曼昆《经济学原理》微观第五版测试题库 20doc.docx
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曼昆《经济学原理》微观第五版测试题库20doc
Chapter20
IncomeInequalityandPoverty
TRUE/FALSE
1.Thepovertylineissetbythegovernmentsothat10percentofallfamiliesfallbelowthatlineandaretherebyclassifiedas“poor.”
ANS:
FDIF:
1REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Thestudyofeconomics,anddefinitionsofeconomics
TOP:
PovertylineMSC:
Definitional
2.TheUnitedStateshasmoreincomeinequalitythanJapan,Germany,andCanada.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Thestudyofeconomics,anddefinitionsofeconomics
TOP:
IncomeinequalityMSC:
Definitional
3.TheUnitedStateshasmoreincomeinequalitythanBrazilandSouthAfrica.
ANS:
FDIF:
1REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Thestudyofeconomics,anddefinitionsofeconomics
TOP:
IncomeinequalityMSC:
Definitional
4.Standardmeasurementsofthedegreeofincomeinequalitytakebothmoneyincomeandin-kindtransfersintoaccount.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
Thestudyofeconomics,anddefinitionsofeconomics
TOP:
In-kindtransfers|IncomeinequalityMSC:
Definitional
5.JohnRawls,whodevelopedthewayofthinkingcalledliberalism,arguedthatgovernmentpoliciesshouldbeaimedatmaximizingthesumofutilityofeveryoneinsociety.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
20-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
TheroleofgovernmentTOP:
Utility
MSC:
Interpretive
6.OneexistinggovernmentprogramthatworksmuchlikeanegativeincometaxistheEarnedIncomeTaxCredit.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
20-3
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
TheroleofgovernmentTOP:
Negativeincometax
MSC:
Interpretive
7.OneexistinggovernmentprogramthatworksmuchlikeanegativeincometaxisMedicaid.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
20-3
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
TheroleofgovernmentTOP:
Negativeincometax
MSC:
Interpretive
8.Theinvisiblehandofthemarketplaceactstoallocateresourcesefficiently,butitdoesnotnecessarilyensurethatresourcesareallocatedfairly.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
20-0
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Incomeinequality
MSC:
Applicative
9.Whenthegovernmentenactspoliciestomakethedistributionofincomemoreequitable,itdistortsincentives,altersbehavior,andmakestheallocationofresourceslessefficient.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
20-0
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
TheroleofgovernmentTOP:
Incomeinequality
MSC:
Applicative
10.IntheUnitedStatesin2005,thebottomfifthoftheincomedistributionhadincomesbelow$19,250.
ANS:
FDIF:
1REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Incomeinequality
MSC:
Applicative
11.Thetop5percentofU.S.annualfamilyincomein2005was$184,500ormore.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Incomeinequality
MSC:
Applicative
12.AU.S.familyearning$80,000wouldbeinthetop20percentofincomedistributionin2005.
ANS:
FDIF:
1REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Incomeinequality
MSC:
Applicative
13.Freetradeandeconomicgrowthhavereducedpovertyworldwide.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Poverty
MSC:
Applicative
14.Althoughglobalizationhasreducedincomeinequality,thenumberofpeoplelivinginextremepovertyhasremainedunchanged.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Poverty
MSC:
Interpretive
15.Themeasuredpovertyratemaynotreflectthetrueextentofeconomicdeprivationbecauseitdoesnotincludesomeformsofgovernmentassistance.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Povertyrate
MSC:
Applicative
16.Thepovertylineisanabsolutestandardandisbasedonthecostofprovidinganadequatediet.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Povertyline
MSC:
Definitional
17.Thepovertylineisbasedonthepercentageofpeoplewhocannotaffordanadequatediet.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Povertyline
MSC:
Interpretive
18.Thepovertyrateisameasureofpeopleunabletomeetthegovernment’spovertyline.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Povertyline
MSC:
Interpretive
19.Theelderlyrepresentthelargestdemographicgroupinpoverty.
ANS:
FDIF:
1REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Poverty
MSC:
Applicative
20.AbouthalfofblackandHispanicchildreninfemale-headedhouseholdsliveinpoverty.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Poverty
MSC:
Applicative
21.Theeconomiclifecycledescribeshowyoungpeopleusuallyhavehighersavingsratesthanmiddle-agedpeople.
ANS:
FDIF:
1REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Economiclifecycle
MSC:
Applicative
22.Manyeconomistsbelievethatafamilybasesitsspendingdecisionsonitspermanent,oraverage,incomeratherthanontransitoryincome.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Economiclifecycle
MSC:
Applicative
23.AboutfouroutoffivemillionairesintheUnitedStatesearnedtheirmoneyratherthaninheritedit.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Economicmobility
MSC:
Applicative
24.Fewerthanthreepercentoffamiliesarepoorforeightormoreyears.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Economicmobility
MSC:
Applicative
25.Utilitariansbelievethatthepropergoalofthegovernmentistomaximizethesumoftheutilitiesofeveryoneinsociety.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
20-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
TheroleofgovernmentTOP:
Utilitarianism
MSC:
Interpretive
26.Theutilitarianjustificationforredistributingincomeisbasedontheassumptionofdiminishingmarginalutility.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
20-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
TheroleofgovernmentTOP:
Utilitarianism
MSC:
Interpretive
27.Ifagovernmentcouldsuccessfullyachievethemaximincriterion,eachmemberofsocietywouldhaveanequalincome.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
20-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
TheroleofgovernmentTOP:
Liberalism
MSC:
Interpretive
28.Accordingtolibertarians,thegovernmentshouldredistributeincomefromrichindividualstopoorindividualstoachieveamoreequaldistributionofincome.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
20-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
TheroleofgovernmentTOP:
Libertarianism
MSC:
Interpretive
29.Libertariansbelievethatthegovernmentshouldenforceindividualrightstoensurethatallpeoplehavethesameopportunitiestousetheirtalentstoachievesuccess.
ANS:
TDIF:
1REF:
20-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
TheroleofgovernmentTOP:
Libertarianism
MSC:
Interpretive
30.Thepovertyrateisanabsolutelevelofincomesetbythefederalgovernmentforeachfamilysizebelowwhichafamilyisdeemedtobeinpoverty.
ANS:
FDIF:
1REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Povertyrate,Povertyline
MSC:
Definitional
31.Anincomedistributionmaynotgiveanaccuratepictureoffamilies’standardsoflivingbecauseitdoesnotincludein-kindtransfers.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Incomeinequality
MSC:
Interpretive
32.Agoaloflibertariansistoprovidecitizenswithequalopportunitiesratherthantoensureequaloutcomes.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
20-2
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Libertarianism
MSC:
Interpretive
33.TemporaryAssistanceforNeedyFamilies（TANF）isanexampleofanegativeincometaxprogram.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
20-3
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Welfare
MSC:
Applicative
34.Whenpoorfamiliesindevelopingcountriesexperienceanincreaseinfamilyincome,theirchildrensupplyfewerhoursoflabor.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
20-3
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Childlabor
MSC:
Applicative
35.EducationisthemostimportantfactorexplainingreductionsinchildlaborinVietnam.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
20-3
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
LabormarketsTOP:
Childlabor
MSC:
Applicative
36.InternetaccessisthemostimportantfactorexplainingreductionsinchildlaborinVietnam.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
20-3
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
LabormarketsTOP:
Childlabor
MSC:
Applicative
37.Since1959theUnitedStates’incomedistributionhasbecomemoreequal.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Incomeinequality
MSC:
Applicative
38.In2005thetopfifthofincomeearnersaccountedforover50%ofallincomereceivedbyUnitedStates’families.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Incomeinequality
MSC:
Applicative
39.In2005thetop5percentofincomeearnersaccountedforover50%ofallincomereceivedbyUnitedStates’families.
ANS:
FDIF:
2REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Incomeinequality
MSC:
Applicative
40.From1935to2005theshareoftotalincomeearnedbythebottomfifthofincomeearnersroseandthenfell.
ANS:
TDIF:
2REF:
20-1
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
EfficiencyandequityTOP:
Incomeinequality
MSC:
Applicative
SHORTANSWER
1.Explaintherelationshipbetweenlaborearningsandthedistributionofincome.
ANS:
Aperson'searningsdependonthesupplyanddemandforthatperson'slabor,whichinturndependsonnaturalability,humancapital,compensatingdifferentials,discrimination,andsoon.Becauselaborearningsmakeupaboutthree-fourthsofthetotalincomeintheU.S.economy,thefactorsthatdeterminewagesarealsolargelyresponsiblefordetermininghowtheeconomy'stotalincomeisdistributedamongthevariousmembersofsociety.
DIF:
1REF:
20-0TOP:
Incomeinequality
MSC:
Interpretive
2.Whatismeantbyaperfectlyequaldistributionofincome?
Useagraphtodepictsuchasituation.
ANS:
Ifincomewereequallydistributedacrossallfamilies,eachone-fifthoffamilieswouldreceiveone-fifthofincome.Thatis,20percentofallfamiliesw
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