上海交大考博英语试题及答案.docx
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上海交大考博英语试题及答案
上海交大2013年考博英语试题及答案
2013-8-21 来源：
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2013年上海交大考博英语试题及部分答案
第一篇
Therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseeds.Therearealsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae（幼虫）.Inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdrought（干旱）intheformofinactiveeggs.Thesearetheshrimps（小虾）thatliveintheMojaveDesert,anintenselydryregioninthesouth-westoftheUnitedStateswhereshadetemperaturesofover50Careoftenrecorded.
TheeggsoftheMojaveshrimpsarethesizeandhavetheappearanceofgrainsofsand.Whensufficientspringrainfallstoformalake,onceeverytwotofiveyears,theseeggshatch（孵化）.Thenthewaterissoonfilledwithmillionsoftinyshrimpsaboutamillimetrelongwhichfeedontinyplantandanimalorganismswhichalsogrowinthetemporarydesertlake.Withinaweek,theshrimpsgrowfromtheiroriginal1millimetretoalengthofabout1.5centimetres.
Throughoutthetimethattheshrimpsarerapidlymaturing,thewaterinthelakeequallyrapidlyevaporates.Therefore,fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime.Bythetwelfthday,however,whentheyareabout3centimetrelong,hundredsoftinyeggsformontheunderbodiesofthefemales.Usuallybythistime,allthatremainsofthelakeisalarge,muddypatchofwetsoil.Onthethirteenthdayandthenext,duringthefinalhoursoftheirbrieflives,theshrimpslaytheireggsinthemud.Then,havingensuredthattheirspecieswillsurvive,theshrimpsdieasthelastofthewaterevaporates.
Ifsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlake,theeggshatch,andonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowth,adulthood,egg-laying,anddeath.Someyearsthereisinsufficientraintoformalake:
inthiscase,theeggswillremaindormantforanotheryears,orevenlongerifnecessary.Very,veryoccasionally,perhapstwiceinahundredyears,sufficientrainfallstoformadeeplakethatlastsamonthormore.Inthiscase,thespeciespassesthroughtwocyclesofgrowth,egg-laying,anddeath.Thus,onsuchoccasions,thespeciesmultipliesconsiderably,whichfurtherensuresitssurvival.
1.WhichofthefollowingistheMOSTdistinctivefeatureofMojaveshrimps?
A）Theirlivesarebrief.
B）Theyfeedonplantandanimalorganisms.
C）Theireggscansurviveyearsofdought.
D）Theylaytheireggsinthemud.
2.Bysaying"fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime"（Para.3,Line2）theauthormeans_____.
A）theyhavetoswimfasttoavoiddangerintherapidlyevaporatinglake
B）theyhavetoswimfasttocatchtheanimalorganismsonwhichtheysurvive
C）theyhavetomultiplyasmanyaspossiblewithinthirteendays
D）theyhavetocompletetheirlifecyclewithinashortspanoftimepermittedbytheenvironment'
3.Thepassagemainlydealswith_____.
A）thelifespanoftheMojaveshrimps
B）thesurvivalofdesertshrimps
C）theimportanceofwatertolife
D）lifeintheMojaveDesert
4.Theword"dormant"（Para.4,Line3）mostprobablymeans______.
A）inactive
B）strong
C）alert
D）soft
5.Itmaybeinferredfromthepassagethat______.
A）appearanceandsizearemostimportantforlifetosurviveinthedesert
B）aspeciesmustbeabletomultiplyquicklyinordertosurvive
C）forsomespeciesonelifecycleinayearisenoughtosurvivethedesertdrought
D）somespeciesdevelopauniquelifepatterntosurviveinextremelyharshconditions
答案：
1.C2.D3.B4.A5.D
上海交大2013年考博英语试题及部分答案
发布日期：
2013-04-01
上海交大2013年考博英语试题及部分答案
第一篇
Therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseeds.Therearealsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae（幼虫）.Inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdrought（干旱）intheformofinactiveeggs.Thesearetheshrimps（小虾）thatliveintheMojaveDesert,anintenselydryregioninthesouth-westoftheUnitedStateswhereshadetemperaturesofover50Careoftenrecorded.
TheeggsoftheMojaveshrimpsarethesizeandhavetheappearanceofgrainsofsand.Whensufficientspringrainfallstoformalake,onceeverytwotofiveyears,theseeggshatch（孵化）.Thenthewaterissoonfilledwithmillionsoftinyshrimpsaboutamillimetrelongwhichfeedontinyplantandanimalorganismswhichalsogrowinthetemporarydesertlake.Withinaweek,theshrimpsgrowfromtheiroriginal1millimetretoalengthofabout1.5centimetres.
Throughoutthetimethattheshrimpsarerapidlymaturing,thewaterinthelakeequallyrapidlyevaporates.Therefore,fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime.Bythetwelfthday,however,whentheyareabout3centimetrelong,hundredsoftinyeggsformontheunderbodiesofthefemales.Usuallybythistime,allthatremainsofthelakeisalarge,muddypatchofwetsoil.Onthethirteenthdayandthenext,duringthefinalhoursoftheirbrieflives,theshrimpslaytheireggsinthemud.Then,havingensuredthattheirspecieswillsurvive,theshrimpsdieasthelastofthewaterevaporates.
Ifsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlake,theeggshatch,andonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowth,adulthood,egg-laying,anddeath.Someyearsthereisinsufficientraintoformalake:
inthiscase,theeggswillremaindormantforanotheryears,orevenlongerifnecessary.Very,veryoccasionally,perhapstwiceinahundredyears,sufficientrainfallstoformadeeplakethatlastsamonthormore.Inthiscase,thespeciespassesthroughtwocyclesofgrowth,egg-laying,anddeath.Thus,onsuchoccasions,thespeciesmultipliesconsiderably,whichfurtherensuresitssurvival.
1.WhichofthefollowingistheMOSTdistinctivefeatureofMojaveshrimps?
A）Theirlivesarebrief.
B）Theyfeedonplantandanimalorganisms.
C）Theireggscansurviveyearsofdought.
D）Theylaytheireggsinthemud.
2.Bysaying"fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime"（Para.3,Line2）theauthormeans_____.
A）theyhavetoswimfasttoavoiddangerintherapidlyevaporatinglake
B）theyhavetoswimfasttocatchtheanimalorganismsonwhichtheysurvive
C）theyhavetomultiplyasmanyaspossiblewithinthirteendays
D）theyhavetocompletetheirlifecyclewithinashortspanoftimepermittedbytheenvironment'
3.Thepassagemainlydealswith_____.
A）thelifespanoftheMojaveshrimps
B）thesurvivalofdesertshrimps
C）theimportanceofwatertolife
D）lifeintheMojaveDesert
4.Theword"dormant"（Para.4,Line3）mostprobablymeans______.
A）inactive
B）strong
C）alert
D）soft
5.Itmaybeinferredfromthepassagethat______.
A）appearanceandsizearemostimportantforlifetosurviveinthedesert
B）aspeciesmustbeabletomultiplyquicklyinordertosurvive
C）forsomespeciesonelifecycleinayearisenoughtosurvivethedesertdrought
D）somespeciesdevelopauniquelifepatterntosurviveinextremelyharshconditions
答案：
1.C2.D3.B4.A5.D
第二篇
TheWelshlanguagehasalwaysbeentheultimatemarkerofWelshidentity,butagenerationagoitlookedasifWelshwouldgothewayofManx.oncewidelyspokenontheisleofManbutnowextinct.Governmentfinancingandcentralplanning,however,havehelpedreversethedeclineofWelsh.RoadsignsandofficialpublicdocumentsarewritteninbothWelshandEnglish,andschoolchildrenarerequiredtolearnbothlanguages.WelshisnowoneofthemostsuccessfulofEurope’sregionallanguages,spokenbymorethanahalf-millionofthecountry’sthreemillionpeople.
Therevivalofthelanguage,particularlyamongyoungpeople,ispartofaresurgenceofnationalidentitysweepingthroughthissmall,proudnation.LastmonthWalesmarkedthesecondanniversaryoftheopeningoftheNationalAssembly,thefirstparliamenttobeconvenedheresince1404.TheideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom.Withmostofthepeopleandwealth,Englandhasalwayshadbraggingrights.ThepartialtransferoflegislativepowersfromWestminster,implementedbyTonyBlair,wasdesignedtogivetheothermembersoftheclub-Scotland,NorthernIreland,andWales-abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalforcesthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion.
TheWelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution.WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforaWelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent.Itspowerswereproportionatelylimited.TheAssemblycandecidehowmoneyfromWestminsterortheEuropeanUnionisspent.Itcannot,unlikeitscounterpartinEdinburgh,enactlaws.Butnowthatitishere,theWelsharegrowingtoliketheirAssembly.Manypeoplewouldlikeittohavemorepowers.Itsimportanceasfigureheadwillgrowwiththeopeningin2003,ofanewdebatingchamber,oneofmanynewbuildingsthataretransformingCardifffromadecayingseaportintoaBaltimore-stylewaterfrontcity.MeanwhileagrantofnearlytwomilliondollarsfromtheEuropeanUnionwilltacklepoverty.WalesisoneofthepoorestregionsinWesternEurope-onlySpain,Portugal,andGreecehavealowerstandardofliving.
NewspapersandmagazinesarefilledwithstoriesaboutgreatWelshmenandwomen,boostingself-esteem.TofamiliarfacessuchasDylanThomasandRichardBurt
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