初中简单词组辨析.docx
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初中简单词组辨析
1.alive/living
(1)Thefishwecaughtisstill___.
(2)Theycaughttheenemy___.
(3)Bothplantsandanimalsare___things.
(4)Isyourfatherstill___?
(5)The___mustfinishtheworkofthosedead.
辨析:
两者都可用作adj.,指“活着的”,但用法也有不同.
(1)alive意为“活着的、在世的、活泼的、热闹的”,作表语形容词时,可指人,也可指物;alive作定语时要放在所修饰名词之后作后置定语;alive还可以作宾语补足语.
(2)living“活着的、现有的”,指人、物是活着的,没有死的,可作表语,也可作定语;作定语时放在修饰词之前,living还可用做名词表示“生计”,在其前加the,还可指复数名词,指活着的人.
答案:
1.alive 2.alive 3.living 4.alive/living 5.living
2.alone/lonely
(1)Hewas___inthehouse.
(2)Mysisterwenthome___.
(3)Hedoesn'tfeel___whenheisleft___.
(4)Thisisa___mountainvillage.
辨析:
(1)两词都表示“单独”时,侧重点不同.alone强调“独自一人”,而lonely不只指独自一人,而着重“冷清,寂寞”之意.alone作adj.,意为“单独的”,作表语,作adv.意为“独自地”是状语,alone用在名词或代词后,意为“只有,惟有,仅仅”.
(2)lonely一般只用做形容词,表示“孤独的,寂寞的”,在句中可作表语,也可作定语,还可以修饰物,意为“荒凉的”.
答案:
1.alone 2.alone 3.lonely,alone 4.lonely
3.most/mostly
(1)___peopletaketheirholidaysinsummer.
(2)Thatproblemtroubleshim___.
(3)Themedicinewas___sugarandwater.
(4)Ourweatherhasbeen___warm.
辨析:
(1)most可作adj.或pron.,意为“最多的,最大的”(many,much的最高级),还可表示“大多数,大部分”.另外most还可用做adv.意为“非常,很,十分”,用来修饰含有感情色彩和主观意义的形容词和副词,most不可放在动宾之间.
(2)mostly只能用做副词,意为“大多数地”,“主要地”,强调数的概念.
答案:
1.Most 2.most 3.— 4.mostly
4.beforelong/longbefore
(1)Ihopetoseeyou___.
(2)Wesawthatfilm___.
辨析:
(1)beforelong是“不久以后”,long是名词,在句中作状语,往往用于将来时态中.
(2)longbefore是“很久以前”,其中long为adv.,要用在一般过去时中.
答案:
1.beforelong 2.longbefore
5.good/excellent
(1)Lucyisa____girl.
(2)Theseeggsare___.
(3)It'san___film.
(4)Sheis___inEnglish.
辨析:
(1)good为adj.含义很广,表示“好的质量,好的品质”等.
(2)excellent表示“优秀的、杰出的、极好的”,语气最强,相当于verygood,用于肯定句中.
答案:
1.— 2.good 3.— 4.excellent
6.please/pleased/pleasure/pleasant
(1)Wouldyou___sweepthefloor?
(2)Thesephotos___everyone.
(3)Hemustbe___atthisnews.
(4)Theteacherisvery___withourhomework.
(5)Itisa___.
(6)It's___night.
辨析:
(1)please作v.,多用于祈使句中,也可以表示“使高兴,使喜欢”之意.
(2)pleased为adj.,表示“高兴的,喜欢的”,相当于happy或glad,常作表语,与with连用表示“对……感到满意”.
(3)pleasure为n.,意为“愉快,高兴,乐事”.
(4)pleasant为adj.,表示“令人愉快/高兴的”,常作定语、表语.
答案:
1.please 2.pleased 3.pleased 4.pleased 5.pleasure 6.pleasant
7.huge/big/large/great
(1)Helivedina___house.
(2)Theywereallvery___andstrong.
(3)Shallwegotothe___islandorthe
smallestone?
(4)Edisonwasa___Americaninventor.
辨析:
这四个形容词都有“大的”之意,但用法不同.
(1)huge强调尺寸,体积“庞大”(指体积时,比large,great所指的体积大),容量和数量巨大,不强调重量.
(2)big最通俗、常用,强调比正常程度、范围及规模的标准大,常用于修饰人、物或数量,反义词是little或small.
(3)large强调远远超过标准的“大”,可指“数量、容量、体积和面积的大”,比big正式,反义词是small.
(4)great通常指抽象的事物,可表数量、距离和程度的大,修饰人时作“伟大的”解.
答案:
1.huge 2.big 3.largest 4.great
8.when/while/as
(1)___hewalked,hetalked.
(2)___wewerespeaking,hecameup.
(3)Itwasraining___wearrived.
(4)___wegottothemeeting,hehad
alreadygone.
(5)Don'ttalk___youarewatchingTV.
(6)Theywerecleaningthewindows___we
weresweepingthefloor.
辨析:
(1)as强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生,有时可以同when,while通用,往往译为“一边……一边……”
(2)when说明主从句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生.
(3)while常表示一段时间,强调主句的动作在从句动作发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生.
答案:
1.As 2.As(When,While) 3.when 4.When 5.— 6.while
9.interest/interested/interesting
(1)Theboyhasmuch___indrawing.
(2)Thesubjecthasno___forme.
(3)We'llbe___tohearaboutthenews.
=We'llbe___inhearingaboutthenews.
(4)Hetoldusan___story.
(5)Histalkwas___.
辨析:
①interest用作n.,意为“兴趣,趣味”,其主语为人或物均可.
②interested用作adj.,意为“感兴趣的,关心的”,在句中作表语或定语,构成系表结构“beinterested”,其主语只能是人,其后可接不定式,“in+doing”或“in+n.”,表示“对……感兴趣.”
③interesting用作形容词,意为“有趣的,令人感兴趣的”,在句中可以作定语,也可以作表语.主语可以是人,也可以是物.
答案:
1.interest 2.interest 3.interested,interested 4.interesting 5.interesting
10.hearsb.dosth./hearsb.doingsth.
(1)Ioftenhearhim___(sing)thissongintheroom.
(2)Listen!
Canyouhearhim___(sing)thissongintheroom?
辨析:
hearsb.doingsth.意为“听到某人正在做某事”,表示听到的动作正在进行.而hearsb.dosth.则表示听到了动作的全过程.类似的动词还有see,watch,notice等.
答案:
1.sing 2.singing
11.close/near
(1)Theyare___friends.
(2)Didyou___allthedoorsandwindows?
(3)It'sSunday,sotheshopsare___.
(4)Comeandsit___me.
辨析:
①close比near强调“紧挨着”,可指位置、时间、次序和感情上的接近,而near通常没有紧挨的意思,凡指距离近,或不久将发生或实现的事.
②close可作v.,等于shut,意为“关闭,不开放”,可以构成过去分词作定语,修饰名词.
答案:
1.close 2.close 3.closed 4.near
12.because/as/for/since
(1)Shedidn'tcometowork
yesterday___shehadtostayathome
tolookafterhersickmother.
(2)___youarenotfeelingwell,better
stayathome.
(3)___everybodyishere,let'sbeginour
meeting.
(4)Ihadtostopforarest,___Iwas
tootired.
辨析:
①because是从属连词,它引导的原因状语从句表示直接的或明确的原因或理由.语气强,回答why开头的特殊问句.
②as/since也是从属连词,引导的原因状语从句语气较because弱,意为“由于,既然”,表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由,他们往往位于句首.
③for是并列连词,引导一个并列句,语气最弱,表示一种补充说明,不说人们也能知道其原因,for引导的分句只能位于后面.
答案:
1.because 2.As/Since 3.Since 4.for
13.in/on/to
(1)Indiais___Asia.
(2)Shandongis___thenorthofJiangsu.
(3)Japanis___theeastofChina.
辨析:
①in在……里面,在……范围之内.如图示
,AisinB.A属于B.
②on靠近,邻近,相邻.如图示
AisontheeastofB.A在B的东面.
③to表示不相邻,不接壤.如图示
BistothewestofA.B在A的西部.
答案:
1.in 2.on 3.to
14.none/noone
(1)___ofusare/isafraidofdifficulties.
(2)___ofthemoneyismine.
(3)___willmakefriendswithhim.
(4)--What'sinthebuilding?
--___.
辨析:
①none指“三个以上没有一个人或没有一个物(单复数均可)”,动词用单复数均可,一般与of短语连用,表示全部否定.
②noone相当于nobody,只指人,不指物,不与of连用动词只用单数,不能用复数,后面不能接of短语.
③用who,what提问的句子分别用noone(nobody),nothing来回答,用howmany,howmuch提问的句子用none来回答.
答案:
1.— 2.None 3.Noone 4.Nothing
15.however/but/while
(1)Welovepeace,___wearenotafraidofwar.
(2)Hewasill,he,___,decidedtogo.
(3)Somepeoplearerich___othersarepoor.
(4)I'minterestedinsports___mybrotherisfondofmusic.
(5)___colditis,shealwaysgoesswimming.
辨析:
①从词义看,三者相近,均表示上下文之间语气的转折;其中but语气强烈;译作“可是”.
②从词性上看,however作“然而,可是”解,是副词,而but,while是连词,用于连接并列分句.
③从句子位置看,but,while位于两个并列分句之间,而however位置灵活,可位于句首、句中或句尾,而且必须用“,”与句子分开.
答案:
1.but 2.however 3.while 4.while 5.However
16.other/else
(1)Doyouwantanything___?
(2)Where___didyougolastyear?
(3)Doyouhavegotany___questions?
(4)Ihavetwofriends,oneisadriver,the___isanurse.
辨析:
两词都有“其他”、“别的”之意.
①else作形容词或副词,必须放在所修饰词后.
②else也可用在what,who,where,how后,但不可用在when,which之后.
③other放在修饰词的前面,另外还可以作代词,表示“两者中的一个”,与one搭配成“one…theother…”.
答案:
1.else 2.else 3.other 4.other
17.if/whether
(1)Hewillcallyou___hegetsthere.
(2)Idon'tknow___ornothecandoitwell.
(3)Idon'tdecide___tostayortoleave.
(4)Iwonder___itwillbefinetomorrow.
辨析:
(1)if是conj.,意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句,此时若主句为一般将来时,从句仍用一般现在时.
(2)if作“是否”讲,引导宾语从句,时态根据需要确定,可与whether换用.
(3)下列情况只用whether:
A.与ornot连用;B.与不定式连用;C.放在介词后面.
答案:
1.if 2.whether 3.whether 4.ifwhether
18.except/besides/but
(1)Wegotoschooleveryday___Saturday
andSunday.
(2)Allthestudentswenttothe
park___LinTao.
(3)Weareallhere___Mary.
(4)Thewindowisneveropened___inSummer.
辨析:
except从整体中除去一个或一部分,除去的人或物不包括在内,可与but换用.besides在具体的整体外再加一个或一部分,but着重在整体,常用在no,all,nobody,where,who等词后,着重在除去的部分.
答案:
1.except 2.besides/except 3.but/except 4.but
19.because/becauseof
(1)___heisill,heisabsenttoday.
(2)Heisnotatschool___hisillness.
(3)Hecan'tcome___theheavyrain.
(4)Welikephysics___wecanlearnalot
ofideas.
辨析:
because是连词,引导原因状语从句或回答以why开头的问句.而becauseof是复合介词,后跟名词或代词.
答案:
1.Because 2-3.becauseof 4.because
20.pleasant/pleased
(1)Welldone.Iamvery___withit.
(2)Itwascold,butthetripwas___and
peoplewereenjoyingthemselves.
(3)Ihopeyou'llhavea___holiday.
(4)I'mvery___atyoursuccess.
(5)Shehada___lookonherface.
辨析:
pleasant和pleased词性相同(adj.),词义相近,但在用法上却有严格的区别.
①作定语时一般用pleasant,意思是“高兴的”、“愉快的”.
pleasant作表语时,意思是“使人感到高兴(愉快)”,因此句子的主语只能是表示事物的词语,而不能是人.
②pleased一般用作表语,偶尔也能见到用作定语的情况,但在含义上与pleasant不同,是“满意”的意思.pleased在作表语时,意思是“高兴的”、“满意的”,“喜欢的”,含义与glad基本相同.因此句子的主语只能是人,而不能是事物.
答案:
1.pleased 2.pleasant 3.pleasant 4.pleased 5.pleased
21.interesting/interested
(1)Thisstoryisvery___.
(2)Iam___inEnglish.
(3)Whatan___bookitis!
(4)Tombecame___inmaths.
(5)Thisisan___game.
辨析:
①interestingadj.意为“(令人)感兴趣的”,“有趣的”,可以作表语,也可以作定语,作表语时,其主语通常是物.
②interestedadj.意为“感兴趣的”,常用于“be(become)interestedin”这一结构,其主语是人,而不是物.
答案:
1.interesting 2.interested 3.interesting 4.interested 5.interesting
22.clever/bright/wise
(1)Heisa___boy.
(2)A___boylearnsquickly.
(3)Ourclassroomisbigand___.
(4)Heis___atmaths.
(5)ChairmanMaowasa___leader.
辨析:
clever,bright,wise这三个词都含有“聪明”的意思,但各有偏重.
①clever主要指“机灵”、“敏捷”、“聪明”,它侧重于指人的思路敏捷,做事灵巧,具有超过常人的接受力,反应力和判断力.
②bright“聪明的”、“伶俐的”,多用来指儿童或学生,还可以表示光线“明亮的”.
③wise指“英明”、“博学”、“明智”、“有远见”,内含有经验,有学识、有判断力等意思.
答案:
1.clever/bright 2.bright 3.bright 4.clever 5.wise
23.quite/very
(1)I'm___well,thankyou.
(2)Thisbookis___interesting.
(3)I'm___sorrytohearthenews.
(4)He___likesit.
(5)WangLinis___acleverboy.
辨析:
①quite是程度副词,可修饰形容词、副词和动词,表示“相当”、“非常”的意思.在很多情况下可以和very换用.
②very意为“很”、“非常”,也是程度副词,但只能用来修饰形容词和副词.
③在表示悲哀、难过、危险等令人不愉快的形容词或副词前面,一般用very,而不用quite.
④Quiteagoodbook,averygoodbook.相当好的一本书;非常好的一本书.
答案:
1.very/quite 2.very/quite 3.very 4.quite 5.quite
24.quick/fast/soon
(1)Don'tspeakso___.Ican'tfollowyou.
(2)Acarruns___thanabus.
(3)Be___,oryou'llbelate.
(4)Herunsas___ashecan.
(5)He'llbeherevery___.
辨析:
quick/fast/soon这三个词在作副词时,意思都是“快”,但其含义略有区别.
①quick可作形容词也可作副词,一般指动作敏捷和行动迅速,在较短时间内发生或完成某项动作.
②fast,可作形容词也可作副词,一般指运动着的人或物体的速度快.
③soon副词,“不久”,也含有“快”的意思,它侧重于从时间上不久将发生…….
答案:
1.fast 2.faster 3.quick 4.quickly 5.soon
25.glad/happy/pleased
(1)I'm___toseeyou.
(2)Theyarelivinga___lifenow.
(3)I'm___atthenews.
(4)Hesaidhewas___withthecolours.
(5)___birthdaytoyou!
辨析:
①glad“高兴”,表示一种短暂的内心快乐,常用作表语,多用于口语中.
②happy“高兴的”、“幸福的”,特别强调深深感到欢乐或满足.happy表示“高兴”时,可以与glad交换使