高考英语任务型阅读习题及答案.docx
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高考英语任务型阅读习题及答案
一、高中英语任务型阅读
1.任务型阅读
Whydoesn'ttheconductorfacetheaudience?
________Astheonlypersonwithhisbacktotheaudience,theconductorisafigurewhoisbathedinthespotlight,buthiscomplexworkrequiresahighdegreeofmusicalskill,aswellasanabilitytoextractwhathedesiresoutofthegroupofartistsheleads--hisorchestra.
________Apersonmaybecomeaconductorwithoutgraduatingfromtheconductingdepartmentofamusicschoolorstudyinginanykindofconductor'strainingprogram.However,becomingtheconductorofafamousorchestrarequiresagreatdealmorethanwhatisneededmerelytojoinanorchestra.
________Thesenaturallyexamineaconductor'stechniqueandmusicalinterpretationwhileheconductsanorchestrathroughapreparedpieceofmusic,buttheyalsoinvolveasight-readingelement________Theconductorthenhastositinaroomandmemorizethepiecebeforecomingoutandleadingtheorchestrathroughthepiecebymemory.Notonlydoestheconductorhavetomakehisarmandhandmotionproperly,andsignalalltheentrancesofeachinstrument,hehastopointoutintentionalmistakesmadebytheorchestramembersonthespot.
Theleastcapabilitiesaconductormusthaveare:
Theabilitytomemorizeanentirescore.Agoodearfordistinguishingcorrectnotesamongthemusicoftheentireorchestra.________
Oftheconductorsthatmeettheserequirements,thosewithbettermusicalinsightandahigherlevelofcharisma(魅力)willsucceed.
A.Theneedforacommonmusicalstandardbecomesnecessary
B.Theabilitytoleadagroupofprofessionalmusicians
C.Therearemanyconductingcompetitions
D.Forthis,thescoreofmusicisgiventotheconductoronsite
E.Thisishowtheroleoftheconductorcametobeestablished
F.Theroleoftheconductorisinfactnotwellunderstood
G.Therearenoexaminationsforbecomingaconductor
【答案】F;G;C;D;B
【解析】【分析】为什么指挥不面向观众?
本文就这一话题展开介绍了乐队的指挥总是背对着观众的原因,以及成为一名乐队指挥需要哪些方面的能力等。
(1)根据前面的“Whydoesn'ttheconductorfacetheaudience”可知,人们对乐队指挥这一工作不甚了解,再根据本空后的内容推断应选F项。
故答案为F。
(2)根据本空后面的“Apersonmaybecomeaconductorwithoutgraduatingfromtheconductingdepartmentofamusicschoolorstudyinginanykindofconductor'strainingprogram”可知,乐队的指挥不需要毕业于专业的音乐学校或经过相关的训练,与G项的“不用考试”一致。
故答案为G。
(3)根据空格后面的“Thesenaturallyexamineaconductor'stechniqueandmusicalinterpretationwhileheconductsanorchestrathroughapreparedpieceofmusic”,这里的These指的是C项中的competitions。
故答案为C。
(4)根据后面的“Theconductorthenhastositinaroomandmemorizethepiece”,即把音乐的总谱现场给乐队指挥,然后指挥需要现场记忆。
故答案为D。
(5)与前面的“Theabilitytomemorizeanentirescore”中的ability是并列的。
故答案为B。
【点评】此类文体的文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现,文章的衔接手段有:
重复使用某一词语或子范畴词语,使用同义词表达,用总称指代指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体。
使用代词避免重复等。
2.阅读下文并回答问题。
Confidence(自信)isveryimportantindailylife.Itcanhelpyoutodevelopahealthyattitude(态度).Astudyshowsthatthepeoplewhoaremoreconfidentaremuchhappier.Theycanhavemorechancetomakethemselvessuccessful.Whenyouarenotconfidentyoucan'tdowellwhatyouwanttodo.Buthowtobemoreconfident?
Herearesomesuggestions:
Speakloud Youspeakinavoicesolowthatotherpeoplecanhardlyhearyou.Trytospeakloudenoughsothatpeoplecanhearyouclearly.Thehighvoicecanhelpyoubecomemoreconfident.
Playsports Physicalexercisemakesyoutiredbutcompletelyrelaxed.Astrongbodyhelpsyoubefullofconfidence.
Encourageyourself Writedownalistofthingsyoudidduringthedaytoseehowmanythingsyouhavedonewell.Didyoufinishyourhomework?
Didyoutellajokethatmadeeverybodylaugh?
Giveyourselfpraiseforthegoodthingsyou'vedone.
Getridof(消除)fear Fearcomesalongwithfailure(失败).Butit'seasytoovercome(克服)ifyouknowthatfailureispartofyourlife.Don'thideyourheadjustbecauseyousaidsomethingstupidlasttime.Trytostartagainandbelieveyoucandobetter.
Pickupahobby Ifyoulikesinging,singasmuchasyoucan.Insomeways,ahobbycanmakeyououtstanding.Anditwillmakeyouhappyandconfident.
(1)Isconfidenceimportantindailylife?
(2)Whenyoufail,whatcanyoudotogetridoffear?
(3)Whichofthesesuggestionswouldyouliketochoosetobemoreconfident?
Why?
【答案】
(1)Yes.
(2)IcantrytostartagainandbelieveIcandobetter.
(3)选择一个建议回答即可。
说明原由时要有依据。
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了几个如何让自己更自信的方法。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Confidence(自信)isveryimportantindailylife.”可知自信在日常生活中很重要,所以本题的答案为Yes。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Trytostartagainandbelieveyoucandobetter.”可知对于消除恐惧,作者给的方法是尝试重新开始并相信自己可以做得更好。
所以本题答案为IcantrytostartagainandbelieveIcandobetter.
(3)考查推理判断。
本题是开放性问题,选择一个建议回答即可。
说明原由时要有依据。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而做出正确答案。
3.(2019•江苏)请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
TheCostofThinking
Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics,suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.
Thefirstuniquehumancharacteristicisthathumanshaveextraordinarilylargebrainscomparedwithotheranimals.Itseemsobviousthatevolutionshouldselectforlargerbrains.Mammals(哺乳动物)weighingsixtykilogramshaveanaveragebrainsizeof200cm2.Modernmanhasabrainaveraging1200-1400cm2.Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenitcomestobrainpower,moremustbebetter.Unfortunately,thatisnotthecase.
Thefactisthatahugebrainisahugedrain—consumptionofenergy—onthebody.I'snoteasytocarryaround,especiallywhenboxedinsideamassiveskull(倾骨).It'sevenhardertoprovidesenergy.Inmodernman,thebrainaccountsforabout2-3%oftotalbodyweightbutitconsumes25%ofthebody'senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparison,thebrainsofapes(类人猿)requireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy.Earlyhumanspadfortheirlargebrainsintwoways.Firstly,theyspentmoretimeinsearchfood.Secondly,theirmusclesgrewsmallerandweaker.It'shardlyanobviousconclusionthatthisisagoodwaytosurvive.Achimpanzee(黑猩猩)can'twinanargumentwithamodernman,butitcantearthemanapartlikearagdoll.
Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.Standingup,it'seasiertofindfoodorenemies.Inaddition,theirarmsthatareunnecessaryformovingaroundarefreedforotherpurposes,likethrowingstonesorsignaling.Asaresult,humanscanperformverycomplextaskswiththeirhands.
Yetwalkinguprighthasitsdisadvantage.Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonallfoursandhasarelativelysmallhead.Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquiteachallenge,especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra-largeskull.Humankindpaidforitsbroadvisionandskillfulhandsbackachesandpainfulnecks.
Weassumethatalargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimalonearth.Buthumansenjoyedalloftheseadvantagesforafull2millionyearsduringwhichtheyremainedweakandmarginalcreature.Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinconstantfearofmeat-eatinganimals.
TheCostofThinking
Introduction
•Largebrainsfortheirbodiesandtheabilitytowalkuprightaretwo________ofhumanbeings.
The________oflargehumanbrains
•Thelargerbrainsmaynotbebetterbecauseofthecost.
•Thebigbrainsmakeitharderforthebodytomovearoundandconsumemoreenergy.
•Theanimalbrainrequiresless________whenthebodyisatrest.
•Largehumanbrainsconsumemorefood,andweakenmuscles.
The________ofwalkingupright
•Walkinguprightmakesiteasytofindfoodor________againstenemies.
•Freedhandscanservesome________purposeandperformcomplextasks.
•Walkinguprightchallengesthehumanbonestructure,and________thesizeofbrains.
•Walkinguprightresultsin________sufferings.
Conclusion
•Withalargebrain,humanbeings________otherbeingsintermsofintelligence.
•Weakandmarginal,humanbeingsremained________ofmeat-eatinganimals.
【答案】characteristics;disadvantages;energy;impact(s);guard;other;limits;physical;beat;fearful/afraid
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人用大脑思考的代价。
人类与动物相比有两大特点:
大大的大脑和直立行走。
超大的大脑使人类拥有更高的智商,但却消耗巨大的能量。
直立行走让人类擅长寻找食物和抵御敌人,解放了的双手来更复杂的事。
但却让人类遭受腰痛和颈部疼痛等。
人类成为地球上最强大的动物,享受无与伦比的优势,却对食肉动物怀有恐惧。
(1)信息归纳题。
根据第一段“allhumanbeingssharedefiningcharacteristics,suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.”可知,大脑袋和双腿直立行走的能力是人类共有的特点(characteristics)。
故填characteristics。
(2)信息归纳题。
此题就是对第三段内容的总结。
第三段主要叙述了人类的大脑大的缺点。
因此本空格填写disadvantages。
(3)信息来源题。
根据第三段中的“ahugebrainisahugedrain--consumptionofenergy”以及“It(thebrain)consumes25%ofthebody'senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparisonthebrainsofapesrequireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy”可知,人类巨大的大脑是一个巨大的能量消耗。
当身体处于休息时,大脑要消耗25%的身体能量。
相比之下,类人猿的大脑只需要8%的休息时间能量。
人类与动物相比,动物需要的能量(energy)要比人类少。
故填energy。
(4)信息归纳题。
分析空后的75--78小题所在的第五段和第六段的内容可知,此部分主要叙述了直立行走对人类的影响。
故填impact(s)。
(5)信息转换题。
根据第五段的第一句“Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.Standingup,it'seasiertofindfoodorenemies.”可知,另一个独特的人类特征是我们直立行走。
站起来,更容易找到食物或敌人。
找到敌人,就是为了防御敌人。
因为or为连词,在此句中连结两个动词短语,故空格填动词。
“guardagainst...”为固定搭配,意为“防御......”,故填guard。
(6)信息来源题。
根据第五段中的”...theirarmsthatareunnecessaryformoving aroundarefreedforotherpurposes,likethrowingstonesorsignaling.Asaresult,humanscanperformverycomplextaskswiththeirhands.”可知,解放了的双手可以用于做其它的事,即有其它的目的。
故填other。
(7)信息归纳题。
根据第五段“walkinguprighthasdisadvantages.Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonfourandarelativesmallhead.Adjustingtoanupright