语言学样题及答案.docx
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语言学样题及答案
I.Directions:
Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.（2%×10=20%）
1.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof____C___.
A.aparticularlanguage
B.theEnglishlanguage
C.humanlanguagesingeneral
D.thesystemofaparticularlanguage
2.Theconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:
___B____.
A.voiceless,bilabial,stop
B.voiceless清音,labiodental唇齿音,fricative摩擦音
C.voiced,bilabial双唇音,stop闭塞音
D.voiced浊音,labiodental,fricative
3.Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix"ed"intheword"learned"isknownasa（n）___C____.
A.derivationalmorpheme派生词素
B.freemorpheme自由词素
C.inflectionalmorpheme屈折词素
D.freeform自由形态
5."Iboughtsomeroses"____A___"Iboughtsomeflowers".
A.entails
B.presupposes
C.isinconsistentwith不符合
D.issynonymouswith与同义
6.Y'sutterance说话方式inthefollowingconversationexchangeviolates违犯冒犯themaximof___C_____.
X:
Whowasthatyouwerewithlastnight?
Y:
Didyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocks?
A.quality
B.quantity
C.relation
D.manner
7.Changesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,____C___,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed外来词,added,lostoraltered改变.
A.phrases短语
B.sentences
C.morphemes词素
D.utterances话语
8.Predicationanalysis预测分析isawaytoanalyze___D__meaning.
A.phoneme
B.word
C.phrase
D.sentence
9.AccordingtoSearle，thoseillocutionaryacts言外行为whosepointistocommit承诺thespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled__A__.
A.commisives承诺类
B.directives指令类
C.expressives表达类
D.declaratives宣告类
18.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare’splay“RomeoandJuliet”‘Arosebyanyother
namewouldsmellassweet’wellillustrates__A_.
A.theconventional传统性natureoflanguage
B.thecreativenatureoflanguage
C.theuniversalityoflanguage普遍性
D.thearbitrarinessoflanguage
19.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations，only___A____ispermissible可允许的accordingtothe
sequentialrulesinEnglish.
A.kibl
B.bkil
C.ilkb
D.ilbk
20.Syntax句法学isthestudyof___B_____。
A.languagefunctions
B.sentencestructure
C.textualorganization
D.wordformation
21.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadistinctivefeature区别性特征ofhumanlanguage?
D
A.Arbitrariness
B.Productivity
C.Culturaltransmission
D.Finiteness有限性
22.Thespeechacttheory言语行为理论wasfirstputforwardbyB
A.JohnSearle
B.JohnAustin
C.NoamChomsky
D.M.A.KHalliday
23.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsisthenotion概念观念ofD
A.reference
B.meaning
C.antonymy
D.context
24.Thewords“kid,child,offspring后代、子孙”areexamplesofB
A.dialectalsynonyms方言的同义词
B.stylisticsynonyms
C.emotivesynonyms情绪化的同义词
D.collocationalsynonyms
25.Thedistinctionbetweenparole言语andlangue语言wasmadebyD
A.Halliday
B.Chomsky
C.Bloomfield
D.Saussure
26._____referstothestudyoftheinternal内在的、本质structureofwordsandtherulesofthewordformation.
A.Phonology
B.Morphology
C.Semantics
D.Sociolinguistics
27.Thedistinctivefeaturesofaspeechvariety言语变体maybeallthefollowingEXCEPT
A.lexical
B.syntactic
C.phonological
D.Psycholinguistic心理语言学
28.Thewordtailoncereferredtothe“thetailofahorse马尾”,butnowitisusedtomean“thetailofanyanimal”.Thisisanexampleof
A.wideningofmeaning
B.narrowingofmeaning
C.meaningshift
D.lossofmeaning
29.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?
A.Arbitrariness
B.Displacement
.C.Duality
D.Diachronicity
30.Whattypeofsentenceis“Marklikesfiction,butTimisinterestedinpoetry.”?
A.Asimplesentence
B.Acoordinatesentence并列句
C.Acomplexsentence
D,Noneoftheabove
31.Thephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameformiscalled
A.hyponymy
B.synonymy
C.polysemy
D.homonymy
32.Thestudyofthementalprocessesoflanguagecomprehensionandproductionis______.
A.corpuslinguistics语料库语言学
B.sociolinguistics
C.theoreticallinguistics理论语言学
D.Psycholinguistics
33.Aspeciallanguagevarietythatmixeslanguages混合语言andisusedbyspeakersofdifferentlanguagesforpurposesoftradingiscalled____.
A.dialect方言
B.idiolect个人语型
C.pidgin
D.Register语域
34.Whenaspeakerexpresseshisintentionofspeaking,suchasaskingsomeonetoopenthewindow,heisperforming_____.
A.anillocutionaryact言外行为
B.aperlocutionaryact言后行为
C.alocutionaryact言内行为
D.noneoftheabove
35.________referstothelearninganddevelopmentofalanguage.
A.Languageacquisition语言习得
B.Languagecomprehension语言理解
C.Languageproduction语言生成
D.Languageinstruction语言教学
36.Theword“Motel”comesfrom“motor+hotel”.Thisisanexampleof________inmorphology.
A.backformation逆生词法
B.conversion转换法
C.blending混拼词
D.acronym首字母缩略词
37.Languageisttoolofcommunication.Thesymbol“HighwayClosed”onahighwayserves
A.anexpressivefunction表达功能
B.aninformativefunction.信息功能
C.aperformativefunction表演功能
D.apersuasivefunction有说服力的功能
38.＿＿isdefinedasthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandmind.
A.semantics
B.pragmatics
C.cognitivelinguistics认知语言学
D.sociolinguistics
39.Avowelisdifferentfromaconsonant辅音inEnglishbecauseof
A.absenceofobstruction没有阻塞
B.presenceofobstruction存在梗塞
C.mannerofarticulation发音方法
D.placeofarticulation发音部位
40.Thedefinition“theactofusing,orpromotingtheuseof,severallanguages,eitherbyanindividualspeakerorbyacommunityofspeakers”refersto
A.Pidgin
B.Creole克里奥尔语
C.Multilingualism多语制
D.Bilingualism习用两种语言
41.InEnglishifawordbeginswitha［l］ora［r］,thentheneatsoundmustbeavowel.Thisisa（n）
A.assimilationrule通化规则
B.sequentialrule序列规则
C.deletionrule省略规则
D.grammarrule
42.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofclipping?
A.APEC.
B.Motel.
C.Xerox.
D.Disco.
43.Thetypeoflanguagewhichisselectedasappropriatetoaparticulartypeofsituationiscalled
A.register
B.dialect
C.slang
D.variety
Ⅱ.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrue（T）orFalse（F）.（20points,1pointeach）
1.Historicallinguisticsisasynochronicstudyoflanguage.F
2.Thephatic交流感情的functioncanoftenbeentirely完全地personalandtotallywithoutanyimplication含意ofcommunicationtoothers.F
3."Deal"isphoneticallytranscribed转录as[di:
?
].T
4.Phonologyisconcernedwithspeechproductionandspeechperception领悟认识能力.F
5.Theword"bridge"tomeanamethodofplayingcardsisaloanshift词变异fromItalian.T
6.TheEnglishsyllable音节mayhaveasmanyasfourconsonantsinthecodaposition结尾位置.T
7.Intheexample:
“Hecouldn’topenthedoor.Itwaslockedtight”,therelationbetween“thedoor”and“It”isthatofreference.T
8.Positionalrelationsareamanifestation证明ofoneaspectof“PARADIGMATICRELATIONS聚合关系”observedbyF.deSaussure.Insomeelementary基本的linguistictextbooks,theyarealsocalledHORIZONTALRELATIONS横向关系orsimplyCHAINRELATIONS链关系.F
9.OgdenandRichardsarguethattherelationbetweenawordandthingitreferstoisnotdirect.T
10.Gradableantonymy层级性反义词isthesenserelationbetweentwoantonymswhichdifferintermsofdegreewhilecomplementaryantonymyisthesenserelationbetweentwoantonymswhicharecomplementary互补性toeachother.T
11.Speechacttheory言语行为理论isinfactatheoryoftheillocutionaryact言外行为.T
12.Aspeakerflouts轻视theMaximofQuantity数量规则whenhiscontributionstotheconversationarenottruthful.F
13.Alotofissuesinpsycholinguisticsarecontroversial有争议性的.T
14.WhenMr.Goodellsaid'I'vehadenoughdumbbells哑铃inmyoffice'（p.168）,hemeanthehadsomeweightsinhisofficeforpracticingstrength练习强度.F
15.'Foregrounding'前台操作前台设制referstospecificlinguisticdevices,i.e.,deviation偏差andparallelism平行类似,whichareusedinliterarytexts.T
16.CALLreferstotheuseofacomputerintheteachingorlearningofasecondorforeignlanguage.T
17.Inhisstandardtheory标准理论,N.Chomskygaveupthetermsof"deepstructure"and"surfacestructure".F
18.Nowadaysintheliterature,theterm“contrastiveanalysis对比分析”isgraduallybeenreplacedby“thestudyofcross-linguisticinfluences跨语言的影响”.T
19.Incross-culturalcommunication跨文化交际,whenpeoplehavetroubleanddonotknowhowtobehavecorrectly,theytendtoturntotheirsourcecultureforhelp.Thisisastrategy策略oftenusedbycommunicators传播者inanewculturalsetting,whileitmaynotalwayswork.T
20.Itisindeednecessarytoreconsider重新讨论howmuchwe,ashumanbeings,reallyunderstandaboutthenatureoflanguageanditsroleinourlife.T
21.Historicallinguistics历史语言学isasynochronicstudyoflanguage.F
22.OgdenandRichardsarguethattherelationbetweenawordandthingitreferstoisnotdirect.T
23.Gradableantonymyisthesenserelationbetweentwoantonymswhichdifferintermsofdegreewhilecomplementaryantonymyisthesenserelationbetweentwoantonymswhicharecomplementarytoeachother.T
24.AspeakerfloutstheMaximofQuantitywhenhiscontributionstotheconversationarenottruthful.F
25.Thereisonlyoneargumentinthesentence“Childrenplaybasketball.”F
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