鹿特丹规则英文版.docx
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鹿特丹规则英文版
UnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalCarriageofGoodsWhollyorPartlybySea
TheStatesPartiestothisConvention,
ReaffirmingtheirbeliefthatinternationaltradeonthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefitisanimportantelementinpromotingfriendlyrelationsamongStates,
Convincedthattheprogressiveharmonizationandunificationofinternationaltradelaw,inreducingorremovinglegalobstaclestotheflowofinternationaltrade,significantlycontributestouniversaleconomiccooperationamongallStatesonabasisofequality,equityandcommoninterest,andtothewell-beingofallpeoples,
RecognizingthesignificantcontributionoftheInternationalConventionfortheUnificationofCertainRulesofLawrelatingtoBillsofLading,signedinBrusselson25August1924,anditsProtocols,andoftheUnitedNationsConventionontheCarriageofGoodsbySea,signedinHamburgon31March1978,totheharmonizationofthelawgoverningthecarriageofgoodsbysea,
Mindfulofthetechnologicalandcommercialdevelopmentsthathavetakenplacesincetheadoptionofthoseconventionsandoftheneedtoconsolidateandmodernizethem,
Notingthatshippersandcarriersdonothavethebenefitofabindinguniversalregimetosupporttheoperationofcontractsofmaritimecarriageinvolvingothermodesoftransport,
Believingthattheadoptionofuniformrulestogoverninternationalcontractsofcarriagewhollyorpartlybyseawillpromotelegalcertainty,improvetheefficiencyofinternationalcarriageofgoodsandfacilitatenewaccessopportunitiesforpreviouslyremotepartiesandmarkets,thusplayingafundamentalroleinpromotingtradeandeconomicdevelopment,bothdomesticallyandinternationally,
Haveagreedasfollows:
CHAPTER1.GENERALPROVISIONS
Article1.Definitions
ForthepurposesofthisConvention:
1.“Contractofcarriage”meansacontractinwhichacarrier,againstthepaymentoffreight,undertakestocarrygoodsfromoneplacetoanother.Thecontractshallprovideforcarriagebyseaandmayprovideforcarriagebyothermodesoftransportinadditiontotheseacarriage.
2.“Volumecontract”meansacontractofcarriagethatprovidesforthecarriageofaspecifiedquantityofgoodsinaseriesofshipmentsduringanagreedperiodoftime.Thespecificationofthequantitymayincludeaminimum,amaximumoracertainrange.
3.“Linertransportation”meansatransportationservicethatisofferedtothepublicthroughpublicationorsimilarmeansandincludestransportationbyshipsoperatingonaregularschedulebetweenspecifiedportsinaccordancewithpubliclyavailabletimetablesofsailingdates.
4.“Non-linertransportation”meansanytransportationthatisnotlinertransportation.
5.“Carrier”meansapersonthatentersintoacontractofcarriagewithashipper.
6.(a)“Performingparty”meansapersonotherthanthecarrierthatperformsorundertakestoperformanyofthecarrier’sobligationsunderacontractofcarriagewithrespecttothereceipt,loading,handling,stowage,carriage,care,unloadingordeliveryofthegoods,totheextentthatsuchpersonacts,eitherdirectlyorindirectly,atthecarrier’srequestorunderthecarrier’ssupervisionorcontrol.
(b)“Performingparty”doesnotincludeanypersonthatisretained,directlyorindirectly,byashipper,byadocumentaryshipper,bythecontrollingpartyorbytheconsigneeinsteadofbythecarrier.
7.“Maritimeperformingparty”meansaperformingpartytotheextentthatitperformsorundertakestoperformanyofthecarrier’sobligationsduringtheperiodbetweenthearrivalofthegoodsattheportofloadingofashipandtheirdeparturefromtheportofdischargeofaship.Aninlandcarrierisamaritimeperformingpartyonlyifitperformsorundertakestoperformitsservicesexclusivelywithinaportarea.
8.“Shipper”meansapersonthatentersintoacontractofcarriagewithacarrier.
9.“Documentaryshipper”meansaperson,otherthantheshipper,thatacceptstobenamedas“shipper”inthetransportdocumentorelectronictransportrecord.
10.“Holder”means:
(a)Apersonthatisinpossessionofanegotiabletransportdocument;and(i)ifthedocumentisanorderdocument,isidentifiedinitastheshipperortheconsignee,oristhepersontowhichthedocumentisdulyendorsed;or(ii)ifthedocumentisablankendorsedorderdocumentorbearerdocument,isthebearerthereof;or
(b)Thepersontowhichanegotiableelectronictransportrecordhasbeenissuedortransferredinaccordancewiththeproceduresreferredtoinarticle9,paragraph1.
11.“Consignee”meansapersonentitledtodeliveryofthegoodsunderacontractofcarriageoratransportdocumentorelectronictransportrecord.
12.“Rightofcontrol”ofthegoodsmeanstherightunderthecontractofcarriagetogivethecarrierinstructionsinrespectofthegoodsinaccordancewithchapter10.
13.“Controllingparty”meansthepersonthatpursuanttoarticle51isentitledtoexercisetherightofcontrol.
14.“Transportdocument”meansadocumentissuedunderacontractofcarriagebythecarrierthat:
(a)Evidencesthecarrier’soraperformingparty’sreceiptofgoodsunderacontractofcarriage;and
(b)Evidencesorcontainsacontractofcarriage.
15.“Negotiabletransportdocument”meansatransportdocumentthatindicates,bywordingsuchas“toorder”or“negotiable”orotherappropriatewordingrecognizedashavingthesameeffectbythelawapplicabletothedocument,thatthegoodshavebeenconsignedtotheorderoftheshipper,totheorderoftheconsignee,ortobearer,andisnotexplicitlystatedasbeing“nonnegotiable”or“notnegotiable”.
16.“Non-negotiabletransportdocument”meansatransportdocumentthatisnotanegotiabletransportdocument.
17.“Electroniccommunication”meansinformationgenerated,sent,receivedorstoredbyelectronic,optical,digitalorsimilarmeanswiththeresultthattheinformationcommunicatedisaccessiblesoastobeusableforsubsequentreference.
18.“Electronictransportrecord”meansinformationinoneormoremessagesissuedbyelectroniccommunicationunderacontractofcarriagebyacarrier,includinginformationlogicallyassociatedwiththeelectronictransportrecordbyattachmentsorotherwiselinkedtotheelectronictransportrecordcontemporaneouslywithorsubsequenttoitsissuebythecarrier,soastobecomepartoftheelectronictransportrecord,that:
(a)Evidencesthecarrier’soraperformingparty’sreceiptofgoodsunderacontractofcarriage;and
(b)Evidencesorcontainsacontractofcarriage.
19.“Negotiableelectronictransportrecord”meansanelectronictransportrecord:
(a)Thatindicates,bywordingsuchas“toorder”,or“negotiable”,orotherappropriatewordingrecognizedashavingthesameeffectbythelawapplicabletotherecord,thatthegoodshavebeenconsignedtotheorderoftheshipperortotheorderoftheconsignee,andisnotexplicitlystatedasbeing“non-negotiable”or“notnegotiable”;and
(b)Theuseofwhichmeetstherequirementsofarticle9,paragraph1.
20.“Non-negotiableelectronictransportrecord”meansanelectronictransportrecordthatisnotanegotiableelectronictransportrecord.
21.The“issuance”ofanegotiableelectronictransportrecordmeanstheissuanceoftherecordinaccordancewithproceduresthatensurethattherecordissubjecttoexclusivecontrolfromitscreationuntilitceasestohaveanyeffectorvalidity.
22.The“transfer”ofanegotiableelectronictransportrecordmeansthetransferofexclusivecontrolovertherecord.
23.“Contractparticulars”meansanyinformationrelatingtothecontractofcarriageortothegoods(includingterms,notations,signaturesandendorsements)thatisinatransportdocumentoranelectronictransportrecord.
24.“Goods”meansthewares,merchandise,andarticlesofeverykindwhatsoeverthatacarrierundertakestocarryunderacontractofcarriageandincludesthepackingandanyequipmentandcontainernotsuppliedbyoronbehalfofthecarrier.
25.“Ship”meansanyvesselusedtocarrygoodsbysea.
26.“Container”meansanytypeofcontainer,transportabletankorflat,swapbody,oranysimilarunitloadusedtoconsolidategoods,andanyequipmentancillarytosuchunitload.
27.“Vehicle”meansaroadorrailroadcargovehicle.
28.“Freight”meanstheremunerationpayabletothecarrierforthecarriageofgoodsunderacontractofcarriage.
29.“Domicile”means(a)aplacewhereacompanyorotherlegalpersonorassociationofnaturalorlegalpersonshasits(i)statutoryseatorplaceofincorporationorcentralregisteredoffice,whicheverisapplicable,(ii)centraladministrationor(iii)principalplaceofbusiness,and(b)thehabitualresidenceofanaturalperson.
30.“Competentcourt”meansacourtinaContractingStatethat,accordingtotherulesontheinternalallocationofjurisdictionamongthecourtsofthatState,mayexercisejurisdictionoverthedispute.
Article2.InterpretationofthisConvention
IntheinterpretationofthisConvention,regardistobehadtoitsinternationalcharacterandtotheneedtopromoteuniformityinitsapplicationandtheobservanceofgoodfaithininternationaltrade.
Article3.Formrequirements
Thenotices,confirmation,consent,agreement,declarationandothercommunicationsreferredtoinarticles19,paragraph2;23,paragraphs1to4;36,subparagraphs1(b),(c)and(d);40,subparagraph4(b);44;48,paragraph3;51,subparagraph1(b);59,paragraph1;63;66;67,paragraph2;75,paragraph4;and80,paragraphs2and5,shallbeinwriting.Electroniccommunicationsmaybeusedforthesepurposes,providedthattheuseofsuchmeansiswiththec