大学英语四级模拟题05及答案.docx
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大学英语四级模拟题05及答案
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicChoosinganOccupation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:
1.选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。
2.需要花时间去选择职业。
3.选择职业时可以向多人寻求建议和帮助。
ChoosinganOccupation
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestiononAnswerSheet1.
Forquestions1-7,mark
Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;
N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;
NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.
Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
WillWeRunOutofWater?
Picturea"ghostship"sinkingintothesand,lefttorotondrylandbyarecedingsea.Thenimagineduststormssweepinguptoxicpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersfromthedryseabedandspewingthemacrosstownsandvillages.
Seemlikeascenefromamovieabouttheendoftheworld?
ForpeoplelivingneartheAralSeainCentralAsia,it'salltooreal.Thirtyyearsago,governmentplannersdivertedtheriversthatflowintotheseainordertoirrigate(providewaterfor)farmland.Asaresult,theseahasshrunktohalfitsoriginalsize,strandingshipsondryland.Theseawaterhastripledinsaltcontentandbecomepolluted,killingall24nativespeciesoffish.
Similarlargescaleeffortstoredirectwaterinotherpartsoftheworldhavealsoendedinecologicalcrisis,accordingtonumerousenvironmentalgroups.Butmanycountriescontinuetobuildmassivedamsandirrigationsystems,eventhoughsuchprojectscancreatemoreproblemsthantheyfix.Why?
Peopleinmanypartsoftheworldaredesperateforwater,andmorepeoplewillneedmorewaterinthenextcentury.
"Growingpopulationswillworsenproblemswithwater,"saysPeterH.Gleick,anenvironmentalscientistatthePacificInstituteforstudiesinDevelopment,Environment,andSecurity,aresearchorganizationinCalifornia.Hefearsthatbytheyear2025,asmanyasonethirdoftheworld'sprojected8.3billionpeoplewillsufferfromwatershortages.
WhereWaterGoes
Only2.5percentofallwateronEarthisfreshwater,watersuitablefordrinkingandgrowingfood,saysSandraPostel,directoroftheGlobalWaterPolicyProjectinAmherst,Mass.Twothirdsofthisfreshwaterislockedinglaciersandicecaps.Infact,onlyatinypercentageoffreshwaterispartofthewatercycle,inwhichwaterevaporatesandrisesintotheatmosphere,thencondensesandfallsbacktoEarthasprecipitation(rainorsnow).
Someprecipitationrunsofflandtolakesandoceans,andsomebecomesgroundwater,waterthatseepsintotheearth.MuchofthisrenewablefreshwaterendsupinremoteplacesliketheAmazonriverbasininBrazil,wherefewpeoplelive.Infact,theworld'spopulationhasaccesstoonly12,500cubickilometersoffreshwater-abouttheamountofwaterinLakeSuperior.Andpeopleusehalfofthisamountalready."Ifwaterdemandcontinuestoclimbrapidly,"saysPostel,"therewillbesevereshortagesanddamagetotheaquaticenvironment."
ClosetoHome
WaterwoesmayseemremotetopeoplelivinginrichcountriesliketheUnitedStates.ButAmericanscouldfaceseriouswatershortages,tooespeciallyinareasthatrelyongroundwater.Groundwateraccumulatesinaquifers,layersofsandandgravelthatliebetweensoilandbedrock.(Foreveryliterofsurfacewater,morethan90litersarehiddenunderground).AlthoughtheUnitedStateshaslargeaquifers,farmers,ranchers,andcitiesaretappingmanyofthemforwaterfasterthannaturecanreplenishit.InnorthwestTexas,forexample,overpumpinghasshrunkgroundwatersuppliesby25percent,accordingtoPostel.
Americansmayfaceevenmoreurgentproblemsfrompollution.DrinkingwaterintheUnitedStatesisgenerallysafeandmeetshighstandards.Nevertheless,oneinfiveAmericanseverydayunknowinglydrinkstapwatercontaminatedwithbacteriaandchemicalwastes,accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.InMilwaukee,400,000peoplefellillin1993afterdrinkingtapwatertaintedwithcryptosporidium,amicrobethatcausesfever,diarrheaandvomiting.
TheSource
Wheresocontaminantscomefrom?
Indevelopingcountries,peopledumprawsewageintothesamestreamsandriversfromwhichtheydrawwaterfordrinkingandcooking;about250millionpeopleayeargetsickfromwaterbornediseases.
Indevelopedcountries,manufacturersuse100,000chemicalcompoundstomakeawiderangeofproducts.Toxicchemicalspollutewaterwhenreleaseduntreatedintoriversandlakes.(Certaincompounds,suchaspolychlorinatedbiphenyls,orPCBs,havebeenbannedintheUnitedStates.)
Butalmosteveryonecontributestowaterpollution.Peopleoftenpourhouseholdcleaners,carantifreeze,andpaintthinnersdownthedrain;Allofthesecontainhazardouschemicals.ScientistsstudyingwaterintheSanFranciscoBayreportedin1996that70percentofthepollutantscouldbetracedtohouseholdwaste.
Farmershavebeencriticizedforoverusingherbicidesandpesticides,chemicalsthatkillweedsandinsectsbutinsectsbutthatpolluteswateraswell.Farmersalsousenitrates,nitrogenrichfertilizerthathelpsplantsgrowbutthatcanwreakhavocontheenvironment.Nitratesaresweptawaybysurfacerunofftolakesandseas.Toomanynitrates"overenrich"thesebodiesofwater,encouragingthebuildupofalgae,ormicroscopicplantsthatliveonthesurfaceofthewater.Algaedeprivethewaterofoxygenthatfishneedtosurvive,attimeschokingofflifeinanentirebodyofwater.
What'stheSolution?
WaterexpertGleickadvocatesconservationandlocalsolutionstowaterrelatedproblems;governments,forinstance,wouldbebetteroffbuildingsmallscaledamsratherthanhugeanddisruptiveprojectsliketheonethatruinedtheAralSea.
"Morethan1billionpeopleworldwidedon'thaveaccesstobasiccleandrinkingwater,"saysGleick."Therehastobeastrongpushonthepartofeveryonegovernmentsandordinarypeople-tomakesurewehavearesourcesofundamentaltolife."
1.ThatthehugewaterprojectshavedivertedtheriverscausestheAralSeatoshrink.
2.Theconstructionofmassivedamsandirrigationprojectsdoesmoregoodthanharm.
3.Thechiefcausesofwatershortagearepopulationgrowthandwaterpollution.
4.TheproblemsAmericansfaceconcerningwateraregroundwatershrinkageandtapwaterpollution.
5.Accordingtothepassageallwaterpollutantscomefromhouseholdwaste.
6.ThepeoplelivingintheUnitedStateswillnotbefacedwithwatershortages.
7.WaterexpertGleickhascomeupwiththebestsolutiontowaterrelatedproblems.
1.[Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]4.[Y][N][NG]
5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]7.[Y][N][NG]
8.AccordingtoPeterH.Gleick,bytheyear2025,asmanyasoftheworld'speoplewillsufferfromwatershortages.
9.TwothirdsofthefreshwateronEarthislockedin.
10.Indevelopedcountries,beforetoxicchemicalsarereleasedintoriversandlakes,theyshouldbetreatedinordertoavoid.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
11.[A]Waitforthesaletostart.[B]Getfurtherinformationaboutthesale.
[C]CalltheTVstationtobesureiftheadistrue.[D]Buyanewsuit.
12.[A]Hedoesn'tthinkthatJohnisill.
[B]HethinksthatperhapsJohnisnotinverygoodhealth.
[C]HeisawarethatJohnisill.
[D]Hedoesn'tthinkthatJohnhasaverygoodknowledgeofphysics.
13.[A]Beforesix.[B]Atsix.[C]Aftersix.[D]Afterseven.
14.[A]Itisbigger.[B]Itisofaprettiercolor.
[C]Ithasalargeryard.[D]Itisbrighter.
15.[A]AustralianandAmerican.[B]Guestandhost.
[C]Husbandandwife.[D]Professorandstudent.
16.[A]1∶30[B]11∶00[C]9∶30[D]10∶00
17.[A]Heprefersstayingathomebecausethebusistoolate.
[B]Heprefersstayingathomebecausehedoesn'tliketotravel.
[C]Hepreferstakingabusbecausetheplanemakeshimnervous.
[D]Hepreferstravelingwiththewoman.
18.[A]Hethinkssheshouldvisithercousin.
[B]Hercousindoesn'tvisitveryoften.
[C]Hercousinisfeelingalotbettertoday.
[D]Hedoesn'tthinkhercousinhasbeenathometoday.
Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
19.[A]Twodifferenttypesofbonesinthehumanbody.
[B]Howboneshelpthebodymove.
[C]Howbonescontinuouslyrepairthemselves.
[D]Thechemicalcompositionofhumanbones.
20.[A]Theydefendtheboneagainstviruses.
[B]Theypreventoxygenfromenteringthebone.
[C]Theybreakdownbonetissue.
[D]Theyconnectthebonetomuscletissue.
21.[A]Theyhavedifficultyidentifyingthesecells.
[B]Theyaren'tsurehowthesecellswork.
[C]They'velearnedhowtoreproducethesecells.
[D]They'vefoundsimilarcellsinotherspecies.
22.[A]Tolearnhowtopreventabonedisease.
[B]Tounderstanddifferencesbetweenbonetissueandothertissue.
[C]Tofindouthowspecializedbonecellshaveevolved.
[D]Tocreateartificialbonetissue
Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
23.[A]Anewfuelforbuses.[B]Th