新人教版高考英语总复习专题非谓语动词.docx
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新人教版高考英语总复习专题非谓语动词
2019-2020年高考英语总复习实用精品学案高考语法专题非谓语动词新人教版
考纲新研读
1.非谓语动词的形式(以动词do为例)
动词不定式
动词的-ing形式
动词过去分词
一般式
todo
doing
done
一般被动式
tobedone
beingdone
完成式
tohavedone
havingdone
完成被动式
tohavebeendone
havingbeendone
进行式
tobedoing
完成进行式
tohavebeendoing
2.非谓语动词在句子中的作用
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
动词不定式
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动词的-ing形式
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动词过去分词
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3.非谓语动词的用法
动词不定式
(1)用作主语:
Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.
Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.
(2)用作宾语:
Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?
Doyouthinkitnecessarytogothere?
(3)用作表语:
Allshewoulddowastogohome.
(4)用作宾补:
Iwarnedtheboynottobelateagain.
Hesawherleavethehouse.
Shewasseentoleavethehouse.
Heoftenhelpsme(to)learnEnglish.
Withnoonetohelphim,hecan’tdoit.
Withsomanyproblemstosettle,themanagercan’tleavefor
holidays.
【注意】用于不带to的不定式作宾补的的动词有:
feel,hear,see,
notice,observe,watch,listento,lookat,have,make,let等。
但
变为被动语态时需要带to。
例如:
Inoticedherentertheoffice.
Weheardhimsingeveryday.
Santa’sfathermadeherpromisethatshewouldn’twritetome
orsendmeanyword.
(5)用作定语:
Ihavenothingtowrite(towriteon/towritewith).
Iwasthefirsttoetoschool.
Wehavenotimetothinkaboutrest.
(6)用作状语:
常表示原因、结果、条件、目的等。
Hestoppedtotalktoanoldman.(目的)
Irushedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainalreadygone.(结果)
Hewashappytohearthenews.(原因)
另外:
inorderto;soasto引导目的状语,“为了,以便”;so...asto
引导结果状语,“太……以致……”。
(7)用在疑问词后面,如whattodo,构成不定式复合结构,相当于名
词,作主语、宾语和表语。
例如:
Thequestioniswheretogetaputer.(表语)
Ireallydon’tknowwhattodo.(宾语)
Howtogetridofthepollutionisstillaproblem.(主语)
【注意】不定式也有一定的时态和语态;有否定式、完成式、进
行式、被动式等和自己的逻辑主语:
(1)被动形式:
Heaskedtobesenttothefront.
(2)进行式:
Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.
(3)完成式:
Heissaidtohavegoneabroad.
(4)否定式:
(to)前加not:
Hepretendednottohaveseenme.
(5)不定式的逻辑主语有两种情况(用forsb.或ofsb.):
It’shightimeforustoplanttrees.
It’sverykindofyoutosayso.
动词的过去分词
(1)作定语
及物动词的过去分词,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去
分词,只表示完成。
单个的分词作定语,放在它所修饰的词
的前面;分词短语作定语,放在它所修饰的词的后面。
例如:
Abrokencupislyingonthefloor.
Themeetingheldyesterdaywasveryimportant.
(2)作表语:
表状态,与句子主语是被动关系。
例如:
Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.
Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.
(3)作状语
动词的过去分词相当于副词,可以在句子中作状语,与句子主
语是逻辑上的主谓关系,两者往往是被动关系,即主语是过去
分词动作的承受者。
Seenfromspace,theearthlookslikeaball.
paredwiththepeopleinIraq,wearemuchhappier.
名词加过去分词,构成独立结构,用作状语。
Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.
(4)作宾补
作宾语补足语的过去分词,大都来自及物动词。
分词与宾语是
被动关系。
不及物动词的过去分词作宾补,与宾语是主动关系,
表示动作已经发生。
Isawthehousebrokeninto.
Thereissomethingwrongwithmyradio.Iwillhaveitrepaired.
Theemperororderedthecloth(tobe)wovenforhimatonce.
Hecamein,withhishandstiedattheback.
动词的-ing形式
动词的-ing形式相当于名词、形容词、副词等,也保留了动词的某些特征。
(1)作主语:
Talkingiseasierthandoing.
It’snousetalkingaboutit.
(2)作宾语:
Heisafraidofbeingscolded.
Ifounditnousetalkingwithhim.
有些动词后面只能接doing。
如:
admit,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,
keep,miss,mention,practice,risk,stop,suggest等。
有些动词后面只能接todo。
如:
agree,decide,expect,hope,
long(渴望),manage,plan,pretend,
refuse,wish等。
有些动词后面接doing和todo都可以,且意思差别细微,或看作
没差别。
如:
begin,start,hate,like,love,continue,refer等;
但另一类词差别很大。
如:
forget,remember,mean,try,regret等。
还有goon;remindsb.ofdoingsth.(使人想起)和remindsb.to
do(提醒)。
另外,stopdoing停止干;stoptodo停下来去干某
事,todo是目的状语。
(3)作表语:
Seeingisbelieving.
Thestoryismoving/exciting/interesting.
(4)作宾补:
Isawthemingacrosstheroad.
Theyhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.
(5)作定语:
Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.
Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
(6)作状语:
Beingill,shewenthome.
Havingfinishedtheirhomework,theyhadarest.
Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.
【注意】
1.动词-ing形式的逻辑主语有三种形式:
(1)doing前加物主代词。
如:
mydoing;
(2)doing前加名词所有格。
如:
Tom’sdoing;
(3)作宾语时doing前可加人称代词宾格。
如:
medoing。
例如:
Mary’singlatemadeMr.Smithangry.
Shedidn’tmindhis(him)crying.
2.否定式在其前面加not;完成式havingdone;被动式beingdone。
例如:
Notknowingwhattodo,heturnedtohisteacherforhelp.
Havingfinishedtheirhomework,theywatchedTV.
Hehadhopedtotakehisseatwithoutbeingseen.
3.独立结构:
Weatherpermitting(Ifweatherpermits),we’llhaveasportsmeet
nextweek.
Weatherbeingsofine(Asweatherissofine),wehavedecidedto
goonanouting.
Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalkhome.
4.with复合结构:
Theyslept,withthelightsburning.
高考新剖析
1.Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeit
easierforit_________.[xx年高考湖南卷]
A.reusingB.reused
C.reusesD.tobereused
2.SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000college
graduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimes
thenumberhiredlastyear,__________reduceunemployment
pressures.[xx年高考江苏卷]
A.helpB.tohavehelped
C.tohelpD.havinghelped
D
C
3.Distinguishedguestsandfriends,weletoourschool.
__________theceremonyofthe50thAnniversarythismorning
areouralumni(校友)fromhomeandabroad.
[xx年高考江苏卷]
A.AttendB.Toattend
C.AttendingD.Havingattended
4.Theyuseputerstokeepthetraffic__________smoothly.
[xx年高考全国卷Ⅱ]
A.beingrunB.runC.torunD.running
5.Nowthatwe’vediscussedourproblem,arepeoplehappywith
thedecisions_________?
[xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ]
A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake
6.Ifthere’salotofwork_________,I’mhappytojustkeepon
untilitisfinished.[xx年高考上海卷]
A.todoB.tobedoing
C.doneD.doing
C
D
C
A
7.Ifeelgreatlyhonored__________intotheirsociety.
[xx年高考北京卷]
A.toweleB.weling
C.tobeweledD.weled
8.Somethingassimpleas__________somecoldwatermayclear
yourmindandrelievepressure.[xx年高考上海卷]
A.todrinkB.drinking
C.tobedrinkingD.drunk
9.Mysister,aninexperiencedrider,wasfoundsittingonthe
bicycle__________tobalanceit.[xx年高考上海卷]
A.havingtiredB.trying
C.totryD.tried
10.Ideally__________forBroadwaytheatresandFifthAvenue,
theNewYorkParkhotelisafavoritewithmanyguests.
[xx年高考上海卷]
A.locatingB.beinglocated
C.havingbeenlocatedD.located
C
B
B
D
11.Thechildrenallturned__________thefamousactressasshe
enteredtheclassroom.[xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ]
A.lookedatB.tolookat
C.tolookingatD.lookat
12.__________,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.
[xx年高考辽宁卷]
A.BeingawinnerB.Tobeawinner
C.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner
13.__________inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldman
suddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.
[xx年高考福建卷]
A.WaitingB.Towait
C.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited
14.—Canthose__________atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?
—Noproblem.[xx年高考福建卷]
A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.sat
B
B
C
C
15.Myparentshavealwaysmademe__________aboutmyself,
evenwhenIwastwelve.
A.feelingwellB.feelinggood
C.feelwellD.feelgood
精题新探究
1.Whichdoyouenjoy__________yourholiday,goingabroador
stayingathome?
A.spendingB.tospend
C.beingspentD.spend
2.Thepilotfeltsomething__________wrongwiththeenginejust
beforetheplanetookoff.
A.goB.went
C.wasgoingD.togo
3.—Whydoyoulooksad?
—Therearesomanyproblems__________.
A.remainingtosettleB.remainedsettling
C.remainingtobesettledD.remainedtobesettled
D
B
A
C
4.—Doyouknowwhytheypractise__________basketballevery
day?
—Theypractise__________inthebasketballmatchofourschool.
A.playing;tojoinB.playing;joining
C.toplay;tojoinD.toplay;joining
5.Lily’smobilephonewasleftinataxiaccidentally,never
__________again.
A.tofindB.tobefoundC.findingD.beingfound
6.—Wedidn’tfindtheBlacks_________thelecture.
—Noonehadtoldthemabout__________alecturethefollowing
day.
A.toattend;theretobeB.attending;therebeing
C.attended;therebeD.attend;therewas
7.Theinternationalagreement,__________encouragechildrennot
tosmokeandhelppeoplekickthehabit,wassignedonFebruary
27.
A.intendingtoB.beingintendedto
C.intendedtoD.tointendto
A
B
B
C
8.__________twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,
istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.
A.BeingexaminedB.Examined
C.ExaminingD.Havingbeenexamined
9.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif
__________whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.
A.seeingB.havingseen
C.toseeD.tohaveseen
10.__________horrible,themedicinewasthrownawaybythe
child.
A.TastedB.TastingC.TotasteD.Beingtasted
11.Thelong-lastingmeetingendedinfailure,_________no
agreements.
A.toreachB.wouldreachC.reachingD.reached
12.Tompretended__________it,butinfact,heknewitverywell.
A.notlistentoB.nottohearabout
C.nottohaveheardaboutD.nottolisten
A
C
B
C
C
13.Evenifthetroopscanbefound,__________themremainsa
problem.
A.equipsB.equipped
C.havingequippedD.equipping
14.Heshowedusagoodtyreforparisonwiththeone
__________.
A.wearingB.wornC.tearingD.torn
15.__________ontimeisoneofourprinciples.Andwedoour
bestforcustomers.
A.Delivergoo