新人教版高考英语总复习专题非谓语动词.docx

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新人教版高考英语总复习专题非谓语动词.docx

新人教版高考英语总复习专题非谓语动词

2019-2020年高考英语总复习实用精品学案高考语法专题非谓语动词新人教版

考纲新研读

1.非谓语动词的形式(以动词do为例)

 

动词不定式

动词的-ing形式

动词过去分词

一般式

todo

doing

done

一般被动式

tobedone

beingdone

 

完成式

tohavedone

havingdone

 

完成被动式

tohavebeendone

havingbeendone

 

进行式

tobedoing

 

 

完成进行式

tohavebeendoing

 

 

2.非谓语动词在句子中的作用

 

主语

宾语

表语

定语

状语

补语

动词不定式

动词的-ing形式

动词过去分词

3.非谓语动词的用法

动词不定式

(1)用作主语:

Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.

Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.

(2)用作宾语:

Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?

Doyouthinkitnecessarytogothere?

(3)用作表语:

Allshewoulddowastogohome.

(4)用作宾补:

Iwarnedtheboynottobelateagain.

Hesawherleavethehouse.

Shewasseentoleavethehouse.

Heoftenhelpsme(to)learnEnglish.

Withnoonetohelphim,hecan’tdoit.

Withsomanyproblemstosettle,themanagercan’tleavefor

holidays.

【注意】用于不带to的不定式作宾补的的动词有:

feel,hear,see,

notice,observe,watch,listento,lookat,have,make,let等。

变为被动语态时需要带to。

例如:

Inoticedherentertheoffice.

Weheardhimsingeveryday.

Santa’sfathermadeherpromisethatshewouldn’twritetome

orsendmeanyword.

(5)用作定语:

Ihavenothingtowrite(towriteon/towritewith).

Iwasthefirsttoetoschool.

Wehavenotimetothinkaboutrest.

(6)用作状语:

常表示原因、结果、条件、目的等。

Hestoppedtotalktoanoldman.(目的)

Irushedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainalreadygone.(结果)

Hewashappytohearthenews.(原因)

另外:

inorderto;soasto引导目的状语,“为了,以便”;so...asto

引导结果状语,“太……以致……”。

(7)用在疑问词后面,如whattodo,构成不定式复合结构,相当于名

词,作主语、宾语和表语。

例如:

Thequestioniswheretogetaputer.(表语)

Ireallydon’tknowwhattodo.(宾语)

Howtogetridofthepollutionisstillaproblem.(主语)

【注意】不定式也有一定的时态和语态;有否定式、完成式、进

行式、被动式等和自己的逻辑主语:

(1)被动形式:

Heaskedtobesenttothefront.

(2)进行式:

Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.

(3)完成式:

Heissaidtohavegoneabroad.

(4)否定式:

(to)前加not:

Hepretendednottohaveseenme.

(5)不定式的逻辑主语有两种情况(用forsb.或ofsb.):

It’shightimeforustoplanttrees.

It’sverykindofyoutosayso.

动词的过去分词

(1)作定语

及物动词的过去分词,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去

分词,只表示完成。

单个的分词作定语,放在它所修饰的词

的前面;分词短语作定语,放在它所修饰的词的后面。

例如:

Abrokencupislyingonthefloor.

Themeetingheldyesterdaywasveryimportant.

(2)作表语:

表状态,与句子主语是被动关系。

例如:

Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.

Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.

(3)作状语

动词的过去分词相当于副词,可以在句子中作状语,与句子主

语是逻辑上的主谓关系,两者往往是被动关系,即主语是过去

分词动作的承受者。

Seenfromspace,theearthlookslikeaball.

paredwiththepeopleinIraq,wearemuchhappier.

名词加过去分词,构成独立结构,用作状语。

Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.

(4)作宾补

作宾语补足语的过去分词,大都来自及物动词。

分词与宾语是

被动关系。

不及物动词的过去分词作宾补,与宾语是主动关系,

表示动作已经发生。

Isawthehousebrokeninto.

Thereissomethingwrongwithmyradio.Iwillhaveitrepaired.

Theemperororderedthecloth(tobe)wovenforhimatonce.

Hecamein,withhishandstiedattheback.

动词的-ing形式

动词的-ing形式相当于名词、形容词、副词等,也保留了动词的某些特征。

(1)作主语:

Talkingiseasierthandoing.

It’snousetalkingaboutit.

(2)作宾语:

Heisafraidofbeingscolded.

Ifounditnousetalkingwithhim.

有些动词后面只能接doing。

如:

admit,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,

keep,miss,mention,practice,risk,stop,suggest等。

有些动词后面只能接todo。

如:

agree,decide,expect,hope,

long(渴望),manage,plan,pretend,

refuse,wish等。

有些动词后面接doing和todo都可以,且意思差别细微,或看作

没差别。

如:

begin,start,hate,like,love,continue,refer等;

但另一类词差别很大。

如:

forget,remember,mean,try,regret等。

还有goon;remindsb.ofdoingsth.(使人想起)和remindsb.to

do(提醒)。

另外,stopdoing停止干;stoptodo停下来去干某

事,todo是目的状语。

(3)作表语:

Seeingisbelieving.

Thestoryismoving/exciting/interesting.

(4)作宾补:

Isawthemingacrosstheroad.

Theyhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.

(5)作定语:

Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.

Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

(6)作状语:

Beingill,shewenthome.

Havingfinishedtheirhomework,theyhadarest.

Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.

【注意】

1.动词-ing形式的逻辑主语有三种形式:

(1)doing前加物主代词。

如:

mydoing;

(2)doing前加名词所有格。

如:

Tom’sdoing;

(3)作宾语时doing前可加人称代词宾格。

如:

medoing。

例如:

Mary’singlatemadeMr.Smithangry.

Shedidn’tmindhis(him)crying.

2.否定式在其前面加not;完成式havingdone;被动式beingdone。

例如:

Notknowingwhattodo,heturnedtohisteacherforhelp.

Havingfinishedtheirhomework,theywatchedTV.

Hehadhopedtotakehisseatwithoutbeingseen.

3.独立结构:

Weatherpermitting(Ifweatherpermits),we’llhaveasportsmeet

nextweek.

Weatherbeingsofine(Asweatherissofine),wehavedecidedto

goonanouting.

Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalkhome.

4.with复合结构:

Theyslept,withthelightsburning.

高考新剖析

1.Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeit

easierforit_________.[xx年高考湖南卷]

A.reusingB.reused

C.reusesD.tobereused

2.SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000college

graduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimes

thenumberhiredlastyear,__________reduceunemployment

pressures.[xx年高考江苏卷]

A.helpB.tohavehelped

C.tohelpD.havinghelped

D

C

3.Distinguishedguestsandfriends,weletoourschool.

__________theceremonyofthe50thAnniversarythismorning

areouralumni(校友)fromhomeandabroad.

[xx年高考江苏卷]

A.AttendB.Toattend

C.AttendingD.Havingattended

4.Theyuseputerstokeepthetraffic__________smoothly.

[xx年高考全国卷Ⅱ]

A.beingrunB.runC.torunD.running

5.Nowthatwe’vediscussedourproblem,arepeoplehappywith

thedecisions_________?

[xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ]

A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake

6.Ifthere’salotofwork_________,I’mhappytojustkeepon

untilitisfinished.[xx年高考上海卷]

A.todoB.tobedoing

C.doneD.doing

C

D

C

A

7.Ifeelgreatlyhonored__________intotheirsociety.

[xx年高考北京卷]

A.toweleB.weling

C.tobeweledD.weled

8.Somethingassimpleas__________somecoldwatermayclear

yourmindandrelievepressure.[xx年高考上海卷]

A.todrinkB.drinking

C.tobedrinkingD.drunk

9.Mysister,aninexperiencedrider,wasfoundsittingonthe

bicycle__________tobalanceit.[xx年高考上海卷]

A.havingtiredB.trying

C.totryD.tried

10.Ideally__________forBroadwaytheatresandFifthAvenue,

theNewYorkParkhotelisafavoritewithmanyguests.

[xx年高考上海卷]

A.locatingB.beinglocated

C.havingbeenlocatedD.located

C

B

B

D

11.Thechildrenallturned__________thefamousactressasshe

enteredtheclassroom.[xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ]

A.lookedatB.tolookat

C.tolookingatD.lookat

12.__________,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.

[xx年高考辽宁卷]

A.BeingawinnerB.Tobeawinner

C.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner

13.__________inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldman

suddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.

[xx年高考福建卷]

A.WaitingB.Towait

C.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited

14.—Canthose__________atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?

—Noproblem.[xx年高考福建卷]

A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.sat

B

B

C

C

15.Myparentshavealwaysmademe__________aboutmyself,

evenwhenIwastwelve.

A.feelingwellB.feelinggood

C.feelwellD.feelgood

精题新探究

1.Whichdoyouenjoy__________yourholiday,goingabroador

stayingathome?

A.spendingB.tospend

C.beingspentD.spend

2.Thepilotfeltsomething__________wrongwiththeenginejust

beforetheplanetookoff.

A.goB.went

C.wasgoingD.togo

3.—Whydoyoulooksad?

—Therearesomanyproblems__________.

A.remainingtosettleB.remainedsettling

C.remainingtobesettledD.remainedtobesettled

D

B

A

C

4.—Doyouknowwhytheypractise__________basketballevery

day?

—Theypractise__________inthebasketballmatchofourschool.

A.playing;tojoinB.playing;joining

C.toplay;tojoinD.toplay;joining

5.Lily’smobilephonewasleftinataxiaccidentally,never

__________again.

A.tofindB.tobefoundC.findingD.beingfound

6.—Wedidn’tfindtheBlacks_________thelecture.

—Noonehadtoldthemabout__________alecturethefollowing

day.

A.toattend;theretobeB.attending;therebeing

C.attended;therebeD.attend;therewas

7.Theinternationalagreement,__________encouragechildrennot

tosmokeandhelppeoplekickthehabit,wassignedonFebruary

27.

A.intendingtoB.beingintendedto

C.intendedtoD.tointendto

A

B

B

C

8.__________twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,

istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.

A.BeingexaminedB.Examined

C.ExaminingD.Havingbeenexamined

9.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif

__________whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.

A.seeingB.havingseen

C.toseeD.tohaveseen

10.__________horrible,themedicinewasthrownawaybythe

child.

A.TastedB.TastingC.TotasteD.Beingtasted

11.Thelong-lastingmeetingendedinfailure,_________no

agreements.

A.toreachB.wouldreachC.reachingD.reached

12.Tompretended__________it,butinfact,heknewitverywell.

A.notlistentoB.nottohearabout

C.nottohaveheardaboutD.nottolisten

A

C

B

C

C

13.Evenifthetroopscanbefound,__________themremainsa

problem.

A.equipsB.equipped

C.havingequippedD.equipping

14.Heshowedusagoodtyreforparisonwiththeone

__________.

A.wearingB.wornC.tearingD.torn

15.__________ontimeisoneofourprinciples.Andwedoour

bestforcustomers.

A.Delivergoo

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