大学英语专业汉译英第二学期笔译课件.docx

大学英语专业汉译英第二学期笔译课件.docx

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大学英语专业汉译英第二学期笔译课件

一．ProcessofTranslation

Process:

Preparation→Working→Checking

Preparation:

Readtheoriginaltextseveraltimes→masterthegeneralmeaningintheoriginaltext→payattentiontoitsdetaileddescriptionorstatement.

Working:

Includingunderstandingandexpression（firstunderstanding→thenexpression）

Checking:

Translatorsshouldconcentratethemselvesontheversionsincludingeveryusedwords,complementthelostcontentsandcorrectthewrongorunproperversionsandcheckwhethertheversionissmoothandcorrectornot…

二．SyntactichandlinginChinese–Englishtranslation

ThedominentcontentinChinesesentencesisthemainidea,notsubject,----emphasison“parataxis”.

1.Determinethesubject

Therearefivefollowingprinciples:

1）NecessarilyAccordwithEnglishLanguageUsageandCulturalCustomNationsofUsingEnglish

热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作，建立发展贸易关系。

----Customersfromvariousregionsarewarmlywelcometoestablishanddevelopbusinesscontacts.

2）NecessarilyAccordwiththeWesterners’ThinkingMode

她从来没有想到他是个不诚实的人。

----Itneveroccurredtoherthathewasadishonestman.

3）SubjectShouldBeaProminentPartinaSentence

到去年年底，我们已同有关国家签订了100多项目建设合同和协议。

----Bytheendoflastyear,contractsandagreementsweresignedwithcountriesconcemingfortheconstructionofmorethan100projects.

4）SubjectMustAccordwiththeLogicalRetioninaSentence

我们浙江还在吸引外资企业进行老企业改造、房地产开发等方面制定了一系列优惠政策。

----OurzhejiangProvincehasalsoformulatedaseriesofpreferentialpoliciestoabsorbforeigncapitalsinsuchfieldsastechnicalrenovationofoldenterprises,andrealestatedevelopment.

我们的事业从胜利走向胜利。

----Wehavewononevictoryafteranotherforourcacuse.

5）SubjectMustAccordwiththeNeedoftheContext

中国的妇女今天社会地位和平等权利来之不易。

----Womendidnotgaintheirsocialstatusandtheirrightseasily.

2．ChoiceofPredicate

1）StateofPredicateDoesn’tChangewithoutPerson

快点过来吧！

Comeherequickly!

安静下来！

Quietdown!

2）ChinesePredicateVerbsDon’tShowtheTimeSequence,TheyCanShowtheTimeSequenceOnlytheAddedWordsShowingDifferentTimeConception

本公司全体同仁竭诚为世界服务。

----Thiscorporationwillwhole-heartedlyservevariouscircles.

该机（录放机）是市场紧俏商品，既是音响又是精美的高档家具。

----Thisproducthassoldwellsinceitenteredthemarket,notonlyasanexquisitesounder,butalsoasapieceofhigh-gradefurniture.

3）InChinese,Nouns,Adjectives,NumeralsandPreposition-phrasesMayBeDirectlyUsedasPredicates

他今年23岁。

----Heistwenty-threethisyear.

鲁迅，浙江绍兴市。

----LuXunwasfromShaoxing,Zhejiang.

北京的秋天最美。

----AutumnisthemostbeautifulseasoninBeijing.

总经理今天不在公司。

----Thechiefmanagerisnotincompanytoday.

4）InChinese,anExpressionMayBeaPredicate

他们正在谈论的那位女教师品格正直。

----Thewomanteachertheyarenowtalkingaboutisupright.

南京这个地方，我认为比西安好。

----IthinkNanjingisbetterthanXian.

5）ChineseandEnglishHaveFivePatterns

（1）Subject＋Predicate＋Precticative

（2）Subject＋Predicate

（3）Subject＋Predicate＋Object

（4）Subject＋Predicate＋Object＋ObjectComplement

（5）Subject＋Predicate＋IndirectObject＋DirectObject

6）ChinesePredicateVerbsAreMostUsedasActiveWay

那项工作已经完成了。

----Thetaskhasalreadybeenfinished.

在记者招待会上，人们问了他许多问题。

----Hewasaskedalotofquestionsatthepressconference.

7）TheChosenPredicateMustBeinKeepingwithitsSubjectinPersonsandnumerals

乡镇企业的繁荣是我国农村改革的必然产物。

----Theprosperityoftownshipenterpribesistheinevitableoutcomeoftheeconomicreformintheruralareas.

当前，我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展。

----Vocationaleducationandadulteducationarebeingpushedonenergeticallyinourcountry.

Chapter1

E-CLexicalComparisonandTranslation

Translationincludes“understandingandconveyance”.Itisverydifficulttowellmaster“thehardnuttocrack”----polysemant,whichbringsaboutaverydifficultytotranslationandconveyance.

Section1

一、ChoiceoftheMeaningofaWordintheLightoftheExplanationintheDictionary.

E.G.

1.经济问题在主席讲话中占了很大的部分。

TheeconomyfeaturedverylargelyinthePresidentspeech.

2.海南岛的主要特色就是它的气候和风景。

ThemainfeaturesofHainanIslandisitsclimateandscenery.

featre（n.v.）特色，特性，特征，面部器官，相貌，专题报道，占突出地位；

3.今天我非常高兴地宣布，我们的准备工作已经完成，协议开始生效。

TodayIamdelightedtoannouncethatourjointpreparationsarecompleteandtheagreementcomesintoeffect.

announce把……公诸于世，宣布，宣告，通报……的到达（出席），预示，预兆，

当……播音员，当报幕员，

二、

三、ChoiceoftheAppropriateMeaningofaWordAccordingtotheContext

Themeaningtoawordiscloselyrelatedwiththecontext.Thesameword,whenusedindifferentcontextsorfieldsofdiscourse（business,law,medicine,education,politics,industry,agriculture,etc.）hasdifferentmeanings.SoaBritishLinguist,Firthsaid“Eachwordisanewwordinanewcontext.”

“加强”的译法：

E.G.

1．加强了政治互信，扩大了共同利益，为亚洲经济发展增加了新的动力。

Allcountrieshaveenhancedpoliticalmutualtrustandexpandedcommoninterests,addinganewboosttoAsia’seconomicdevelopment.

2．我们加强在交通、能源、电信、贸易、投资、旅游、环境、人力资源、农业等领域合作。

Wehaveconductedcooperationinsuchareasastransportation,energy,telecommunications,trade,investment,tourism,environment,hamanresourcesandagriculture,etc.

3．我们应该加强基础设施建设。

Weshouldsetupinfrastructurebuilding.

4．我们应该加强医疗卫生体系建设，提高人民群众健康水平是各成员面临的共同任务。

Weshouldfacethetaskofimprovingthemedicalsystemandpeople’shealth.

5．我们应该加强禽流感、艾滋病等重大传染病的防控合作。

WeneedtointensifycooperationonthepreventionandcontrolofavianfluHIV/AIDSandothermajorcommunicablediseases.

6．中国的发展主要依靠自己的努力，同时，也需要加强对外合作，特别是同邻居的合作。

Chinawillmainlycountonitself,butitalsoneedsbettercooperationwiththeoutside,particularlywithitsneighbors.

7．我们应该致力于加强与周边国家的伙伴关系。

Weshouldfurthercommitourselvestocementingpartnershipwithourneighbors.

“建设”的译法

E.G.

1．国家建设

nationalreconstruction

2．国防建设

thebuildingofnationaldefense

3．城乡建设

urbanandruraldevelopment

4．社会主义现代化建设

socialistmodernizationdrive

5．加强文化建设

strengthenculturaldevelopmentefforts

6．加强廉政建设

strengtheneffortstoensurecleangovernment

7．加强制度建设

improvetheregulatorysystem

8，加强军队思想政治建设strengthenideologicalandpoliticalworkamongservicemen

9．加强青少年思想道德建设

cultivateidealsandethicsamongyoungpeople

10．加强国防和军队建设

strengthen（modernize）nationaldefenseandbuildup

thearmedservices（forces）

11．基础设施建设成就显著

theinfrastructureimprovedremarkably

12．交通建设空前发展

transportdevelopedonanunprecedentedscale

13．民主政治建设不断加强

Democracyhasbeenimprovedsteadily.

14．国家创新体系建设积极推进

SignificantprogresswasmadeinestablishingChina’s

innovationsystem.

“意见”的译法

1.两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。

Thetwoleadersexchangedviewsonbilateralrelationsandissuesofcommonconcern.

2．他们对这项计划提出了修改意见。

Theyofferedsomesuggestionsfortherevisionoftheplan.

3．党员应该虚心听取群众的意见。

Partymembersshouldlistencarefullytotheopinionsofthegeneralpublic.

4.大家对这一做法很有意见。

Everyonecomplaintagainstsuchapractice.

5．他们在会上闹起了意见。

Theyhadadisputeatthemeeting.

6．你应该听从医生的意见。

Youshouldfollowthedoctor’sadvice.

7.他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。

Theyreachedaconsensusontheissue.

四、ChoiceoftheAppropriateMeaningofaWordAccordingtoCollocations

Somewordshavethesamebasicmeaning,butdifferincollocation.Thatis,theyhavedifferentcollocativemeanings.

Oneproblemwithcollocationintranslationisthat,veryoften,whatisgoodcollocationinEnglishmaynotbesowhentranslatedintoChinese,orviceversa,forexample,itisperfectlyallrightinEnglishtosay“ahandsomecar”,but“英俊的车子”wouldbetotallyunacceptabletotheChinesereaders.ThusinC–EtranslationatranslatormustensurethattheversionisidiomaticorcollocativelyacceptableinChinese.

“水平”的译法

1．生活水平livingstandard

2．文化水平culturallevel

3．领导水平one’sartofleadership

4．水平贸易horizontaltrade

5．水平仪spiritlevel

“正式”的译法

1．正式列入记录beofficiallyplacedonrecord

2.正式成员aregular（full）member

3.正式开幕formalityopened

4．正式党员fullmemberoftheParty

5．正式访问official（orformal）visit

6.正式会谈formaltalks

7.正式声明officialstatement

四、ChoiceoftheMeaningofaWordConformingtotheLogicWithoutConsideringofLiteralMeaning.

1．坚持以人为本alwaysbepeople-oriented/Humanfactorscomefirst

2.绿色通道landscapedroadways

3.偷税漏税taxevasion

4．优先安置hiringpreference

5.人才市场humanresourcespool

6.招商tradeandinvestmentpromotion

7.奖励工资制度abonuswagessystem

8．标准汇率DefinitiveConversionRate

9.开始谈正题getdowntobusiness

10．马马虎虎afterafashion

11．擅自使用makefreewith

12．崭露头角cometothefront

13．充分发挥自己的才能tofulfilloneself

14．博得全场喝彩bringdownthegallery

15．近水楼台afavourableposition

16．举足轻重holdthebalance

Section2

DictioninTranslation

WeshouldtrytohelpChinesestudentsrecognizethedifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishbymeansofthecomparativestudyandknowtheknowsbutthewhys.

一、ChioceoftheMeaningofaWordAccordingtoSemanticScope

E.G.

1.根据你的建议，我们应该办大厂了。

Weshouldgoinfor（run）industryinabigwayinaccordancewithyoursuggestion.

2.他们在教室打扫卫生。

Theyareghivingtheclassroomagood（general/spring/through）clean（ing）.

3.如果你那样做，就大错特错了。

Ifyoudoitlikethat,you’llbecompletely（gravely/seriously）mistaken（beabsolutelywrong/makeabigmistake/makeamajorblunder/commitaverygrosserror/allwet.）

Section3

DiversityinTranslation

Somesentences,expressions,idiomsandwordswhichappearrepeatedlywithoutchangingtheirmeaningsarevividlytranslatedbyusinglanguagewithrichandvariedandappropriateform.Thatisdiversityintranslation.

一、DiversityintranslatingChinesewords

“积极”的译法

E.G.

1.积极利用国外资源

makeeffectiveuseofoverseasresources

2．积极推进大型煤矿建设

vigorousl