Book II extra passages for careful reading.docx

Book II extra passages for careful reading.docx

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BookIIextrapassagesforcarefulreading

Passage1（Unit1,BookII:

Dreamofshadowland.Storyofone’slife）

Thefirstdayofschooloneofmyclassmatesbeganatalkwithmethatchangedmylife.

Shesaid,"Hi,handsome.MynameisRose.I'meighty-sevenyearsold?

"

"Whyareyouincollegeatsuchanage?

"Iasked.

"IalwaysdreamedofhavingacollegeeducationandnowI'mgettingone!

"shetoldme.

Afterclasswewalkedtothestudentunionbuildingandsharedachocolatemilkshake.Webecameinstantfriends.

AttheendofthesemesterweinvitedRosetospeakatourfootballbanquetandI'llneverforgetwhatshetaughtus.Sheclearedherthroatandbegan:

"Wedonotstopplayingbecauseweareold;wegrowoldbecausewestopplaying.Thereareonlyfoursecretstostayingyoung,beinghappyandachievingsuccess.

"Youhavetolaughandfindhumoreachandeveryday.

"You'vegottohaveadream.Whenyouloseyourdreams,youdie.Wehavesomanypeoplewalkingaroundwhoaredeadandtheydon'tevenknowit!

"Thereisagiantdifferencebetweengrowingolderandgrowingup.Ifyouarenineteenyearsoldandlieinbedforonefullyearanddon'tdooneproductivething,youwillturntwentyyearsold.IfIameighty-sevenyearsoldandstayinbedforayearandneverdoanythingIwillturneighty-eight.Anybodycangrowolder.Thatdoesn'ttakeanytalentorability.Theideaistogrowupbyalwaysfindingtheopportunityinchange.

"Havenoregrets.Theelderlyusuallydon'thaveregretsforwhatwedid,butratherforthingswedidnotdo.Theonlypeoplewhofeardeatharethosewithregrets."

Sheconcludedherspeechbycourageouslysinging"TheRose."Shechallengedeachofustostudythelyricsandlivethemoutinourdailylives.

Atyear'send,Rosefinishedthecollegedegreeshehadbegunallthoseyearsago.OneweekaftergraduationRosediedpeacefullyinhersleep.Overtwothousandcollegestudentsattendedherfuneralintributetothewonderfulwomanwhotaughtbyexamplethatit'snevertoolatetobeallyoucanpossiblybe.

1.Whatisthemeaningof“Webecameinstantfriends”inLine5?

A.Webecamefriendsrightaftertheclass.

B.Wenevertalkedtoeachotherafterthen.

C.Wedidnotkeepourfriendshipforalongtime.

D.Weoftenhelpedeachotheraftermakingfriends.

2.Rosewasinvitedtospeakatthefootballbanquetmostprobablybecause________.

A.shewasagreatfootballfan

B.shetriedhardtoachieveherdreams

C.shebecamemoreeducatedthantheprofessors

D.shewasanoutstandingstudentattheuniversity

3.Rosewillagreewiththeideathat________.

A.growingoldermeansgrowingup

B.onecangrowupwithoutdoinganything

C.ittakesone’stalentandabilitytogrowup

D.onegrowsolderatthesametimewhenhegrowsup

4.AccordingtoRose,peoplewillnotfeardeathwhen________.

A.theyfulfillalltheywantto

B.theystillhavedreamstofulfill

C.theybecomeelderlypeople

D.theyfindthechancesinchange

5.Thepassageisintendedto________.

A.tellamovingstoryaboutRose

B.discusswhattodotogrowup

C.instructthereadershowtoliveuptolives

D.teachthereadershowtorealizetheirdreams

Passage2（Unit2,BookII:

CriticalThinking.Discovery）

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.It’snoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.

Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestion.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitscertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“nature/nurture”.

Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatoutpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactor.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanythingtodowithourabilities,characteristics,andbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.

Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,behaviorists,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Behavioristsseehumansasbeingwhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.

Thesocialandpoliticalimplicationsofthesetwotheoriesareprofound.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligenttest.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyinteriortowhites.Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhiteenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.

Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.

1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedaboutsolvingtheproblem__________.

A.whyourpersonalitiesandbehaviorsdiffer

B.whatmakesdifferentstagesofintelligence

C.howsocialscientistsformdifferenttheories

D.whatcausesthe“nature/nurture”controversy

2.Theword“proponents”canbestbereplacedby__________.

A.approaches

B.advocates

C.principles

D.characters

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementmaybesupportedbythe“nature”school?

A.Wearebornwithcertainpersonalitiesandbehaviors.

B.Environmenthasnothingtodowithourpersonalities.

C.Abilitiesandcharacteristicsarerevealedbybehaviors.

D.Onlyextremebehaviorsaredeterminedbyinstinct.

4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebehaviorists?

A.Theybelievehumanbeingsaremechanical.

B.Theycompareourbehaviorstothemachines.

C.Theysuggestthatwereacttotheenvironmentasthemachinesdo.

D.Theyupholdthatthemechanistictheorycanbeappliedonusaswell.

5.The“nature”theoristsbelievethattheblacks’lowscores__________.

A.aretheresultoftheeducationaldisadvantages

B.areamanifestationoftheblacks’poorintelligence

C.havenothingtodowiththeirtrueintelligence

D.havenothingtodowithfactorsotherthanheredity

Passage3（Unit3,BookII:

Recycling.Environmentalissues）

ClimbingtothetopofmynearesthillinSanFrancisco,mypurposeisnottoenjoytheviewbuttoexperienceabitoffreshairandnature.Somebirdsdwellintheseurbanislandsoftrees,bushesandsoil.Sofewpeoplearethere,buttheyarehappy,relaxedandfriendly（unlessinsaneandouttorob）.IfindtheviewofSanFranciscoBayandthemetropolismostdisturbing,seeinginalldirectionstheindustrialactivityandoil-fueledtradeofquestionableimportedproducts.Massiveportfacilitiesdwarfthehumanscaleofsustainableimport/export.Averysmallnumberofsailboatsforpleasurecan'tquiteofferavisionofrenewable-energytravelandexchange.Passengerplanestakeoff,militaryjetsshowofftheirear-splittingcapabilities,allagainstthebackdropofpollutedairthatiswarmingingeneralthankstocommercialactivityandthemindlessconsumptionbytheindividual.Thehillsarefullofroadsandenergy-wastinghouses.It'snotlikethiseverywhere;thehillsaroundKyotoarepitchblackatnight,fortheyconsistofforest,trailsandsmall,outdoortemples.

Sevenmillionpeoplesurroundmeinthismetropolitanarea.ThoseamongthemwhoreallycarewhetherBarryBondsusedsteroidstohitbaseballs,orwhatpregnantcelebrityhascheckedintoadrugrehabilitationfacility,arenotlikelytobetryingtolivelightlyontheplanet.Normalcitizensunderthespellofmassmediawanttoconsume,andbegivenanswersandeasyfixes.Suchcitizens,Isuspect,wouldargueaboutthecolor-coordinationoftheshoesandhandbagofthepersoninfrontofthemintheline,likesheep,totheslaughterhouse.Fortheyarealreadythereinline,astheywanttoknowbadlywhat'soncableTVandwhat'sinthefreezertoeat.Theymaygetwhattheywanttonight,andagain,andagain,butitwillcometoanabruptend,andwillpeoplepickupashoveltoplantfoodorpickuptheguntotakeothers'food?

Thatdependsontheareaaffected,theculture（urbanU.S.orotherwise）,andpopulationsize.

WhyshouldIbedisturbedbywhatIseenow,whenallisbasicallycalm?

OrfeeluneasyasIstrollaboutinthesafetyofmycomfortablehome?

IsnotSanFranciscoandthesurroundingareaagreatcity,withmanywonderfulpeopleandactivitiestoappreciate?

Whataboutthenoblestrugglesofvaliant,compromisedhard-workingpeople,orthedysfunctionalanddisabledfolkwhoarereallykind?

Thesocialinjusticethatisstillpervasive,inourboastfulageofscientificandtechnologicalpower,isoutrageousandoccupiesmanyofthebestheartsandmindsintheworldwholiveinourverymidst.Muchofwhatailspeople,itisthought,isthattheydonothaveenoughcheap,affordableenergyormaterialthingsthataresupposedtobothsatisfyanduplift.Morepublicfundsforhealthcare,throughanendtocostly,imperialistwars,wouldbethetickettoahealthysociety,i