国贸复习提纲.docx
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国贸复习提纲
复习提纲
Chapter1
1.Twokindsoftraderestrictions.
TariffandNon-Tariffbarriers
2.Threeformsofimportsurtax.
Countervailingduty/Anti-dumping/Variableduty
3.Thetypesofdutiesaccordingtothetimeofcollection.
Importduty/Exportduty
4.Thetypesofdutiesaccordingtothemethodsofcollection.
Specificduty/AdValoremduty/MixedorCompoundingduty/Alternativeduty
5.Thetypesofnon-tradebarriers.
Quota/importlicense/voluntaryexportrestraints/foreignexchangecontrol/statemonopolyofimportandexport/governmentprocurementpolicy/advanceddeposit/technicalstandard/heathandsanitaryregulation//packagingandlaboringregulation/minimumprice
Chapter2
1.UnderFOB,CFR,CIF,FCA,CPT,CIPterms,
Whichpartyshall
applyforexportlicense?
seller
clearthegoodsforexport?
seller
beresponsibleforinspection?
seller
bearthefreightnecessarytobringthegoodsfromtheportofshipmenttothe
namedportofdestination?
Buyer:
FOB/FCA
beartheinsurancepremiumduringthecarriageofgoodsfromtheportofshipmenttothenamedportofdestination?
Seller:
CIF/CIPbeartheloadingcostattheportofshipment?
Buyer:
FOB/FCAbeartheunloadingcostattheportofdestination?
Seller:
CIF/CPTapplyforimportlicense?
buyer
clearthegoodsforimportandpaytherelevantimportduty?
buyer
beresponsibleforre-inspection?
buyer
Whatmodesoftransporttheycanbeusedfortheseterms?
FOB/CFR/CIF:
Seaorinlandwaterwaytransport
FCA/CIP/CPT:
anymodeoftransportincludingmultimodaltransport
2.WhataretheplacesofdeliveryunderEXW,FOB,CFR,CIF,FCA,CPT,CIP,DDU,DDPterms?
EXWthesellerpr'emise
FOB/CFR/CIFShip'rasil
FCA/CIP/CPTCarrier
DDU/DDPnamedplaceintheimportingcountry
3.ThelegalfeaturesofINCOTERMS.
ItisnotapartofnationalorinternationallawthoughtheycanbeblindingthesellersandthebuyersastheircontractualobligationsprovidedthesalescontractspecifiesthataparticularIncotermswillapply.
Chapter3
1.Fourtypesofmarkusedininternationaltrade
Shippingmarks/informationmarks/indicativemarks/warningmarks
2.Somephrasesshouldnotbeusedinthetermsofpackingincontractsastheyareambiguous,whattheyare?
Sea-worthypackagingcustomarypackaging
3.Themeaningoffollowingcombinationsoflettersandfiguresinthefollowingshippingmark
ABCCo.Standfornameofimporter
XYZ123isreferencenumber,suchasnumberofcontract,
invoiceorshippingdocuments
Shanghaiisportofdestination
Chapter4
1.Twotypesofmerchantvessels.
Liners/tramps
2.ThemeaningsofW,M,AdVal,W/M,W/MorAdValinaLiner'FsreightTariff.
W/byweightM/bymeasurement,volumeAdVal/byvalue
W/MbyweightorvolumeW/MorAdValfirstbyweightorvolume,secondbyvalue
3.ThefunctionsofaB/L.
Areceiptfromshippingco.forshippingg'osods,
Atitledocumenttothegoodsshipped
Aevidenceofthecontractofcarriage
4.ThedifferencesbetweenashippedB/LandareceivedforshipmentB/L.
AShippedB/L:
Goodsareloadingonboard.Thenameofthecarryingvesselandthedateofshippingareindicatedonit.
AreceivedforshipmentB/L:
goodsareunloadingonboard.Nonameofthecarryingvesselandthedateofshippingonit.Onboardnotationisneeded.
5.ThedifferencesbetweenacleanB/LandadirtyB/L.
CleanB/L:
nowordsaboutthedefectiveconditionsofthegoodsorpackagingareprintedontheB/L.goodsareapparentgoodcondition.
DirtyB/L:
packagesareindamagedcondition.
6.ThedifferencesbetweenashortformB/LandalongformB/L.
LongformB/L:
therearecontractclausesprintedonthebackofB/L.
ShortformB/L:
Nocontractclauses.
7.ThefeaturesofanondeckB/L舱面提单andastaleB/L.
DeckB/L:
goodsareplacedonthedeckofshippingtransportation.Noacceptancetotheissuingbank.
AstaleB/L:
goodsarrivebeforethearrivalofshippingdocuments.TheshipmentdateislatterthanthatintheL/C.
8.WhenabearerB/LoranorderB/Listransferred,whattypeofendorsement
isneeded?
Blank/restrictive/specialendorsement
9.WhattypeofanorderB/Lbecomesafterablankendorsement/afteraspecialendorsement?
BearerB/L(blankendorsement)
OrderB/L(specialendorsement)
Chapter5
1.Thetwowaystoexpresstheexchangeratebetweenanytwocurrencies.Directquotationandindirectquotation
2.Underthedirectquotation,whenaforeigncurrencybecomesexpensive/lessexpensive,willthebuyingandsellingratebeupordown?
Expensiveuplessexpensivedown
2.Undertheindirectquotation,whenaforeigncurrencybecomesexpensive/lessexpensive,willthebuyingandsellingratebeupordown?
Expensivedownlessexpensiveup
3.Thecurrencieswhichexportersshouldchoose/avoidasthecontractcurrency.
Choosethecurrencythatwillbecomestronger.
Avoidthecurrencythatwillbecomeweaker.
4.Thecurrencieswhichimportersshouldchoose/avoidasthecontractcurrency.
Choosethecurrencythatwillbecomeweaker.
Avoidthecurrencythatwillbecomestronger
5.ThemethodsofquotationforforeigncurrenciesinChina,theU.K.andthe
U.S.
InChinadirectquotation
TheU.KandtheU.S.indirectquotation
6.The3conditionsforaproposaltobecomeanoffer.
(1)Beaddressedtooneormorespecificperson
(2)Besufficientlydefine
(3)Indicatetheintentionoftheoffertobeboundincaseofacceptance
1.Thethreepartiestoadraft.Drawerpayeedrawee/payer
2.Thedefinitionofabillofexchange
Anunconditionalorderinwritingsignedbyonpartyrequestingasecondpartytomakepaymentinlawfulmoneyimmediatelyoratadeterminablefuturetimetoathirdparty.
3.Ininternationaltrade,whoisusuallythedrawer,thedraweeandthepayeeofadraft?
Sellerdrawerandpayee
Buyerdrawee
4.Thedifferencesbetweenabanker'drsaftandacommercialdraft.
Abanker'dsraftisdrawnbyonebankonanotherbank.Itisusedinsettlingpaymentobligationsbetweenbanks.
Acommercialbankisdrawnbyafirmoraexporter.Thedraweecanbeafirm,anexporterorabank.
5.Thedifferencesbetweenasightdraftandatimedraft.
Sightdraftispayableonpresentation.Thedraweeshouldimmediatelypaytheamountonthedraftdrawnbyhim.
Atimedraftispayableinaspecifiednumberofdays,
After1)itsdateofissuing2)itsdateofacceptance3)itsdateofL/Coratafixedfuturedate.
6.Theproceduresfortheoperationofasightdraftandatimedraft.
Asightdraft:
insurancepresentationpayment
Atimedraft:
insurance---presentation---acceptance---representationpayment
7.Foradishonoredbill,whatmusttheholderobtaintoexercisehisrightofrecourse?
A“certificateofprotest“fromanotarypublic,alawcourtorotherinstitutionsthathavebeenauthorizedbylawtoissuesuchacertificatetocertifythedishonoredofthedraft.
8.ThemeaningsofM/T/,T/TandD/DinEnglishandChinese.
M/T:
mailtransfer信汇T/T:
telegraphictransfer电汇D/D:
abanker'sdemanddraft票汇
9.Thedefinitionofadocumentarycredit.跟单信用证
Itisaconditionalbankundertakingorguaranteeofpayment.
10.The4basicpartiestoaletterofcredit.
Applicant/beneficiary/issuingbank/advisingbank
Thefeaturesofanrevocable/irrevocablecredit,confirmed/unconfirmedcredit.Revocablecreditistheonethatmaybeamendedorcancelledbytheissuingbankatanytimewithoutpriornoticetothebeneficiarybeforethedocumentshavebeenpaid,acceptedandnegotiated.
Irrevocablecreditisonethatcannotbeamendedorcancelledwithoutthepermissionofallparties.
Confirmedcredithasthecommitmentoftheconfirmingbankbesidesthatoftheissuingbank.Theconfirmingbankguaranteesthepaymentandthesellerhasdoubleassuranceofpaymentandisbetterprotected.
Unconfirmedcredithascommitmentoftheissuingbankonly.Thereisonundertakingonthepartofadvisingbankoranyotherbank.
11.Isadraftusuallyrequiredunderasightpayment,negotiation,acceptanceanddeferredpaymentcredit?
Ifyes,whattypeofdraftisneeded?
Sightpayment---(sometimesneeded)sightdraft
Negotiation(must)sightdraftortimedraft
Acceptance---(must)timedraft
Deferred---(noneed)
12.Isasightpayment/negotiation/acceptance/deferredpaymentL/Casightcreditoratimecredit?
Sightpaymentasightcredit
Negotiationatimecreditorsightdraft
Acceptanceatimedraft
Deferredatimedraft
13.InanL/C,whichpartyofacontractisusuallytheapplicantorthebeneficiary?
Applicantbuyerbeneficiary---seller
14.ThemeaningofnegotiationinanL/C.
Negotiationmeansthegivingofvaluefordraftsand/ordocumentsbythebankauthorizedtonegotiate.
15.Canthenegotiatingbankreservestherightofrecoursetothebeneficiaryafterithasnegotiatedthedocuments?
Yes
16.WhenatransferableL/Cistransferredtotheactualsupplier,whatitemsarelikelytobechanged?
Creditamount/unitprice/expirydate/timeofshipment/insuredamount
17.TherelationshipbetweenthemiddlemanandtheactualsupplierinatransferableL/C.
Applicantandbeneficiary
18.Underwhatcircumstanceabacktobackcreditisused?
Whenthetransferredcreditcannotbeused.
19.Therelationshipbetweenthemiddlemanandtheactualsupplierinabacktobackcredit.
Applicantandbeneficiary
20.Thefeaturesofared-clausecredit/revolvingcredit.
Red-clausecredit:
istheonewithaclausethatauthorizedtheadvisingbankmakecleanadvancedpaymenttothebeneficiary.
Revolvingcredit:
isonethatisissuedforaspecificamountwhichrenewsitselfforthesameamountoveragivenperiod.
Chapter7
Whatdonaturalcalamitiesrefertoinoceanmarineinsurance?
Heavyweather/lightening/tsunami/washingoverboard/floodandvolcanicexplosion.
Whatdofortuitousaccidentsrefertoinoceanmarineinsurance?
Carryingvesselbeinggrounded,stranded,sunkorincollisionwithfloatingiceorotherobjects,fireandexplosion.
Whatdoextraneousrisks