TPO2阅读详细答案doc.docx

TPO2阅读详细答案doc.docx

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TPO2阅读详细答案doc

TP02阅读详细答案

TheOriginsofAgriculture

Paragraph1:

Howdiditcomeaboutthatfarmingdevelopedindependentlyinanumberofworldcenters（theSoutheastAsianmainland,SouthwestAsia,CentralAmerica,lowlandandhighlandSouthAmerica,andequatorialAfrica）atmoreorlessthesametime?

Agriculturedevelopedslowlyamongpopulationsthathadanextensiveknowledgeofplantsandanimals.Changingfromhuntingandgatheringtoagriculturehadnoimmediateadvantages.Tostartwith,itforcedthepopulationtoabandonthenomad'slifeandbecamesedentary,todevelopmethodsofstorageand,often,systemsofirrigation.Whilehunter-gatherersalwayshadtheoptionofmovingelsewherewhentheresourceswereexhausted,thisbecamemoredifficultwithfarming.Furthermore,asthearchaeologicalrecordshows,thestateofhealthofagriculturalistswasworsethanthatoftheircontemporaryhunter-gatherers.

l.Theword"option"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

Ochoice

Obenefit

Oidea

Oexperience

题型：

词汇题解题思路：

option是一个简单词汇，意思为〃选择〃，所以A项正确。

重点句子翻译：

Whilehunter-gatherersalwayshadtheoptionofmovingelsewherewhentheresourceswereexhausted,thisbecamemoredifficultwithfarming.

然而，当自然资源枯竭的时候，狩猎者永远可以选择搬到别处去，这使得种地变得更加困难。

2.Accordingtoparagraph1,allofthefollowingareadvantagesofhuntingandgatheringoveragricultureEXCEPT:

OItisahealthierIifestyle.

OItrequireslessknowledgeofplantsandanimals.

OItdoesnotneedstoragecapabilities.

OItisnottiedtoanyspecificlocation.

题型:

排除列举题

定位词:

advantagesofhuntingandgatheringoveragriculture

解题思路：

根据定位词定位回原文A项对应"thestateofhealthofagriculturalistswasworsethanthatoftheircontemporaryhunter-gatherers'1;C项又寸应"todevelopmethodsofstorage";D项又寸应"hunter-gatherersalwayshadtheoptionofmovingelsewhere"zB项原文未提及，为正确选项。

Paragraph2:

Traditionally,itwasbelievedthatthetransitiontoagriculturewastheresultofaworldwidepopulationcrisis.Itwasarguedthatoncehunter-gatherershadoccupiedthewholeworld,thepopulationstartedtogroweverywhereandfoodbecamescarce;agriculturewouldhavebeenasolutiontothisproblem.Weknow,however,thatcontemporaryhunter-gatherersocietiescontroltheirpopulationinavarietyofways.Theideaofaworldpopulationcrisisisthereforeunlikely,althoughpopulationpressuremighthaveariseninsomeareas.

3.Theword"therefore"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

Ointheory

Oobviously

Ofrequently

Oasaresult

题型：

词汇题

解题思路：

therefore是一个简单词汇，表示一种结果。

所以D项正确。

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewayparagraph2isorganized?

OApossibleexplanationforaphenomenonispresentedandthencriticized.

OTwosimilarwaysofaccountingforapuzzlingfactareconsidered.

OEarlysocieties'responsetoaproblemiscontrastedwithcontemporarysocieties'response.

OAprehistoricdevelopmentisfirstexplainedintraditionaltermsandthenincontemporaryterms.

题型:

修辞目的题

解题思路：

在本段中，文章开头引入了一个社会向农业方向转变的原因-populationcrisis,中间however—词说明作者的态度发生了转变结尾说到这个理论是unlikely的，所以本段结构是先为一种现象提供了一种解释，随后反驳。

A项正确。

Paragraph3:

Climaticchangesattheendoftheglacialperiod13z000yearsagohavebeenproposedtoaccountfortheemergenceoffarming.Thetemperatureincreaseddramaticallyinashortperiodoftime（yearsratherthancenturies）,allowingforagrowthofthehunting-gatheringpopulationduetotheabundanceofresources.Therewere,however,fluctuationsintheclimaticconditions,withtheconsequencesthatwetconditionswerefollowedbydryones,sothattheavailabilityofplantsandanimalsoscillatedbrusquely.

5.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?

Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

OTheresourcesneededbythegrowinghuntingandgatheringpopulationincreasedrapidlyoncetemperaturesrose.

ODramatictemperatureincreasesandthesimultaneousgrowthofthehuntingandgatheringpopulationledtotheneedformoreresources.

OHighertemperaturesledtotheexistenceofincreasedresources,thusenablingthehuntingandgatheringpopulationtogrow.

OThedramatictemperatureincreaseoccurredduringthefewyearswhenabundantresourcesallowedthehuntingandgatheringpopulationtogrow.题型:

句子简化题

解题思路:

原句中没有明显的逻辑关系，抓住句子的主干：

升高的温度使自然资源更加丰富，导致了捕猎人口数量的增加。

选项C抓住了原句主干，所以C项正确。

重点句子翻译：

Thetemperatureincreaseddramaticallyinashortperiodoftime（yearsratherthancenturies）zallowingforagrowthofthehunting・gatheringpopulationduetotheabundanceofresources.

气温在一个很短的时间急剧增加（年，而不是世纪）,由于自然资源充足使得狩猎人口大量增长。

6.Accordingtoparagraph3,theabundanceofresourcesfluctuatedsharplyaftertheendoftheglacialperiodbecause

0locallyabundantresourceswerequicklyexhaustedbyhunter-gatherers

Othetemperaturebecamemuchhigherinsomeareasoverothers

Odifferenttypesofplantsandanimalsbecameavailableastheclimatechanged

Otheamountofrainfallvariedradicallyfromoneperiodtothenext

题型：

细节题

定位词:

theabundaneeofresourcesfluctuatedsharplyaftertheendoftheglacialperiod

解题思路：

最后一句中"theavailabilityofplantsandanimalsoscillatedbrusquely"是定位词的同义改写，所以答案就是这句话中说的雨季、旱季的更替使得动植物剧烈波动。

所以选项D正确。

重点句子翻译：

Therewere,however,fluctuationsintheclimaticconditions,withtheconsequencesthatwetconditionswerefollowedbydryones,sothattheavailabilityofplantsandanimalsoscillatedbrusquely.

然而,气候条件的波动带来的潮湿、干旱的更替，使得动植物资源剧烈波动。

Paragraph4:

Itwouldappearthattheinstabilityoftheclimaticconditionsledpopulationsthathadoriginallybeennomadictosettledownanddevelopasedentarystyleoflife,whichledinturntopopulationgrowthandtotheneedtoincreasetheamountoffoodavailable.Farmingoriginatedintheseconditions.Lateron,itbecameverydifficulttochangebecauseofthesignificantexpansionofthesepopulations.Itcouldbeargued,however,thattheseconditionsarenotsufficienttoexplaintheoriginsofagriculture.Earthhadexperiencedpreviousperiodsofclimaticchange,andyetagriculturehadnotbeendeveloped.

7.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph4thatitwasdifficultforpeopletochangefromfarmingbacktohuntingandgatheringbecause

Opeoplehadbecomemoreusedtodifferenttypesoffood

Oclimaticconditionswerenolongerfavorableforhuntingandgathering

OpopulationshadbecometoolargetobesupportedbyhuntingandgatheringOthefarmer'ssedentarylifewaseasierthanthehunter-gatherer'snomadiclife题型:

推理题

定位词:

thatitwasdifficultforpeopletochangefromfarmingbacktohuntingandgathering

解题思路：

根据定位词定位至!

J"becauseofthesignificantexpansionofthesepopulations",可以推测出人口的剧烈扩张使得捕猎不再适应于人们的生活方式。

所以C

项正确。

重点句子翻译：

Lateron,itbecameverydifficulttochangebecauseofthesignificantexpansionofthesepopulations.

后来，它变得很难改变，因为这些人口大幅增长。

Paragraph4:

Itwouldappearthattheinstabilityoftheclimaticconditionsledpopulationsthathadoriginallybeennomadictosettledownanddevelopasedentarystyleoflife,whichledinturntopopulationgrowthandtotheneedtoincreasetheamountoffoodavailable.Farmingoriginatedintheseconditions.Lateron,itbecameverydifficulttochangebecauseofthesign讦icantexpansionofthesepopulations.Itcouldbeargued,however,thattheseconditionsarenotsufficienttoexplaintheoriginsofagriculture.Earthhadexperiencedpreviousperiodsofclimaticchange,andyetagriculturehadnotbeendeveloped.

8.Whydoestheauthorstatethat"Earthhadexperiencedpreviousperiodsofclimaticchange,andyetagriculturehadnotbeendeveloped"?

OTosuggestthatclimatechangehadoccurredlongbeforethedevelopmentofagriculture

OToarguethatclimatechangedoesnotproperlyexplainwhyagriculturedeveloped

OTochallengetheassumptionthatagriculturedevelopedonlyinsomepartsoftheworld

OToquestiontheclaimthatclimatechangeoccurredatthetimewhenagriculturedeveloped

题型:

修辞目的题解题思路：

论据是为了证明论点而存在的，题干句的前一句是一个论点，说这些条件不足以解释农业的起源，这一论点是反驳本段开头的观点即气候条件的变化导致农业发展的，所以B项正确。

重点句子翻译：

Itcouldbeargued,however,thattheseconditionsarenotsufficienttoexplaintheoriginsofagriculture.

但是，会有争论说这些条件不足以解释农业的起源。

Paragraph5:

ItisarchaeologistStevenMithen'sthesis,brilliantlydevelopedinhisbookThePrehistoryoftheMind（1996）,thatapproximately40,000yearsagothehumanminddevelopedcognitivefluidity,thatis,theintegrationofthespecializationsofthemind:

technical,naturalhistory（gearedtounderstandingthebehavioranddistributionofnaturalresources）,socialintelligence,andthelinguisticcapacity.Cognitivefluidityexplainstheappearanceofart,religion,andsophisticatedspeech.Oncehumanspossessedsuchamind,theywereabletofindanimaginativesolutiontoasituationofsevereeconomiccrisissuchasthefarmingdilemmadescribedearlier.Mithenproposestheexistenceoffourmentaielementstoaccountfortheemergeneeoffarming:

（1）theabilitytodeveloptoolsthatcouldbeusedintensivelytoharvestandprocessplantresources;

（2）thetendencytouseplantsandanimalsasthemediumtoacquiresocialprestigeandpower;（3）thetendencytodevelop"socialrelationships"withanimalsstructurallysimilartothosedevelopedwithpeople——specifically,theabilitytothinkofanimalsaspeople（anthropomorphism）andofpeopleasanimals（totemism）;and（4）thetendencytomanipulateplantsandanimals.

9.Theword"imaginative"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

Ocomplex

Ocreative

Oimmediate

Oreliable

题型：

词汇题

解题思路:

imaginative来自于名词imagine（想像），所以其形容词意思为〃有想像力的"，B项正确。

Paragraph5:

ItisarchaeologistStevenMithen'sthesis,brilliantlydevelopedinhisbookThePrehistoryoftheMind（1996）,thatapproximately