比较结构.docx
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比较结构
Adj./Adv.
Positivedegree
Comparativedegree
Superlativedegree
一、“as+原级+as”结构
I.as+adv./adj.+as
1)He’sastallasI.
Heisastallasme.(多用于口语)
Helikesherasmuchashelikeshissister.
否定形式notas…as或notso…as
二者无明显区别。
Itisnotas/sohotinNanjingasinHangzhou.
Hedoesnotsmokesoheavilyashisbrother.
以上可看出,在as…as结构的句子中,通常是主句主语和as分句的主语不同,而比较项目相同,这是as…as结构的最基本用法。
2).主句主语和as分句主语相同,而比较项目不同。
Thegirlwasasbrilliantasshewasbeautiful.
Theswimmingpoolisaswideasitislong.
Heisnotsowiseasheiswitty.
Sheisnotsowittyassheispretty.
3).主句和as从句的主语和比较项目都不同。
Theswimmingpoolisn’ttwiceaslongasthatoneiswide.(这个游泳池的宽度并没有那个游泳池长度的两倍。
)
Hisunclewasasbaseandunworthyashisfatherwasuprightandhonorable.(他的叔叔卑鄙龌龊,不像他父亲那样正直可敬)
II.变体
1)as+much/many+名词+as
此处much/many是限定词
Hetookasmuchbutterasheneeded.
2)as+形原级+a+单数名词+as
as+形原级+不可数名词+as
GeorgeisasefficientaworkerasJack.
Idon’twantasexpensiveacarasthis.
补充说明
1)as…as结构前可以用just,almost,nearly,half等程度副词修饰
Shehasn’tbeenquitesounluckyasshepretends.
他着装奇异不及Jim的一半。
HedoesnotdresshalfasstrangelyasJim.
2)as分句中的成分省略
省略谓语
Heisashandsomeashisbrother(ishandsome).
省略部分谓语
Ihaveasmanyassignmentsasyouhave(assignments).
Iexpecttoweepasmuchas(Iexpect)tolaugh.
省略主谓保留修饰语(多为状语)
ItisascoldinMinnesotaas(itiscold)inHeilongjiang.
以上省略部分都为平行结构
IhaveneverinmylifeseensomuchrainasfellinthatFebruaryintheendlessMississippiforest.
Thereareasgoodfishinthesea__evercameoutofit.
A.thanB.likeC.asD.so
把as当作代词,作从句主语用
3)
notso…as
notsomuch…as与其说是…不如说是
BeijingisnotsolargeasTokyo.
ItwasnotsomuchhisappearanceIlikedashispersonality.
Itwasn’tsomuchthatIdislikedherasthatIjustwasn’tinterested.
Itisnot____muchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.
A.thatB.asC.soD.very
二、more…than
I.基本结构“比较级+than分句”
HeistallerthanI.
Sheseesmemoreoftenthansheseesherbrother.
否定结构可用less…than
但更常用notso/as…as结构。
变体
1)形比较级+名+than
Ispendlessmoneyonclothingthanmysister.
JohnisamoreefficientworkerthanJack.
2)名+形比较级+than
JohnisaworkermoreefficientthanJack.
3)the+形比较级+of+thetwo
4)superior/inferiorto
补充说明
1)much,far,alittle,abit,agreatdeal,alot;
any,no;
(Areyouanybettertoday?
)
even,still,yet;更加
(Inbaggypants,heseemedevenshorter.)
All/somuch/nonethe+比较级+原因状语;因此而更加
Hehadsentmemanypresents,butIdon’tlikehimthemoreforit.
2)more…than…还可用在同一个人或物不同的比较
Heismoreawriterthananartist.是…而不是,与其说是…不如说是
Sheismorekeenthanwise.
Johnismoredaringthanquick-minded.
这种情况下只能使用more,不能使用er
Itismoreapoliticalcrisisthananeconomiccrisis.
上述结构也可用于less…than,得出相反含义。
Hewaslesshurtthanfrightened.
Johnislessdaringthanquick-witted.
3)notmore/erthan与nomore/erthan
HeisnoricherthanI=aspooras
HeisnotricherthanI.
Heisnotlessdeterminedthanyou.
他的决心不比你小。
Heisnolessdeterminedthanyou.
他的决心不亚于你。
言其大。
4)moreandmore
eg.Heisbecomingfatterandfatter.
5).Themore…themore…
eg.Thehardersheworked,themoreprogressshemade.
6)morethan
1>用于数词之前
Morethan1000peopleattendedthemeeting.
有“多的惊人”之意,如无此意,可用over
2>morethan不止,超过
Sheismorethanpretty.
她何止是漂亮。
Youaremorethanwelcome.
Imorethansawit.Ifeltittoo.
MytriptoBeijingismorethansightseeing.
7)比较级用于否定结构可表示“最…不过了”
Nothingbetter!
Icannotagreewithyoumore.
Thiscangivemenogreaterpleasure.
8)比较级+than+原级
再…不过了
Itisdrabberthandrab.
9)绝对比较级
highereducation
youngergeneration
thelowerclass
省略
1.Theindoorswimmingpoolseemstobeagreatmoreluxuriousthan_______.
A.isnecessary
B.beingnecessary
C.tobenecessary
D.itisnecessary
2.Theexperimentrequiresmoremoneythan_______.
A.havebeenputin
B.beingputin
C.hasbeenputin
D.tobeputin
3.Thereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofmountainclimbingthan______inthepublicmindtoday.
A.exists B.exist
C.existing D.toexist
4.WesternNebraskagenerallyreceiveslesssnowthan_______EasternNebraska.
A.in B.itreceivesin
C.does D.itdoesin
最高级
A.常用“the+最高级+比较范围”
eg.Thisisthebestpictureinthehall.
Hesingsthebestintheclass.
B.变体
1)more…thananyother
2)Not…+比较等级