届浙江省温州市高考前最后一次模拟考英语试题带答案解析.docx
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届浙江省温州市高考前最后一次模拟考英语试题带答案解析
2019届浙江省温州市高考前最后一次模拟考
英语试题
第I卷(选择题)
评卷人
得分
一、阅读理解
It'satragedy(悲剧)thatcouldbeavoided:
everyyear,morethan400peopleinBritaindiewhilewaitingforareplacementorganfortheirbodies.Althoughorgantransplants(器官移植)havebeensavinglivesformorethan60years,therightbodypartisoftennotavailableattherighttimesimplybecausenotenoughpeoplechoosetobedonors.Shouldpeoplethereforeberequiredtoallowtheirorganstobeusedbyothersafterdeath?
TheBritishMedicalAssociation(BMA),whichrepresentsdoctorsinBritain,saysyes.Asystemof"presumedconsent(默许)"wouldautomaticallymakeeveryoneovertheageof16anorgandonor.Individualswouldbeallowedtoputout,thatistosay,decidenottobeanorgandonor,ifthat'swhattheyprefer.TheBMApointstomuchhigherorgandonationratesincountriesthathaveopt-outsystems,suchasSpain,Belgium,AustriaandtheCzechRepublic.
England'schiefmedicalofficer,SirLiamDonaldson,alsowantstochangetheorgan-donorsystemfromopt-intoopt-out.Allofthissoundslikeverygoodnewsforthe7,500peopleintheUKwhoarewaitingfortransplantsofcriticalorgans,tissues,skinandbones.
Britain'sNationalHealthService(NHS)recentlycounts14.3millionorgandonorsonalistwhichbeganin1994.Noteveryonewantstoparticipate,however,accordingtotheNHS,90percentoftheBritishstronglysupportorgandonation,butonly23percentareontheorgan-donorlist.
Whythediscrepancy(差异)?
Onereasonisthatorgandonationisapersonalmatter.Anotherreasonmaybeindecision:
whenfamiliesarenotsureaboutadeadrelative'swishes,40percentdecidenottodonatehisorherorgans.Interestingly,religionhaslittletodowithadecisionnottodonate.AllsixofthemainreligionsinBritainsupportorgandonationandtransplantation.
Thegovernmentdecidedin2018howthesystemoforgandonationshouldwork---withoutapolicyofpresumedconsent.Opinionamongmembersofparliament(议会)continuestobedivided;butthetragedygoeson:
asthingsarenow,onein10Britonsinneedofanorganwillnevergetone.
1.WhatdoesthetragedyinPara.1referto?
A.Peoplearerequiredtobeorgandonors.
B.Organtransplantscouldsavelivesformorethan60years.
C.Moreandmoredonors'organsarenotproperforoperation.
D.Manypatientshavetodiebecauseofnoreplacementorgan.
2.AccordingtoPara.4,mostBritishpeople______.
A.supportorgandonationwithoutactionB.wanttoparticipateinorgandonation
C.arewillingtodonatetheirorgansD.don'tlikeNHS'activity
3.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Analyzingthetragedyoforgandonation.
B.Persuadingpeopletosupportorgandonation.
C.Praisingthosepeoplewhodonatetheirorgans.
D.Listinggovernment'smeasuresonorgandonation.
Whenshewasstudyingtobecomeascientist,MeganStraussrodeinasmallairplanetostudygiraffes.WhileapilotflewovertheSerengetiinTanzania,Africa,theresearcherslookeddowncarefullyandcountedgiraffes.
"Iamalwaysamazedhoweasilywecanspotwarthogsandothersmallanimals,yetwesometimeshavetroubleseeinggiraffes.Giraffesareslenderinshape,andtheymaynotthrowagoodshadow,"saysDr.Strauss,whohassincebecomeawildlifescientist.
TheSerengetiisaboutthesizeofVermont,astateinthenortheasternUS,sothescientistscouldnotstudytheentirearea.Instead,theysurveyedthreeareaswheregiraffeswerestudiedinthe1970s.Astheyexpected,theysawfarfeweroftheseanimals.
Tofindoutiflionshadbeenkillingmoregiraffesinrecentyears,theteamlookedatthesurvivalofyounggiraffes.Lionskillmoreyounggiraffesthanadults,buttheteamfoundnodecreaseinyounggiraffes'survivalaftertheyareborn,comparedwiththe1970s.
Theteamthenlookedatwhethertoomanygiraffeswerebeingkilledbyparasites(寄生虫).Theresearcherscountedparasiteeggsingiraffedroppings,andtheyfoundtoofewtoharmthegiraffepopulation.
Theylookedintowhetherpoachers(盗猎者)werekillingtoomanygiraffes.Twooftheareastheystudiedarewheregiraffemeatissometimessoldinlocalmarkets.Poacherscatchmoreadultmalesthanothergiraffes.Researchersspottedtoofewmalescomparedwithfemalesinthosetwoareas,asignofpoaching.
Whenthefoodsupplyisshort,theenvironmentsupportsfewergiraffesandthefemaleshavefeweryounggiraffes.AlotofnewtreeshavegrownintheSerengeti,butmanyareatypethatgiraffesdonotliketoeat.Theresearchersfoundfeweryounggiraffestodaythaninthe1970scomparedwiththenumberofadultfemales,asignthatfoodwasinshortsupply.
Dr.StraussisworkingonanenvironmentaleducationprogramforTanzaniaincludingbooksforstudents.ThesematerialswilleducateTanzaniansandhelpthemtohelpgiraffes.Asknowledgegrowsandchangesaremade,theyhopethegiraffepopulationwillincrease.
4.WhatdidDr.StraussfindwhilestudyinggiraffesintheSerengeti?
A.Itwastoocostlytostudygiraffes.
B.Itwashardtospotgiraffesfromtheair.
C.Thenumberofgiraffeshadincreasedslowly.
D.Giraffeslivedinsmallerareasthaninthe1970s.
5.Howdidtheteamstudythelion-girafferelationship?
A.Byanalyzinggiraffedroppings.
B.Bycomparingyounggiraffeswithadults.
C.Bycomparingmalegiraffesandfemales.
D.Bysurveyingthesurvivalofyounggiraffes.
6.WhatisDr.Straussdoingtohelpgiraffes?
A.SheisfoundinganationalparkinTanzania.
B.SheiscountinggiraffesintheentireSerengeti.
C.Sheiseducatingstudentstowriteaboutgiraffes.
D.Sheisraisingenvironmentalawarenessinlocalpeople.
Itbeganasagame:
Highschoolandcollegestudentsstudyingcomputertechnologyfiguredouttheycouldusepersonalcomputerstobreakintotelephonecompanycomputersandmakefree,long-distancetelephonecalls.Theseyoungcomputertalentssoongainedthename"hackers".
Policearrestedafewhackers,butmanywentontoevenmorecomplexhacking.Oneofthemwasarrestedformakingillegaltelephonecallsandlaterheusedaphonetochangeapoliceofficer'screditrecordstogetbackattheofficerforarrestinghim.Healsousedacomputertochangehiscollegerecordstogivehimselfbettergrades.
Ashackersgainedexperience,theybeganinvadingcomputersatbanks,airlinesandotherbusinesses.Inonecaseahackerinstructedanairline'scomputertogivehimfreeairplanetickets.
TheU.S.governmentisworriedthathackersmaybreakintoitsnetworksofdefensecomputers.Thegovernment'ssecretsareeasilyattackedbecausethousandsofgovernmentcomputersareconnectedbytelephonelinesthathackerscangetinto.
InNovember1988,acollegestudententeredaU.S.DefenseDepartmentcomputernetworkcalledArpanet.ThehackerinjectedacomputerprogramthatmadecopiesofitselfthroughoutArpanet.Somehackersusevirusestodestroyallthedatainacomputer.Butinthiscase,governmentofficialsshutdownthenetworkbeforetheprogramreachedeverycomputerinthesystem.Shuttingdownthesystemangeredmanyresearcherswhowereusingthecomputers.Thehackerturnedhimselfintothepoliceandhewaschargedwithacrime.
TheincidentputthespotlightoncomputerhackingintheUnitedStates.Manycompanieshavehiredexpertstoprotecttheircomputersfromhackers,andmanycomputerexpertsnowadvisecompaniesonhowtoprotecttheircomputers.
TheU.S.governmentbelievesforeigngovernmentshavehiredhackerstotrytobreakintotop-secretdefensecomputers.
Expertsdisagreeoverwhetheracomputernetworkcaneverbesafefromhacking.Butinthefuture,someofthemostoutstandingmindsintheU.S.willbeworkingtofrustratetheattemptsofcomputerhackers.
7.Whatdidthefirsthackersdo?
A.Theybrokeintogovernmentcomputers.B.Theydestroyedairplaneticketsystems.
C.Theyplayedcomputergames.D.Theymadefreephonecalls.
8.WhycanU.S.governmentcomputersbeeasilyhackedinto?
A.Theyhavenodefensesystems.B.Theyareconnectedbytelephonelines.
C.Theyarepartlyaccessibletothepublic.D.Theylackcomplexprocessingprograms.
9.WhathappenedtothegovernmentcomputersinNovember1988?
A.Theylostalloftheimportantdata.
B.Theywereshutdownbyresearchers.
C.Theywereinvadedbyacollegestudent.
D.Theygottotallyruinedbyacomputerprogram.
10.Whatdidcompaniesdecidetodotoprotecttheircomputersystems?
A.Employcomputertalents.B.Buildsecretdefensesystems.
C.Askthegovernmentforhelp.D.Collectandanalyzethedataofhackers.
评卷人
得分
二、完形填空
11-year-oldTJhadjustjumpedoffthescooter(滑板车)ashisneighborKim,aged7,andhersisterJulie,9,lookedon.Thatwas11amanwithmessyhairappeared.Withoutaword,hepickedKimupand12walkedaway.
Heheldherlikeababy.13,thecalmwaythemanheldKimmadeTJbelievehemusthavebeena14.Buteventuallysomethingwasnot15.TJcouldseeKim'sface—shewasscared.Herfearturnedinto16,thenbeggingforhelp.Shebegankickingandtryingto17theman'sarms."Whatareyoudoing?
"Julie18.Buttheman,undisturbed,walkedalongtheblockuntilhereachedanalleyand19.
TJ'sfirst20wastofollowthem.Buthowcouldan11-year-oldkid21agrownman?
Soherantohisgrown-upneighbors'homeandshouted,"Aman22pickedupalittlegirlandtookherintothealley!
"TheninstantlyTJwasgone,backonthestreet4823hislittlefriend.
OnceTJ24thealley,herecognizedtheman,standinginfrontofanabandonedhouse.Hewaspushingthe25girlthroughawindow.Fortunately,Julieandotherneighbors,thepoliceandthemotherofthevictimsoonarrived26tosavethegirl.Kimdashedintohermo