文化差异与跨文化交际.ppt

文化差异与跨文化交际.ppt

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Lesson10TheGreenBanana,CulturalGapandInter-culturalCommunication文化差异与跨文化交际,EthnocentrismCulturalChauvinismRelativismRacism,Lesson10TheGreenBanana,II.Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Ethnicreferstoculturalheritage,andcentrismreferstothecentralstartingpointorthetendencyofpeopletoputtheirowngroupatthecenter.Thus,ethnocentrismbasicallyreferstojudgingothergroupsfromonesownculturalpointofview,ormisinterpretingotherculturesbecauseoneusestheconceptsofhisownculture.,Lesson10TheGreenBanana,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Ethnocentrism（种族优越论）,II.Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms,Ethnocentrismcanleadtomakingfalseassumptionsaboutotherswaysbasedononesownlimitedexperience.Thekeywordisassumptions,becausewearenotevenawarethatwearebeingethnocentric.Thatispeopledontunderstandthattheydontunderstand.Forexample,AmericanpeopleoftentalkaboutBritishdriversdrivingonthewrongsideoftheroad.Theydontjustsay,oppositesideorevenlefthandside.Everybodycanbeethnocentric,asallofusaroundtheworldassumethingsaboutotherpeoplesways.,Lesson10TheGreenBanana,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Ethnocentrism（种族优越论）,II.Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms,Ethnocentrismmaymanifestitselfinattitudesofsuperiorityorsometimeshostility.Violence,discrimination,proselytizing,andverbalaggressivenessareothermeanswherebyethnocentrismmaybeexpressed.Whyarepeopleethnocentric?

Itisnormaltoassumethingsonthebasisofonesownexperience,althoughitissometimeswrong.Peoplesperceptionsofcolors,timeframes,valuesonindustriousness,socialroles,andbeliefsaboutLifeandtheUniverseprovideimportantmeaningsindailylife.Therefore,peopleslimitedexperiencestheyhavealreadyhadarethebasisforinterpretingnewexperiences,andinthecaseofothersbehaviors.,Lesson10TheGreenBanana,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Ethnocentrism（种族优越论）,II.Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms,Whatistheproblemwithethnocentrism?

Ethnocentrismleadspeopletomakefalseassumptionsaboutotherpeoples.Peopleareethnocentricwhentheyusetheirculturalnormsasauniversalyardsticktomakegeneralizationsaboutotherpeoplesculturesandcustoms.Peopleofoneculturemayfalselydistortwhatismeaningfulandfunctionaltootherpeoplesthroughhisowntintedglasses.Atthebest,peoplesimplycontinueinhisunawareness.Youmaybewellmeaningininterethnicrelations,butcanunintentionallyoffendothers,generateillfeelings,andevensetupsituationsthatharmothers.Ethnocentrismisevidentininternationalrelations,creatingconflictsandinhibitingresolutionofconflicts.Thereareextremeformsofethnocentrismthatposeserioussocialproblems,suchasracism,chauvinism,andethniccleansing.Theseviewsaregenerallycondemnedbytheworldcommunity,butregularcasescanbeseeninthenews.,Lesson10TheGreenBanana,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Ethnocentrism（种族优越论）,II.Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms,Whatcanwedoaboutethnocentrism?

Addressingethnocentrismisnotamatterofjusttryingnottobeethnocentric.Sincepeoplewillneverexperienceeverylifesituationofeveryonearoundtheworld,assumptionsaboutlifearebasedonexistinglimitedexperience.Amoreeffectivewayistocatchyourselfwhenyouarebeingethnocentricandseektodevelopbetterunderstandings.Oncewerealizethatwearenotunderstanding,wearenowinabetterpositiontoseekmorevalidandbalancedunderstandings.,Lesson10TheGreenBanana,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Ethnocentrism（种族优越论）,II.Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms,ChauvinismisawordderivedfromthenameofNicolasChauvin,asoldieroftheFirstFrenchEmpire.UsedfirstforapassionateadmirationofNapoleon,itnowexpressesexaggeratedandaggressivenationalism.Asasocialphenomenon,chauvinismisessentiallymodern,becomingmarkedintheeraofacutenationalrivalriesandimperialismbeginninginthe19thcentury.Chauvinismexaltsconsciousnessofnationality,spreadshatredofminoritiesandothernations,andisassociatedwithmilitarism,imperialism,andracism.Inthe1960s,theterm“malechauvinist”appearedinthewomensliberationmovement;itisappliedtomaleswhorefusetoregardfemalesasequals.,Lesson10TheGreenBanana,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Chauvinism（沙文主义）,II.Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms,Racismisthebeliefthatraceaccountsfordifferencesinhumancharacterorabilityandthataparticularraceissuperiortoothers.Sometimes,thistermisalsousedtorefertodiscriminationorprejudicebasedonrace.,Lesson10TheGreenBanana,Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.,Racism（种族主义）,II.Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms,Ethnocentrismisoftenlinkedtoasociologicaltheorycalledculturalrelativism.Culturalrelativistsassertthatconceptsareso