甘肃省兰州市第一中学届高考英语最后冲刺模拟试题含答案.docx
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甘肃省兰州市第一中学届高考英语最后冲刺模拟试题含答案
甘肃省兰州市第一中学2019届高考英语最后冲刺模拟试题
说明:
本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。
满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
答案写在答题卡上,交卷时只交答题卡。
第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
A
HerearesomeprofessionsAmericansconsidertobethemosthonest.Maybetherestofuscanlearnfromwhatthesepeopledotoestablishgoodrelationshipswithothers.
MEDICALDOCTORS
JackJacob,Age:
44,FountainValley,California
Itrytointroducemyselfinapleasantway.Isitdown.Idon’tstand.Imakegoodeyecontactwiththepatientandhisorherfamily.Communicationskillsarekey,aswellasshowingunderstandingandavailability.Foraphysician,themostrewardingthingiswhensomeonewhohasseenyourworkchoosesyou.
ENGINEERS
ChrissyKeane,Age:
41,Crofton,Maryland
Idon’tknowthatbeinganengineermeansyouareautomaticallytrustworthy.However,Idothinkthatmostengineersliketofollowrulesandbeorganized.Theytellyouwhattheythink,whetheryouwanttohearitornot.Thoseareimportantelementsinbuildingtrust.
POLICEOFFICERS
G.M.Cox,Age:
64,FortWorth,Texas
Asapoliceofficer,IhavethebestinterestsofthepeopleIserveinmyheartandinmyactionsandI’mgoingtotreateveryonethesameway.Ialwayswanttogouptopeopleandspeaktothemwithrespect.Don’ttalkdowntothem.Youhavetoestablishandmaintainthattrust.Beequal!
1.WhatdoesJackJacobthinkimportanttodohisjob?
A.Beingcommunicative.B.Experience.
C.Self-introduction.D.Beingopen-minded.
2.HowdoesG.M.Coxtreatpeopleinhisjob?
A.ActivelyB.EquallyC.CautiouslyD.Strictly
3.Whatdothethreepeoplementionedinthepassagehaveincommon?
A.Theyfollowrules.B.Theyarewarm-hearted.
C.Theydeservetrust.D.Theyaregoodorganizers.
B
Thesecrettolivinglongercouldbeassimpleaspickingupyourwalkingpace,accordingtoanewstudy.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofSydneyfoundthatwalkingatabrisk(快的)orfastpacewasassociatedwithariskreductionof24percentforanycauseofdeath.
Thiseffectwasevenmoreobviousinolderagegroup,withfastwalkersovertheageof60reducingtheirriskofdeathbyasurprising53percent.ProfessorEmmanuelStamatakis,wholedthestudy,explained,“Afastpaceisgenerallyfivetosixkilometersperhour,butitreallydependsonawalker’sfitnesslevels;analternativesindicatoristowalkatapacethatmakesyouslightlyoutofbreathorsweaty.”
Inthestudy,theresearcherslookedattheresultsof11surveysfrom1994to2008,inwhichparticipantsrecordedtheirwalkingpace,aswellasage,sexandBMI.Theanalysisshowedthatwalkingatanaveragepacewasassociatedwitha20percentriskreductionforall-causemortality(死亡率)comparedwithwalkingataslowpace,whilewalkingatabriskorfastpacewasassociatedwithariskreductionof24percent.
Theresearchershopethefindingswillencouragethedevelopmentofpublichealthmessageaboutthebenefitsofwalkingpace.ProfessorStamatakisadded,“Theseanalysessuggestthatincreasingwalkingpacemaybeastraightforwardwayforpeopletoimprovehearthealthandriskforprematuremortality---providingasimplemessageforpublichealthcampaignstopromote.
“Especiallyinsituationswhenwalkingmoreisn’tpossibleduetotimepressuresoralesswalking-friendlyenvironment,walkingfastermaybeagoodoptiontogettheheartrateup---onethatmostpeoplecaneasilyaddtotheirlives.”
4.Whobenefitmostfromwalkingfast?
A.Cancersufferers.B.Theelderly.
C.Thosewhohaveheartproblems.D.ThosewhohavehighBMI.
5.WhatdecideshowfastapersoncanwalkaccordingtoProfessorStamatakis?
A.His/Herfitnesslevels.B.His/Herages.
C.His/Herwill.D.His/HerBMI.
6.Whycanwalkingfastreducedeathrate?
A.Mostpeoplelikedoingit.B.Itbenefitstheheart.
C.Itreducescancermortality.D.Mostpeoplecandoiteasily.
7.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?
A.Walkingiseasyexerciseforpeopletodo.
B.Walkinghasreceivedlittleattentionuntilnow.
C.Moreandmorepeoplearewalkingfastforhealth.
D.Afastwalkingpacecanbenefitpeople’shealth.
C
Ride-hailingappsandrobotcarspromisetochangehowwegetaroundandtheeffectsarealreadybeingfelt.TrafficinNewYorkisslowingdown.JamsarecommoninManhattan,especiallyinitsbusinessdistricts.Daytimetrafficinthebusiestareasnowmovesalmost20%moreslowlythanitdidfiveyearsago.
Itseemsaplaceripeforwideuseofride-hailingappsthat,youmightthink,wouldreducesomeofthejams.However,thoseappsappeartobemakingthingsworseastraffichasslowedinlinewiththegrowingpopularityofappssuchasUberandLyft,astudybytransportexpertBruceSchallersuggests.
Overthefouryearsofthestudy,thenumberofcarsinManhattanseekingride-hailingfaresincreasedby81%.Therearenowabout68,000ride-sharingdriversacrossNewYork.That’saboutfivetimesthenumberoftheyellowcabslicensedtooperatethere,hefound.Therearesomanydrivers,hisworksuggests,whospendabout45%oftheirsparetimejusttouringforfares.Thatisalotofunusedcarsblockingalotofbusystreets.
Simplephysicsexplainswhyride-sharingvehiclesarecausing,notcuringjams,saidJarrettWalker,apublictransportpolicyexpertwhohasadvisedhundredsofcitiesaboutmovingpeople.
“Lotsofpeoplearedecidingthat,’Oh,publictransportisjusttoomuchtroublethismorning,’orwhenever,whichcausesashiftfromit,”hetoldtheBBC.“Thatmeansmovingpeoplefromlargervehiclesintosmallerones,whichmeansmorevehiclestomovethesamepeople.Therefore,moretraffic.”
Datagatheredaboutride-sharingdriversillustrateshowtheycontributetocongestion(塞车),saidProf.ChristoWilson,acomputerscientistatNortheasternUniversitywhohasstudiedtheservices.”YoucanlookatthetrafficpatternfortheUbervehiclesanditperfectlymatchesthepeaksfortherushhourandthepeaktimeofaday,”hesaid.Theyareoutthereinforceattheworstpossibletimes.
8.WhatcanweknowaboutthecabsinNewYork?
A.Morecabsareneededtomeetthedemand.
B.Theyoftentouraroundthecityseekingusers.
C.Theirfaresincreasedgreatlyoverthefouryears.
D.Thenumberofthemisfarlessthanride-sharingcars.
9.WhatisChristoWilson’sattitudetowardride-sharingpractice?
A.NeutralB.Negative
C.IndifferentD.Supportive
10.Whichofthefollowingbestreplaces“it”underlinedinParagraph5.
A.Ajam.B.Publictransport
C.Acar.D.Aride-sharingvehicle.
11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.WorseRoadJams.B.AppMakesTerribleJams.
C.EffortsNeededforTraffic.D.TechnologyCountsinFuture.
D
Throughoutourdailylives,wehaveknownplentyofpeopleandwillknowmore.Buthowcanwetellifsomeoneistrustworthy?
InapaperpublishedrecentlyintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,researchergaveustheanswer.
Theresearchersasked401adultsfromtheUnitedStatestofilloutaquestionnairemeasuringtheirguilt-proneness(内疚倾向)indifferentsituationsaswellasseveralotherqualities,andthenplayashortonlinegame.Inthisgame,Player1isgiven$1,whichtheycanchoosetogivetoPlayer2.AnymoneygiventoPlayer2isthenautomaticallyincreasedto$2.50.Player2canthendecidewhethertokeepallofthemoneyorbehaveinatrustworthywaybyreturningaportionofthemoneytoPlayer1.Theresearchersfoundmoreguilt-pronepeopleweremorelikelytosharethemoneywithPlayer1.Actually,infollow-upstudies,guilt-pronenesspredictedtrustworthinessbetterthanotherpersonalityqualitiestheresearchersmeasured.
Whymightguiltleadtotrustworthybehavior?
Theresearchersfoundpeoplewhowereguilt-pronealsoreportedfeelinganobligationtoactinethical(合乎道德的)andresponsiblewayswhileinteracting(互动)withtheirpartnersinthegame.Peoplewhoareguilt-pronetendtoavoidengaginginbehaviorthatmightharmordisappointothers.Iftheydosomethingbad,guiltencouragesthemtotrytomakethingsrightagain.
Then,howcanweusethisresearchtoascertainwhethersomeoneistrustworthy?
“Onewaytodothismightbeobservehowtheyrespondtoexperienceregret,”leadauthorEmmaLevine,assistantprofessorattheUniversityofChicagoLevine,explains.Anotherwayistoaskthemtodescribeadifficultdilemmatheyfacedinthepast,suggestsco-authorTayaCohen,associateprofessoratCarnegieMellonUniversity.Thisisparticularlyeffective,Cohenandhercolleagueshavefound,becauseitallowsustoseeifthey’reconcernedabouttheeffectstheiractionshaveonothers.
12.Whatmaymakeothersfeelthatwearereliableaccordingtothetext?
A.Ourgoodqualitiestohelpthemout.
B.Ourtendencytoexperienceguilt.
C.Ourkindattitudetowardsthem.
D.Ourteamspiritinthegame.
13.Whatmayconnectguiltwithtrustworthybehavior?
A.Asenseofresponsibility.
B.Afeelingofdisappointment.
C.Thewayoneinteractswithothers.
D.Theabilitytotellrightfromwrong.
14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ascertain”inthelastparagraphmean?
A.AskB.ExpressC.DescribeD.Determine
15.Howisthetextorganizedanddeveloped?
A.Byprovidingbackground.
B.Bymakingalotofcomparisons.
C.Byansweringtheraisedquestions/.
D.Byanalyzingeffectsofguilt-proneness.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Stressisamajorprobleminthemodernworld.16Itiscommonamongofficeworkers.Managingitisnecessaryforpeopleinordertocreateawork-lifebalance.So,howcanyougoaboutremovingstressthroughtheancientartofgardening?
Sur