考研英语.docx

考研英语.docx

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考研英语

2011年考研英语

（一）真题试题及参考答案

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

       AncientGreekphilosopherviewedlaughteras“abolidyeercisepreicioustoheath.”But  1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.Laughterdoes 2   short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels, 3 heartrateandoxygenconsummption,Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto  4 ,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave  5 benefitsthe,say,walkingotjoggingdoes 

        6 ,insteadofstrainingmusclestobulidthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe  7 ,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter 8 muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown 

       Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp 9 theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoglaughingprobablydoes 11 oneclassicaltheoryofemtion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted 12 physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendof19thcentrythathumensdonotcry 13 theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbeginstoflow

       Althiughsadnessalso 14 tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow 15 muscularresponses.Inanexperimemtpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwiirzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto 16 apeneigherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile-orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea（n） 17 expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisethrieenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown, 19 thatexpressionmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround  20 ,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood

1.[A] among      [B]except       [C]despite       [D]like     

2.[A] reflect      [B]demend       [C]indicate      [D]produce   

3.[A] stabilizing   [B]boosting      [C]impairing    [D]determining  

4.[A] transmit     [B]sustain        [C]evaluate     [D]observe  

5.[A] measurable   [B]manageable   [C]affordable     [D]renewable   

6.[A] Inturn      [B] Infact      [C]Inaddition    [D]Inbrief  

7.[A]opposite      [B]impossible     [C]average      [D]expected  

8.[A]hardens       [B]weakens     [C]tightens       [D]relaxes   

9.[A]aggravate     [B]generate      [C]morderate     [D]enhance  

10.[A]physical     [B]mental       [C]subcinscious  [D]intermal

11.[A]Exceptfor   [B]Accordingto   [C]Dueto      [D]Asfor 

12.[A]with        [B]on           [C]in          [D]at    

13.[A]unless      [B]until         [C]if           [D] because  

14.[A]exhausts     [B]follows      [C]precedes     [D]supresses  

15.[A] into       [B]form        [C] towards      [D]beyond  

16.[A] fecth      [B]form        [C] pick       [D]hold  

17.[A] disappointed [B]excited     [C] joyful      [D]indifferent  

18.[A]adapted    [B]catered        [C]turned       [D]  reacted

19.[A]suggesting  [B] requiring    [C]mentioning     [D]supposing  

20.[A]Eventually  [B]Consequently  [C]Similatly       [D]Conversely

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readingthefollowingfourstexts.AnswerthequestionbeloweachtextbyChoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Markyouransweron ANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

        ThedecisionoftheNewYorkphilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast“Hooray!

Atlast!

”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic

        Oneofthereasonwhytheappiontmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilberiscommparativelylittleknownEvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatsemmslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintprwise  

        Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,beperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcomposition,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeramddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicformiTumes

        Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theeatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecorsedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingarecheap,availableeverwhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilytyofsuchrecordinghasthusbroughtaboutactisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalcouncert 

        Onepossiblereponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattravtivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecors.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:

AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhiharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?

Merely,expandingtheorchestra’srepertorrewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthrPhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’aolderestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

21.WelearnfromPara1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas

[A]incuredcriticism

[B]raisedsuspicion

[C]raceivedacclaim

[D]aroundcuriousity

22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

[A]influential

[B]modest

[C]respectable

[D]talented

23.Theautherbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers 

[A]ingoretheexpenseofliveperformance

[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformance

[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformanc

[D]overestimatethevarietyofliveperformance

24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

[A]Theyareofteninterrortoliveconcertsinquality 

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegenralpublic

[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic

[D]Theyhaveonlyconveredmasterpieces

25.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalixingthePhilharmonic,theauthirfeels

[A]doubtful

[B]enthusisastic

[C]confident

[D]puzzled

Text2

       WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexpanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleavingtopresuemygoalofrunningacompany,broadcastinghisambition"wasverymuchmydecision,"McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

        MaGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetorefectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn'talone.InrecentweekstheNO.2executivesAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsebusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

       Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEoturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

       Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKrnFerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey,"Ican'tthinkofasinglesearchI'vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst."

       Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiedexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCItigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstiturionthreeyearslater.

       Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadon."Thetraditionalrulewasit'ssafertostaywhereyouare,buthat'sbeenfundamentallyinverted,"saysoneheadhunter."Thepeoplewho'vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho'vestayedtoolong"

26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing（）

A.ArrogantB.frankC.self-centeredD.impulsive

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutivesquittingmaybespurredby（）

A.theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus

B.theirneedtoreflectontheirprivate life

C.theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards

D.theirpursuitofnewcareergoals

28.Theword"poached"（Line3,Paragraph4）mostprobablymeans（）

A.approvedof B.a