Book 10 Unit 3Unit 4docx.docx
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1.abortionn.堕胎;(计划等)中止
2.wipevt.抹去;擦拭
3.superadj.超级的;顶好的
4.appetiten.食欲,胃口;强烈欲望
5.artificialadj.虚假的;人造的;人为的
6.bidn.努力争取;招标;vi.出价;投标;试图
7.unprotectedadj.未采取保护措施的,无防护的
8.deletevt.删去,删除
9.certificaten.证书,证明
10.consciencen.良心,良知
11.stainn.(名声上的)污点;污渍;vt.&vi.玷污,弄脏;染色
12.requestvt.&n.要求,请求
13.sliden.降低,衰退;滑动;vi.&vt.降低,衰退;(使)滑行,滑动
14.trapvt.使陷入困境;使陷入圈套;夹住,卡住;n.陷阱,圈套;困境
15.suspectn.嫌疑犯,可疑对象;vt.怀疑
16.downloadvt.下载;n.已下载的数据资料
17.confidentialadj.机密的,保密的;秘密的
18.leakvt.&vi.泄露;渗漏;n.漏洞,裂缝;泄露
19.offensiveadj.冒犯的,极其讨厌的;攻击性的
20.authenticadj.真品的,正宗的;真实的;逼真的
21.compensatevt.&vi.补偿,弥补;给(某人)赔偿
22.draftvt.起草,草拟;选派,抽调;n.草稿;草案;草图
23.smoothvt.使顺利;使光滑,使平坦;adj.光滑的,平坦的
24.preventionn.预防,防止→preventvt.阻止,阻碍,阻挠
25.bathevt.&vi.(给……)洗澡,沐浴→bathn.洗澡;浴缸
26.abruptadj.突然的,意外的;粗鲁的→abruptlyadv.突然地
27.unconsciousadj.无知觉的,昏迷的;无意识的;未察觉到的→consciousadj.有知觉的,有意识的;注意到的
28.hatredn.仇恨→hatevt.憎恨;讨厌
29.cooperationn.合作→cooperatevi.合作
30.inspectvt.检查;视察→inspectionn.检查;视察
31.theoreticaladj.理论的;理论上存在的→theoryn.理论
32.negotiatevt.&vi.商定;谈判,协商→negotiationn.协商,谈判
33.involvevt.使成为必要;牵涉,涉及;(使)参加→involvedadj.参与,有关联的
1.wipeaway消除,去除
2.overagain再,重新
3.inthefirstplace首先;起初
4.burstonthescene突然出现
5.insomecases在某些情况下
6.warnsb.ofsth.提醒、警告某人某事
7.takemeasures采取措施
8.breakinto闯入,破门而入
9.putintoeffect使生效,实施
10.befacedwith面临,面对
11.joinforces(与……)合作,联合
12.aguiltyconscience内疚,问心有愧
13.cheatsb.ofsth.向某人骗取某物
14.getintoabadhabit养成一个不良习惯
1.Donotleaveanymedicinelyingaroundinthehousesothatchildrencangetit.
在屋内不要把药随处乱放,以免孩子们拿到。
2.Onemorning,shewokeupwithafeverandworriedthatshewouldbetooilltogotoanimportantmeeting.
一天早上,她醒来时发烧了;她担心她会病得太严重以至于不能去参加一个重要会议。
3.Assmokersmaytellyou,peoplecanbecomeeasilyaddictedtonicotine,whichiswhytheyhavetroublequittingsmoking.
正如吸烟者可能告诉你的,人们很容易对尼古丁上瘾,这就是为什么许多人很难戒烟的原因。
4.Consideringhowbadthesituationwithcybercrimeagainstcompanieshasbecome,manypeoplewonderwhysolittleisknownaboutthis.
鉴于针对公司的网络犯罪的情况变得如此恶劣,许多人质疑为什么人们对此知之甚少。
5.Verysoon,Iranoutofmoney,butIcouldnotaskmyparentsformoneybecauseIdidnotwantthemtoknowthatIhadbeenplayingcomputergames.
很快,我的钱花光了,但是我不能向我的父母要钱因为我不想让他们知道我一直在玩电脑游戏。
6.Tohelpcontrolsuchproblemsandsmooththeprogressofinternationaltrade,theWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)wasformed.
为帮助控制这样的问题并促进国际贸易进展顺利,世界贸易组织(WTO)成立了。
bidn.努力争取;招标
vi.出价;投标;试图
bid...for/on...出价……买……
bidagainstsb.与某人争出高价;抬价竞买
makeabidof...for/on...出价……买……
(1)Wehadhopedtogetthehousebutanothercouplewasbiddingagainstus.
(2)Hemadeabidofonehundreddollarson/forthevase.
[同义句改写]
(3)Clairebid300poundsforthefurniture.(用名词bid改写句子)
→Clairemadeabidof300poundsforthefurniture.
concludev.断定,推断出;得出结论;使结束,终止
(1)concludesth.from...从……中推断出……
toconclude最后
conclude...with/bydoing...以(做)……结束……
(2)conclusionn.结论;推论
arriveat/reach/cometo/drawaconclusion得出结论
inconclusion总之;最后
(1)Inconclusion(总之),certainmoviesplayapositiverole,butnotallmoviesdo.
(2)Sheconcludedhertalkwithafunnystory.
[同义句改写]
(3)Ihaveconcludedfrommyownexperiencesthat“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”
→Ihavedrawnaconclusionfrommyownexperiencesthat“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”
appetiten.食欲,胃口;强烈欲望
haveanappetitefor喜爱,渴望
haveagood/poorappetite胃口好/不好
loseone’sappetite食欲减退
givesb.anappetite使某人有食欲
toone’sappetite合某人的胃口
(1)Hehasnoappetiteforhardwork.
他不喜欢卖力气。
(2)Shehascompletelylostherappetitesincetheoperation.
手术以后,她完全没有食欲。
(3)Takingawalkwillgiveyouanappetiteforyourlunch.
出去散散步,午饭时就有食欲了。
trapn.夹子;陷阱;圈套;困境
v.使困住,使陷于;使落网
(1)set/layatrap给……设圈套
(2)trapsb.intodoing...诱骗某人做……(不说trapsb.todo...)
(1)Hefelthehadbeentrappedintoacceptingthetermsofthecontract.
(2)Hewillfightevenmoredesperatelyiftrapped(trap).
[句式升级]
(3)Hewastrappedinatrafficjam,sohehadtobepatient,waiting.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Trappedinatrafficjam,hehadtobepatient,waiting.
involvev.包含;需要;牵涉;涉及;使参加(卷入)……
(1)involvesth./sb.包括,牵连某物/某人
involvesb.in(doing)sth.使某人卷入(做)某事
involvedoing...包括/牵扯到做……
(2)involvedadj.有关的;卷入的;复杂的
beinvolvedin参与;卷入;专注于……
beinvolvedwith涉及;与……有关
(3)involvementn.连累;牵连;卷入
(1)Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishIhadasecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved(involve).(2018·江苏)
(2)We’llmakeourdecisionandcontactthepeopleinvolved(involve).
(3)Beingasoldiercaninvolvegetting(get)killed.
(4)ForalongtimeGabrieldidn’twanttobeinvolvedin(参与)musicatall.(2017·江苏)
易错点拨
(1)involve是及物动词,后跟动词时要用动名词形式。
(2)involved作前置定语时,意为“复杂的”;作后置定语时意为“有关的;涉及的”。
theinvolvedproblem复杂的问题;theprobleminvolved所涉及的问题
suspectvt.怀疑;认为
n.被怀疑者;嫌疑犯
(1)suspectsb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做)某事
suspectsb.tobe/as...怀疑某人是……
suspectthat...怀疑/认为……
(2)suspicionn.怀疑;疑心
undersuspicion被怀疑
(3)suspiciousadj.怀疑的;可疑的
(1)Isuspecthimtobe/asthethief./Isuspecthimofbeingthethief./Isuspectthathe’sthethief.
我怀疑他是小偷。
(2)Anymanwhohaswitnessedtheattackisundersuspicion.
任何目击此次袭击的人都有嫌疑。
[熟词生义] 选择句子中suspect的汉语意思
(3)He’saprimesuspectinthemurdercase.A
A.嫌疑犯 B.不信任 C.可疑
requestvt.&n.要求;请求
(1)requestsb.todosth.请求某人做某事
Itisrequestedthat...(should)do...要求……
(2)atsb’srequest(=attherequestofsb.)应某人的要求
byrequest应邀
(1)Therequestisthatmanuscripts(手稿)(should)bewritten(write)ononesideonly.
(2)Hewastransferredtoanotherdepartmentatherrequest/attherequestofher(应她的要求).
[同义句改写]
(3)Allmembersarerequestedtobepresentattheparty.
→Itisrequestedthatallmembers(should)bepresentattheparty.
易错点拨
(1)动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词为“(should+)动词原形”。
(2)request后不能直接跟不定式,即不能说requesttodo...。
wipeaway擦去,擦掉;去除,消除
wipesth.off/awayfrom从……上擦去;把……彻底清除掉
wipeup擦净,擦干
wipeout消除,彻底消灭;擦净……的内部;使疲惫不堪
(1)Thediseasealmostwipedoutthepeopleoftheisland.
这种疾病几乎将全岛的人毁灭。
(2)Pleasewipeoff/awaythedrawingfromtheblackboard.
请将黑板上的画擦掉。
HisstorywassosadthatIcouldnotkeepmyselffromweeping.他的故事如此悲伤以至于我难以抑制地哭泣。
so/such...that...引导结果状语从句,意为“如此……以至于……”。
(1)so...that...句型的常见形式:
so+adj./adv.+that...
so+adj.+a/an+n.+that...
so+many/much/few/little(少)+n.+that...
(2)such...that...句型的常见形式:
such+a/an+adj.+n.+that...
such+adj.+n.(复数或不可数)+that...
(3)当so/such放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装语序。
(1)Theyaresuchlittleboysandeatsolittlefoodthatwealllovethemverymuch.
[同义句改写]
(2)Itwassocoldadaythattherewasnobodyinthestreet.
①Itwassuchacolddaythattherewasnobodyinthestreet.(用such...that...改写)
②Socoldadaywasitthattherewasnobodyinthestreet.(用倒装改写)
In2009,41percentofthesoftwareoncomputersworldwidewaspirated,whichequalledalossof$53billionforthepeoplewhomadethesoftware.在2009年,全世界电脑中41%的软件是盗版的,这对原开发者来说相当于530亿美元的损失。
(1)分数、百分数或halfof/partof/therestof+n./pron.作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由后面的n./pron.决定。
(2)oneof+n./pron.作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
(3)表示“时间、重量、长度、距离、金钱”等的名词的复数形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时作主语的这些名词看作一个整体。
(1)Sixtypercentofthememberspresentatthemeetingare(be)oldpeople.
(2)Twentydollarsis(be)enough.
(3)Oneofthebooksis(be)aboutEnglishgrammar.
(4)Onethirdofthecountryiscovered(cover)withtreesandthemajorityofthecitizensareblackpeople.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2018·吉林长春质量监测二)
Nexttimeyougoshopping,keepinmindthattheremaybehiddencamerasanalyzingyourhabits.Accordingtoa2015surveyof150managersfromComputerServicesCorporation,aquarterofBritishshopsusefacialrecognitionsoftwaretocollectdataonshoppers’behavior.
Withconcernsthatfacerecognitioncameras“arekindofinvasive(冒犯的)”,BritishanalysisfirmHoxtonAnalyticshascomeupwithanewwayofmeasuringfootfall(客流)—byfilmingpeople’sshoes.Thetechnologycancollectalargeamountofpersonalinformation.“Wehavecamerasatabout50cmoffthegroundandtheypointdownsotheyarelessinvasivethanfacialrecognition,”DuncanMann,Hoxton’sofficersaid.
Asmoderncitiesgetfuller—70percentofthepopulationwillliveinurbanareasby2050—camerasandothertechnologiesaretakingoverpublicspacesandcollectingourdata.Theirpurposeistokeeppeoplesafe,provideefficientservicesandpreventdisastersandcrimes.
Butsomearenothappywiththecamerasasfarastheirprivacy(隐私)isconcerned.“Veryfewofushaveanyrealconceptofwhatdatasmartcitiesaregathering,”saidRenateSamson.
Webegingivingawaydataassoonaswewakeup.Whenweenterthetransportsystem,wearegivingawayevenmoredetailsaboutourselvesthroughsmartcards,mobilephonesorcreditcards.
NickMillman,directorataconsultingfirmthinksstatisticsarethekeytotheprivacyconcern.HeusedtheexampleofGoogleMaps,whichistomonitortheflowoftrafficinStockholm.Heexplained,“Itisbasicallyaddingprivacycontrolstostatisticssothatyouonlyseethedatayouneedtoknowabout.Inthiscase,Googlegetsenoughdatatoimprovetrafficbutnotsomuchthatitshowsindividualjourneypatterns.”
语篇解读 本文是关于对泄露个人数据的担忧。
1.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?
A.Anintroductiontocollectingshoppers’data.
B.Theconcernaboutgivingawaypersonaldata.
C.Theproblemscausedbyimbalanceddistributionofpopulation.
D.Aninventionrecordingandcollectingcustomers’information.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。
根据第五段可知,本文是关于对泄露个人数据的担忧。
故选B。
2.ThenewtechnologyinventedbyHoxtonAnalytics.
A.cangatheralotofpeople’spersonaldatafromtheirshoes
B.usescamerasfittedonthegroundtocollectcustomers’data
C.hasimprovedtheaccuracyoffacialrecognitionsoftware
D.offersaperfectsolutiontocustomers’privacyconcerns
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“...BritishanalysisfirmHoxtonAnalyti