江苏省南京市学年度高三年级第一学期期初英语检测试题.docx
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江苏省南京市学年度高三年级第一学期期初英语检测试题
绝密★启用前
江苏省南京市2020~2021学年度高三年级第一学期期初英语检测试题
英语试题2020.08
(满分:
150分,考试时间:
120分钟)
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
It'sgenerallybelievedthatpeopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes.Theyrecycletheirgarbagebecausetheycareabouttheenvironment.Theypay$5foracaramelbruleelattebecausetheylikeexpensivecoffeedrinks.
It'sundeniablethatbehaviorcomesfromourinnerdispositions(性情),butinmanyinstanceswealsodrawinferencesaboutwhoweare,assuggestedbythesocialpsychologistDarylBem,byobservingourownbehavior.Wecanbestrangerstoourselves.Ifweknewourownminds,whywouldweneedtoguesswhatourpreferencesarefromourbehavior?
Ifourmindswereanopenbook,wewouldknowexactlyhowmuchwecareabouttheenvironmentorlikelattes.Actually,weoftenneedtolooktoourbehaviortofigureoutwhoweare.
Moreover,wedon'tjustuseourbehaviortolearnaboutourparticulartypesofcharacter-weinfercharactersthatweren'ttherebefore.Ourbehaviorisoftenshapedbylittlepressuresaroundus,whichwefailtorecognize.Maybewerecyclebecauseourwivesandneighborswoulddisapproveifwedidn't.Maybewebuylattesinordertoimpressthepeoplearoundus.Weshouldnotmistakenlybelieve
thatwealwaysbehaveasaresultofsomeinnerdisposition.
Whateverpressurestherecanbeorinferencesonecanmake,peoplebecomewhattheydo,thoughitmaynotbeincompliance(符合)withtheirtruedesires.Therefore,weshouldallbearinmindKurtVonnegut'sadvice:
"Wearewhatwepretendtobe,sowemustbecarefulaboutwhatwepretendtobe."
21.Accordingtothepassage,personalitiesandattitudesarecommonlybelievedto_
A.determineone'sbehaviorB.reflectone'staste
C.influenceone'ssurroundingsD.resultfromone'shabits
22.WhichofthefollowingwouldDarylBemmostprobablyagreewith?
A.Thereturnofawalletcanindicateone'shonesty.
B.Akindpersonwillofferhisseattotheold.
C.Onerecyclesplasticstoprotecttheenvironment.
D.Onebuyslatteoutoftrueloveofcoffee.
23.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthepassage?
A.Wefailtorealizeourinnerdispositions.
B.Wecanbeinfluencedbyoutsidepressures.
C.Ourbehavioristheresultofourtruedesires.
D.Ourcharacterscanshapeoursocialrelationships.
24.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?
A.Personalitiesandattitudes.B.Preferencesandhabits.
C.Behaviorandpersonalities.D.Attitudesandpreferences.
B
Onemomentitwasquietandcalmintheforest,thenext,theairwaschargedwithtension.Theelephanthadheardthedistantalarmcallsofanimalsandhermoodsuddenlychanged.lurgedtheelephantdeeperintotheforest.Wesoundedlikeaforestfire-crackling,snapping,trailblazing.Butthroughallthenoisecameasharpwarningcry.Theelephantstoppedandwehearditagain-thetell-talecallofaspotteddeer.
Ilookedquicklyaroundtheshadowsoftheforest.Raysofsunlightshonethroughtreebranches,beneathwhichthepatchwork(交错)ofgreenplantsandshadows-within-shadowswouldmaketigerstripes(条纹)lookmoreattractive.Apartfromanoccasionalnoisefromtheelephant'sstomach,theforestwassilent.
Gradually,thetensionslippedfromourbodies.Theelephantseizedanearbybranchandputitintohermouth.lreachedforwardandgentlymovedmyhandovertheelephant'sneck;therewasasoftpart,freeofwrinklesandhairs,behindherear.
ThiswasmyfourthtimetosensetheauraoftheforestinCorbett,althoughIsawnotigersintheend.LocatedatthefootoftheHimalayanmountains,Corbettishometoabout135Bengaltigers,buttheforestseemedtobeguardingtheirwhereabouts(出没处),asilentreminderoftheirsecrecyandrarity.Still,Iwashappyenoughtouchingtheelephantbehindtheear.IfIhadsodesperatelywantedtoseeatiger,lcouldhavegonetoazoo.Afterall,spottingtigersmerelyconfirmstheirbeauty;trackingthemcanmakeyouawareofsomethingmore.
25.Whichofthefollowingwasaclearsignalofalarm?
A.Theelephantstopped.B.Aspotteddeercalled.
C.Theelephantseizedabranch.D.Theforestwassilentforawhile.
26.Theauthorbeginshisaccountofthetourintheforestmainlyby.
A.describingvarioussoundsB.comparingdifferentanimals
C.listingdifferentactivitiesD.introducingvariousplants
27.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"tosensetheaura"mostprobablymean?
A.Toseethediversity.B.Toenjoythescenery.
C.Tofeeltheatmosphere.D.Toexperiencethefreedom.
28.HowdoestheauthorfeelafterseveralvisitstoCorbett?
A.SeeingaBengaltigerisquitethrilling.
B.Itisverytime-consumingtotravelinCorbett.
C.ItisreallyworthwhiletostudytheanimalsinCorbett.
D.TheprocessoffindingBengaltigersismostappealing.
C
Theideaofbeingabletowalkonwaterhaslonginterestedhumansgreatly.Sadly,biologicalfactspreventuseveraccomplishingsuchathingwithoutartificialaid-wesimplyweightoomuch,andallourmasspushesdownthroughourrelativelysmallfeet,resultinginalotofpressurethatmakesussink.
However,severaltypesofanimalscanwalkonwater.OneofthemostinterestingisthecommonbasiliskBasilicusbasilicus,alizard(蜥蜴)nativeoCentralandSouthAmerica.Itcanrunacrosswaterforadistanceofseveralmeters,avoidinggettingwetbyrapidlyhittingthewater'ssurfacewithitsfeet.Thelizardwilltakeasmanyas20stepspersecondtokeepmovingforward.Forhumanstodothis,we'dneedhugefeetthatwecouldbringuptoourearsinordertocreateadequate"hitting."
Butfortunatelythereisanalternative:
cornflour.Byaddingenoughofthiscommonthickeningagenttowater(anditdoestakealot),youcancreatea"non-Newtonian"liquidthatdoesn'tbehavelikenormalwater.Now,ifthesurfaceofthewaterishithardenough,particles(粒子)inthewatergrouptogetherforamomenttomakethesurfacehard.Movequicklyenoughandputenoughforceintoeachstep,andyoureallycanwalkacrossthesurfaceofanadequatelythickliquidofcornflour.
Funthoughallthismaysound,it'sstillrathermessyandbetterreadaboutintheorythancarriedoutinpractice.Ifyoumustdoit,thenkeepthewaterwingshandyincaseyoustarttosink-andtakeashowerafterward!
29.Walkingonwaterhasn'tbecomearealitymainlybecausehumans.
A.arenotinterestedinitB.havebiologicallimitations
C.havenotinventedpropertoolsD.areafraidtomakeanattempt
30.WhatdoweknowaboutBasilicusbasilicusfromthepassage?
A.Itislightenoughtowalkonwater.
B.Itshugefeetenableittostayabovewater.
C.Itcanrunacrosswateratacertainspeed.
D.Itsuniqueskinkeepsitfromgettingwetinwater.
31.Whatisthefunctionofthecornflouraccordingtothepassage?
A.Tocreateathickliquid.B.Toturnthewaterintosolid.
C.Tohelptheliquidbehavenormally.D.Toenablethewatertomoverapidly.
32.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtheideaofhumans'walkingonwater?
A.Itisriskybutbeneficial.B.Itisinterestingandworthtrying.
C.Itiscrazyandcannotbecomeareality.D.Itisimpracticalthoughtheoreticallypossible.
D
Therehavealwaysbeenalotofcommonlybelievedbutfalseideasaboutbeingfatanddoingexercise.Somepeoplebelievethattheycan'thelpputtingonweightastheygetolder,whileothersholdthatiftheystopexercising,theirmuscleswillturnintofat.Herearesomemoremyths:
I'llneverloseweight-Icomefromafatfamily
Wrong!
Whilewecan'tchangethebodytypewearebornwith,wecan'tblameourgenesformakingusfat.There'splentyofevidencethatfatnessrunsinfamilies,andthemainreasonisthattheysharethesamehabitsofeatingtoomuchandexercisingtoolittle.
IamfatbecauseIburncaloriesslowly
Wrong!
Fatnessisnotcausedbyaslowmetabolism(新陈代谢)。
Infact,althoughfatpeopleconsumemoreenergythanslimpeople,theyalsofailtorealizehowmuchtheyeat!
Keepingadiarycanhelpyouworkoutyourdailyfoodintakemoreaccurately.
Exerciseisboring
Wrong!
Anythingwillbecomeboringifyoudoitrepetitively.Thekeyistodevelopabalancedandvariedprogramthat'sfunaswellasprogressive.IfyouenjoyaSundaywalk,takeadifferentroute.Ifyoudoyoga,tryataichiclass.Ifyoulikeswimming,setyourselfadistanceortimechallenge.
Nopain,nogain
Wrong!
Exerciseisnotmeanttohurt.Indeed,painisyourbodytellingyousomething'swrong,andcontinuingtoexercisecouldleadtoseriousinjury.Youmayexperiencemilddiscomfortasyoubegintoexerciseregularly,butthisisyourbodyadaptingtothepositivechangesinyourlifestyleandtheachesshoulddisappearrelativelyquickly.Iftheydon't,restandseekmedicaladvice.
33.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutbeingfat?
A.Itisthefamilygenesthatmakepeoplefat.
B.Peoplearefatbecausetheyconsumetoolittleenergy.
C.Adiaryofexercisecanpreventpeoplefrombecomingfat.
D.Itistheconsequenceofpeople'sunbalancedlifestyle.
34.Accordingtotheauthor,howcanwemakeexercisemoreinteresting?
A.Bytakingvariedexercise.B.Bychoosingsimpleexercise.
C.Bydoingregularexercise.D.Bystickingtooutdoorexercise.
35.Whatistheauthor'sopinionabout"Nopain,nogain"inexercising?
A.Keepingfitisessentiallyapainfulexperience.
B.Exerciseshouldbestoppedifcontinuouspainisfelt.
C.Paininexerciseisapreconditionforreachingyourgoal.
D.Gettingusedtopainleadstopositivechangesinyourbody.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
W:
Hello,Jack.You'regettingreadyfortomorrow'slessons,aren'tyou?
M:
Yes,I'mabitnervous.36
W:
Iunderstandhowyou'refeeling.You'llmakealotoffriendsverysoon.
M:
Thankyou.I'lltrymybesttogetuse