MBA联考答案英语真题及详解.docx

MBA联考答案英语真题及详解.docx

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MBA联考答案英语真题及详解

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SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas1acrosstheWeb.

Canprivacybepreserved2bringingseemsincreasingly3?

_

safetyandsecuritytoaworldthat

Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation'scyber-czar,offeredthefederal

governmenta4tomaketheWebasaferplace-a“voluntarytrustedidentitysystemthatwouldbethehigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled6one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,atarangeofonlineservices.

Theideaisto8afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.User

could9whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshave

beenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver'slicense10bythegovernment.

GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“single

sign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.

12.theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”ncyberspace,withsafe

“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa13

community.

Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhich“individuals

andorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith14,trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionruns”.

Still,theadministration'splanhas16privacyrightsactivists.Some

applaudtheapproach;othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17beacompulsoryInternet“driveslicense”mentality.

Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem”envisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet19.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe20toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.

1.A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.ridden

2.A.forB.withinC.whileD.though

3.A.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessD.helpless

4.A.reasonB.reminderC.compromiseD.proposal

5A.information

6.A.byB.intoC.fromD.over

7.A.linkedB.directedC.chainedD.compared

8.A.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improve

9.A.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realize

10.A.relcasedB.issuedC.distributedD.delivered

11.A.carryonB.lingeronC.setinD.login

12.A.InvainB.IneffectC.InreturnD.Incontrast

13.A.trustedB.modernizedc.thrivingD.competing

14.A.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patience

15.A.onB.afterC.beyondD.across

16.A.dividedB.disappointedC.protectedD.united

17.A.frequestlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventually

18.A.skepticismB.releraneeC.indiffereneeD.enthusiasm

19.A.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerableD.invisible

20.A.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forced

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs'sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:

ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman'

compensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?

ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.

Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm'sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive'sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.

TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan

10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.

Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchers

concentratedonthose“surprise”disappearancesbydirectorsundertheage

of70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlarger

firms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformaneeatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumpingoffasinkingship.Oftenthey“tradeup.”Leavingriskier,

smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.

Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor.

[A]gainingexcessiveprofits

[B]failingtofulfillherduty

[C]refusingtomakecompromises

[D]leavingtheboardintoughtimes

22.WelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe.

[A]generousinvestors

[B]unbiasedexecutives

[C]sharepriceforecasters

[D]independentadvisers

23.AccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector'ssurprisedeparture,thefirmislikelyto.

[A]becomemorestable

[B]reportincreasedearnings

[C]dolesswellinthestockmarket

[D]performworseinlawsuits

24.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors.

[A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm

[B]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirm

[C]areaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirm

[D]willdeclineincentivesfromthefirm

25.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis.

[A]permissive

[B]positive

[C]scornful

[D]critical

Text2

Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?

Ayearagotheendseemednear.

Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.America'sFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaround

oftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldtheybecomecharitablecorporations?

Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?

Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.

Inmuchoftheworldthereisthesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapers

haveshruggedofftherecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoften

returnedtoprofit.Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.

Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince2007.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.

Newspapersarebecomingmorebalaneedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianeeonads.Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development（OECD）.InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanese

newspapersaremuchmorestable.

Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratedinareaswherenewspaperareleastdistinctive.Carandfilmreviewershavegone.Sohavescieneeandgeneralbusinessreporters.Foreignbureaushavebeensavagelycutoff.Newspapersarelesscompleteasaresult.ButcompletenessisnoIongeravirtueinthenewspaperbusiness.

26.Bysaying“Newspaperslike…theirowndoom”（Lines3-4,Para.1）,

theauthorindicatesthatnewspaper.

[A]neglectedthesignofcrisis

[B]failedtogetstatesubsidies

[C]werenotcharitablecorporations

[D]wereinadesperatesituation

27.Somenewspapersrefuseddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecause.

[A]readersthreatenedtopayless

[B]newspaperswantedtoreducecosts

[C]journalistsreportedlittleabouttheseareas

□subscriberscomplainedaboutslimmerproducts

28.ComparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,Japanesenewspapersaremuch

morestablebecausethey.

[A]havemoresourcesofrevenue

[B]havemorebalaneednewsrooms

[C]arelessdependentonadvertising

[D]arelessaffectedbyreadership

29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaperbusiness?

[A]Distinctivenessisanessentialfeatureofnewspapers.

[B]Completenessistoblameforthefailureofnewspaper.

[C]Foreignbu