高考英语一轮复习 unit17unit18知识要点聚焦.docx

高考英语一轮复习 unit17unit18知识要点聚焦.docx

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高考英语一轮复习unit17unit18知识要点聚焦

Unit17—Unit18

知识要点聚焦

1．重点词汇

单词：

disability,ability,waste,fair,potential,gifted,assist,sympathy,encouragement,visual,adjust,victory,participate,conduct,accessible,patent,officer,background,reject,possibility,otherwise,connection,previous,aware,dusty,pilot

短语：

getaround,getabout,getusedto,allowfor,getstuck,breakawayfrom,beawareof,trialanderror,afterall,keeptrackof

2.重点句型

Heboughthisgirlfriendflowers.=Heboughtflowersforhisgirlfriend.

Adesktopcomputerisacomputerwhichisdesignedforuseonadesk.

Mozart,whosemusicispopularallovertheworld,showedhistalentinmusicataveryyoungage.

Ienjoyvisitingplaceswherethehotelsarecheapandpeoplearefriendly.

3.交际用语

Iprobablycouldn’t...

IfI...Iwouldbeableto...

Iwouldtryto...

Theinventioncanhelppeople...

Thenewinventionwillmakeitpossibleforpeopleto...

重点考点精释

1．Potentialn.潜能；潜力adj.潜在的；可能的

Peoplenowbelievethatweuseonly1%ofourbrains’fullpotential.

Shehasartisticpotentialasamusician.

Shewasthefirsttorealizethepotentialdangeroftheirsituation.

Thefilmislikelytobeapotentialbestseller.

2.launchvt.首次开设；发起；开始；发射

Thecompanylaunchedseveralbranchesinthesatellitecities.

Offivelandingmissionslaunchedin1965,allfivefailed.

Theylaunchedafierceattackagainsttheirenemies.

Thecompanyhaslaunchedanexpansionprogram.

Theylaunchedanewsatelliteintospace.

3.challengev.&n.向某人挑战；对……提出异议

Teachingyoungchildrenisachallengingandrewardingjob.

Ourschoolchallengedthelocalchampionteamtoafootballmuch.

Dareyouchallengeherview?

Soteachinggivesmepeace,varietyandchallenge.

4.impairvt.损害；损伤

Theillnesshadimpairedhisabilitytothinkandconcentrate.

Alifetimespentwithanimalshasgreatlyimpairedhisspeech.

注意impair常用过去分词与visually/hearing/mentally/physically等单词搭配，表示“视力、听力、智力、身体”等方面受“损伤”而有障碍：

Bellhadamorethancasualinterestinthis，forhehimselfwashearingimpaired.

5.motivatevt．激发；使有动力

Motivaten.

motivaten.todo

Theprofit-sharingplanisdesignedtomotivatethestafftoworkhard．

Wemayneverknowwhatmotivatedhimtokillhiswife.

注意motivated也可用作形容词，表示“有积极性的”：

Weneedtoworkeffectivelyandbehighlymotivated．

6.adjustv．调整；调节

adjustton./doingadjustn.

adjustsb./sthto...beadjustedto...

Ittookafewsecondsforhereyestoadjusttothedarkness．

Myparentshadtroubleadjustingtolivinginanapartment.

AfteraccessionintoWTOgovernmentshouldadjustitsfunctions．

Headjustedhimselfveryquicklytotheheatofthecountry.

Whenyougotoanewcountry，youmustadjustyourselftonewmannersandcustoms．

Theylearnedtoadjusttheirfarminghabitstotheclimateandsoilthere.

辨析adapt/adjust

Adapt侧重多方位全面的或心理社会等因素的大幅“协调”；

adjust程度弱些，侧重事物物理因素的“调整，调节”：

Headapted/adjustedhimselftothecoldweather.

Thedesksandseatscanbeadjusttotheheightofeachchild.

7.participatevi.参加，参与（in）

Participateinsth.

Sheactivelyparticipatesinlocalpolitics．

HowmanycountrieswillbeparticipatingintheOlympicGames?

8abilityn.能力；才能

theabilitytodo

Iamanofability

Ihavegreatabilityin

Hehadtheabilitytodothework．

Shehasgreatabilityinteachingphysics.

9.assistv．帮助；援助

Assistsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事

Assistsb.indoingsth.帮助某人做某事

Assistsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事

Theheadmaster’sdeputyassistswithalotofthings.

YouwillberequiredtoassistMrsSmithinpreparingareport．

Thepresidentassistedtheteacherstogetbetterpaid.

10.sympathyn．同情，同感

Expresssympathyfor/towards对……表示同情

Feel/havesympathyfor同情

Insympathywith同情；赞成；和……一致

Outofsympathywith对……不同情；不赞成；和……不一致

Winsympathyof博得……的同情

Aletterofsympathy慰问信

Thepremierexpressedsympathyfortheworkersoutofajob．

Ihavebeenaprisoner，soIhavealotofsympathywithotherpeopleinprison.

Nowtheyareallinsympathywiththetravelplan．

11．rejectvt．拒绝；抛弃

Herejectedtheirinvitation．

Werejectedhisideaforamusicclub，anddecidedtohaveanartclubinstead.

Theyrejecteddamagedgoods.

辨析refuse与reject

两者都有“拒绝”之意，refuse不仅可用来拒绝别天的请求和要求，而且还可用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助；其后能跟不定式；reject不能用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助，其后不能跟不定式。

HerefusedtheinvitationfromJohn.

HerefusedtobelievewhatIsaid.

12．Awareadj.知道的；意识到的

Beawareof了解的；知道的

Beawarethat从句

Wemustbeawareofthewholecircumstances．

AreyouawareofthefactthatthisisChina’sinternalaffair.

Wearewell/fullyawarethatthesedaysaregoneforever.

Areyouawarewhatweshalldothisafternoon?

I’mquiteawarehowyouarefeelingnow．

注意afraid,ashamed,asleep，awake等形容词一般不能由程度副词very修饰，而需要用不同的副词修饰不同的形容词：

verymuch/deadlyafraid.,soundasleep,wideawake，well/fully/quiteaware

13.breakawayfrom摆脱，脱离；去掉；改掉

Thecriminalbrokeawayfromthetwopolicemenwhowereholdinghim.

Youmustbreakawayfromsuchbadhabits.

Breakdown坏掉，打破breakinto闯入；打断（话题）

Breakintopieces成为碎片breakout爆发

Breakthrough突围；突破breakup分解

14.attemptvt.n．试图；尝试

Attemptn.

Attempttodo

Inattempttodo

Makeanattempttodo/atdoing

Heattemptedtheexaminationbutfailed.

Theenemyattemptedtobreakthroughourlines.

IattemptedwalkinguntilIfellover.

Wefailedinourattempttoclimbthemountain．

高考样题例释

1．（2004年全国）Theforest-guardsoftenfindcampfiresthathavenotbeencompletely.

A.turneddownB.putout

C.putawayD.turnedover

【解析】答案为B。

putoutthefire扑灭火.

2.（2003年全国）Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieswithnoagreementreached．

A．havebrokendownB．havebrokenout

C．havebrokeninD．havebrokenup

【解析】答案为A。

题干所提供的语意为：

和谈失败，而未达成任何协议，故选用breakdown，意为“受挫，失败”。

3．（2003年全国）—IthinkyoushouldphoneJennyandsaysorrytoher.

一．Itwasherfault.

A.NowayB．Notpossible

C.NochanceD.Notatall

【解析】答案为A。

根据会话的语境，尤其是答话人所说的Itwasherfault.可以判断出答案为A，表示答话人决不打电话向Jenny道歉。

Noway意为“没门儿，无论如何也不”。

单选高考模拟

1.—Areyougoodatpaintingbeautifulpictures?

—.

A.Yes,it'sapieceofcake!

B.Yes，butthatdown’tmeaneverything．

C．Oh，it’snothingspecialactually.

D.I'dlikenothingbetter.

2.—Areyousureheisabletodothejobwell?

—hewouldgivehismindtoit．

A.IncaseB.Until

C.IfonlyD.Unless

3．—Itsoundsreasonable,butIthinkmyownwayisbetter.

—You'llhavenothingtobyrefusingtolistentoouradvice.

A.gainB.graspC.seizeD.earn

4．Youdon’thavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryouonbusinessfirst.

A.wouldgoB.willgo

C.wentD．havenone

5.—Annwillbesentabroadverysoon.

—Sheneverdreamsofsuchachance.

A.beingB.theretobe

B.therebeD.therebeing

6.Thenursetreatedthenaughtyboyverykindly,butherpatienceatlast.

A.wentdownB.usedupC.gotawayD.gaveout

7.—Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty?

—SorrytosayIdidn’t.Itwasameetingthanaparty.

A.morelikeB.ratherlikeC.lesslikeD.moreorless

8.—Areyousatisfiedwithhiswork,sir?

—Well,I’mafraiditcouldn’tbe.

A.anybetterB.thebest

B.anyworseD.theworst

9.IfyougotoXi’an,you’llfindthepalacestheremoresplendidthancommonly.

A.supposedB.supposeC.tosupposeD.supposing

10.It’stimetostopwork.Let’sthetoolsandforthenightinthewoods.

A.putinto;putonB.putdown;putoff

C.putaway;putupD.putaside;putout

全真模拟训练

一、单项填空

1．Theboy’sparentsgaveTom30dollarsasa（n）forsavingtheirsonfromthefire.

A.awardB.rewardC.prizeD.gift

2.Ihavealotfoforhisopinions,butIdon’tthinkhisideaswillwork.

A.sympathyB.sympathiesC.funD.joys

3.,youareright,butIdon’tknowallthefacts.

A.AfterallB.AboveallC.InasenseD.Meaningfully

4.Althoughshemaybetroubled,shealwaysacalmsmilingface.

A.performsB.takesinC.presentsD.lightsup

5.Ifyouwanttoplaythepianowell,you’llhavetoeveryday.

A.labourB.exerciseC.practiceD.repeat

6.Thesoldierswereputinprisonbecausetheytoobeyorders.

A.effusedB.rejectedC.deniedD.objected

7.Inseniorhighschool,shedidwellinfivesubjects,,Chinese,maths,physics,chemistryandEnglish.

A.namelyB.suchasC.forexampleD.itis

8.Afteralongdelay,hetheletter.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrecttofillintheblank?

A.gotaroundtowriting

B.setouttowrite

C.setaboutwriting

D.gotaboutwriting

9．Heisworkinghardalldaylong，whichwillsurelyhissuccessinthefuture.

A.leadgreatlytoB.contributegreatlyto

C．leadgreatlyuptoD.contributegreatlyfor

10．Heisofsuccess.

A.likelyB.like

C.probableD.possible

11．Theoldmanfromtowntotownwithnowheretogoandnothingtodo.

A.huntedB．setfoot

C.floatedD.foughtagainst

12．Theytheirhomeinthecountryside．

A.liedB.werelying

C．locatedD．werelocated

13．It’sknowledgeamongpoliticiansthatanelectionwillsoonbecalled.

A.usualB.common

C.ordinaryD.precious

14．—Howistheirbusinessgoing?

—Oh，it’sbecomingbetterandbetterdaybyday.They’vedecidedtoanewclerkintheaccountsdepartment.

A.takeawayB.takeoff

C.takeinD.takeon

15．Theropebegantoundertheheavyload.

A.cutoffB.separate

C.breakdownD.breakintopieces

二、完形填空

Someplaysaresosuccessfulthattheyrunforyearsonend．Inmanyways，thisis1forthepooractorswhoarerequiredtogoonrepeatingthesame2nightafternight.Onewould3themtoknowtheirpartsbyheartand4havecausetofalter（结巴）．Yet5isnotalwaysthecase.

Afamousactorina6successfulplaywason