专题二 第四节 一.docx
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专题二第四节一
第四节 主旨大意题
一、标题归纳题
(2019·全国Ⅲ,B)
ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.
“It’snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesigners,”saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.
Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChinainspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.
“Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,”saysHill.“Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.”Ofcourse,notonlyaretoday’stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.“VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs—andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,”addsHill.
ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion.“ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,”shesays.“Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina—itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。
文章以国外视角介绍中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响,展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。
24.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?
A.Itpromotedthesalesofartworks.
B.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.
C.ItshowedancientChineseclothes.
D.ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段最后一句“Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.”可知,这次在纽约的展览拥有破纪录的出席人数,故选B。
25.WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?
A.Theyaresettingthefashion.
B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.
C.Theyadmiresupermodels.
D.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第四段第二句可知,中国女性不仅是时尚的消费者,她们还是时尚发展的核心。
据此可知答案为A。
26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“takingon”inParagraph4mean?
A.Learningfrom.B.Lookingdownon.
C.Workingwith.D.Competingagainst.
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。
根据第四段最后一句中的“VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs—andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales”可知,三位中国最优秀的时装设计者在设计和销量方面击败了三位顶尖的西方设计师,据此可推知takeon在该句中表示“与……较量”,故选D。
27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorld
B.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYork
C.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAesthetics
D.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。
通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响,展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。
故D项作为文章标题最合适。
一、题型解读
记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。
设问形式常有:
(1)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?
(2)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/text?
(3)Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?
(4)Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis“”.
一个好的标题应具备三大特点:
概括——准确而又简短;针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符;醒目——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
二、解题技巧
1.“高度概括”定标题
(1)所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。
标题是文章的点睛之笔,是文章的灵魂和门面。
为吸引读者的注意,标题往往比较醒目。
(2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断,但在某些文章中,如记叙文,没有明确的主题句,需要根据文中的事实细节,查找文章的“主线”,归纳出文章的主题。
2.文章标题三特点
(1)形式一般为单词、短语或句子,短语居多;
(2)短小精悍,精确性强;
(3)涵盖性强,能覆盖全文大意。
例如:
【真题感悟】中第27题。
通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响,展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。
故D项作为文章标题最合适。
A
(2019·湖南长沙雅礼中学一模)
Laughterispartofthe1universalhumanvocabulary.Allmembersofthehumanspeciesunderstandit.UnlikeEnglishorFrenchorSwahili,wedon’thavetolearntospeakit.We’rebornwiththecapacitytolaugh.
Verylittleisknownaboutthespecificbrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughter.5Contrarytofolkwisdom,mostlaughterisnotabouthumor;itisaboutrelationships.12Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh,Iwentwithseveralassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughed.Overa10yearperiod,westudiedover2,000casesofnaturally10occurringlaughter.
Wefoundthatmostlaughterdoesnotnecessarilyfollowjokes.Peoplemaylaughafteravarietyofstatements,suchas,“HerecomesMary.”“Howdidyoudoonthetest?
”or“Doyouhavearubberband?
”Thesecertainlyaren’tjokes.
Webelievelaughter6evolvedfromthepanting(喘气的)behaviorofourancientancestors.Today,ifwetickle(使发痒)chimps,theydon’tlaugh.But,instead,theyproduceapantingsound.That’sthesoundofapelaughter,andit’stherootofhumanlaughter.
Apeslaughinthekindsofsituationsthatleadtohumanlaughter,likegamesthatinvolvechasing.Otheranimalsproducesoundsduringplay,buttheyaresodifferentfromlaughter.Rats,forexample,producehighsoundsduringplayandwhentickled,buttheseareverydifferentinsoundfromhumanlaughter.
Laughterisoftenpositive,butitcanbenegativetoo.There’sadifferencebetween“laughingwith”and“laughingat”.Peoplewholaughatothersmaybetryingtodrivethemoutofthegroup.
Noonehasactuallycountedhowmuchpeopleofdifferentageslaugh,butyoungchildrenprobablylaughthemost.Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren,probablybecausetheyplayless.
Worknow2underwaywilltellusmoreaboutthebrainmechanismsbehindlaughter,howithasevolved,andwhywe’resosusceptibletotickling.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。
笑容是全世界通用的语言,是世上最温暖的语言。
本文探讨了“人类为什么笑”这个话题。
1.Whatwasthepurposeofthedecade’sresearch?
A.Toprovethatpeoplelaughbecauseofhumor.
B.Tofindouttherealreasonforpeople’slaughter.
C.Toresearchpeople’sdifferentreactiononjokes.
D.Torecordconversationsamongshoppersinmalls.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
由题干中的“thedecade’sresearch”可定位至文章第二段最后两句,由该段倒数第二句“Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh...”可知,这十年的研究是为了弄清楚人类什么时候以及为什么会笑。
故B项正确。
2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?
A.Peoplewhoplaymoretendtolaughmore.
B.Apesproducehighsoundswhentickled.
C.Scientistsknowthebrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughterwell.
D.Thesituationsinwhichapeslaughareverydifferentfromthoseinwhichhumanslaugh.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
根据文章倒数第二段中的“Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren,probablybecausetheyplayless.”可知,玩得越多的人笑得越多。
故A项正确。
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“susceptible”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?
A.Sensitive.B.Flexible.
C.Addictive.D.Reliable.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。
联系上下文可知susceptible(易受影响的,敏感的)与sensitive的意思最为接近。
故选A。
4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.TheImpactofLaughter
B.TheMeaningofLaughter
C.ABigMystery:
WhyDoWeLaugh?
D.Laughter:
TheMostBeautifulWord
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。
笑容是全世界通用的语言,是世上最温暖的语言,本文探讨了“人类为什么笑”这个话题。
故C项为最佳标题。
B
(2019·河北五个一名校联盟)
Mostpeoplewhoownmobilephonesusethemastheiralarmclocks—makingitveryeasytocheckemailsonelasttimebeforefallingasleepandhardtoeverfeelawayfromworkandsocialnetworks.
Severalyearsago,mybossfainteddueto7exhaustionafterstayinguplatetocatchuponwork.Shebangedherheadandendedupwithfivestitches(缝针)—andbecamewhatshecallsa“sleepevangelist(传教士)”.Nowsheleaveshermobilephone11charginginanotherroomwhenshegoestobedandencouragesherfriendstodothesame.
“IsentallmyfriendsthesameChristmasgift—alovelyalarmclock—sotheycouldstopusingtheexcusethattheyneededtheirveryattractivemobilephonesbytheirbedstowakethemupinthemorning,”shesaid.
Ifyourmobilephonewakesyouupinthemorning,itmayalsobekeepingyouupatnight.A2008studyshowedthatpeopleexposedtomobileradiationtooklongertofallasleepandspentlesstimeindeepsleep.“13Thestudy8indicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals,componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdaily3wearandtearare9severelyaffected,”thestudyconcluded.
Aquarterofyoungpeoplefeelliketheymustbeavailablebymobilephone4aroundtheclock,accordingtoaSwedishstudythatlinkedheavycellphoneusetosleepingproblems,stressanddepression.Unreturnedmessagescarrymoreguiltwhenthetechnologytodealwiththemliesatourfingertips.Someteensevenreturntextmessagesatmidnight.
Mostofuschoosenottosetlimitsonournighttimeavailability.Nearlythreequartersofpeoplefromtheageof18to44sleepwiththeirmobilephoneswithinreach,accordingtoa2012Timepoll.Thatnumberfallsoffslightlyinmiddleage,butonlypeopleaged65andolderareleavingthemobilephoneinanotherroomascommonassleepingrightnexttoit.
语篇解读 本文属于科普类说明文,讲述现在越来越多的人在睡觉的时候把手机放在旁边,这会严重影响人们的睡眠质量,有些人已经选择把手机放在其他地方来保证自己的睡眠质量。
5.Whydidtheauthor’sbossstarttoenjoysleeping?
A.Herfriendsencouragedhertosleepontime.
B.Mobilephonescouldn’twakeherupontime.
C.Herfriendssentheralovelyclocktowakeherup.
D.Shegothurtduetoworkingtoolate.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
根据第二段前两句可知,作者的老板由于熬夜赶工而筋疲力尽晕倒在地,并且头部缝了五针,最终她成为“睡眠传教士”,鼓励大家多睡觉。
因此作者的老板开始享受睡眠是因为受到了伤害,故选D。
6.Whydidtheauthor’sbossgiveherfriendsalarmclocksasChristmasgifts?
A.Alarmclocksdon’tgiveoffanyradiation.
B.Alarmclocksarebetteratwakingherfriendsup.
C.Sheadvisedthemtoreplacemobilephoneswithalarmclocks.
D.Sheusedalarmclockstoremindthemnottoworktoolate.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段可知,作者的老板送给朋友闹钟是为了不再让他们用把手机当闹钟的借口而影响睡眠,让他们用闹钟来替代手机,故选C。
7.Whatcanwelearnfromthe2008study?
A.Mobileradiationmakespeopleunabletofallasleep.
B.Mobilephonescanrelease884MH