Pulse-width Modulated DC-DC Power Converters.pdf

Pulse-width Modulated DC-DC Power Converters.pdf

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Pulse-widthModulatedDCDCPowerConvertersMARIANK.KAZIMIERCZUKWrightStateUniversityDayton,Ohio,USAAJohnWileyandSons,Ltd,PublicationPulse-widthModulatedDCDCPowerConvertersPulse-widthModulatedDCDCPowerConvertersMARIANK.KAZIMIERCZUKWrightStateUniversityDayton,Ohio,USAAJohnWileyandSons,Ltd,PublicationThiseditionfirstpublished20082008JohnWiley&Sons,LtdRegisteredofficeJohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UnitedKingdomFordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthowtoapplyforpermissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteat.TherightoftheauthortobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbytheUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher.Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks.Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.Allbrandnamesandproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksorregisteredtrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook.Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritativeinformationinregardtothesubjectmattercovered.Itissoldontheunderstandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought.AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.ISBN:

978-0-470-77301-7（HB）TypesetbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,IndiaPrintedandboundbyMarkonoPrintMediaPteLtd.SingaporeTomyfamilyContentsPrefacexixAbouttheAuthorxxiListofSymbolsxxiii1Introduction11.1ClassificationofPowerSupplies11.2BasicFunctionsofVoltageRegulators31.3PowerRelationshipsinDCDCConverters51.4DCTransferFunctionsofDCDCConverters51.5StaticCharacteristicsofDCVoltageRegulators61.6DynamicCharacteristicsofDCVoltageRegulators91.7LinearVoltageRegulators121.7.1SeriesVoltageRegulator131.7.2ShuntVoltageRegulator141.8TopologiesofPWMDCDCConverters171.9RelationshipsamongCurrent,Voltage,Energy,andPower181.10ElectromagneticCompatibility191.11Summary201.12References201.13ReviewQuestions211.14Problems222BuckPWMDCDCConverter232.1Introduction232.2DCAnalysisofPWMBuckConverterforCCM232.2.1CircuitDescription232.2.2Assumptions272.2.3TimeInterval0tDT272.2.4TimeIntervalDTtT282.2.5DeviceStressesforCCM292.2.6DCVoltageTransferFunctionforCCM29viiiCONTENTS2.2.7BoundarybetweenCCMandDCM302.2.8RippleVoltageinBuckConverterforCCM322.2.9SwitchingLosseswithLinearMOSFETOutputCapacitance372.2.10SwitchingLosseswithNonlinearMOSFETOutputCapacitance392.2.11PowerLossesandEfficiencyofBuckConverterforCCM422.2.12DCVoltageTransferFunctionofLossyConverterforCCM462.2.13MOSFETGate-drivePower472.2.14DesignofBuckConverterforCCM482.3DCAnalysisofPWMBuckConverterforDCM512.3.1TimeInterval0tDT542.3.2TimeIntervalDTt（D+D1）T562.3.3TimeInterval（D+D1）TtT572.3.4DeviceStressesforDCM572.3.5DCVoltageTransferFunctionforDCM572.3.6MaximumInductanceforDCM592.3.7PowerLossesandEfficiencyofBuckConverterforDCM612.3.8DesignofBuckConverterforDCM632.4BuckConverterwithInputFilter692.5BuckConverterwithSynchronousRectifier692.6BuckConverterwithPositiveCommonRail722.7Tapped-inductorBuckConverters742.7.1Tapped-inductorCommon-diodeBuckConverter742.7.2Tapped-inductorCommon-transistorBuckConverter762.7.3WatkinsJohnsonConverter762.8MultiphaseBuckConverter772.9Summary792.10References812.11ReviewQuestions812.12Problems823BoostPWMDCDCConverter853.1Introduction853.2DCAnalysisofPWMBoostConverterforCCM853.2.1CircuitDescription853.2.2Assumptions883.2.3TimeInterval0tDT883.2.4TimeIntervalDTtT893.2.5DCVoltageTransferFunctionforCCM903.2.6BoundarybetweenCCMandDCM913.2.7RippleVoltageinBoostConverterforCCM933.2.8PowerLossesandEfficiencyofBoostConverterforCCM953.2.9DCVoltageTransferFunctionofLossyBoostConverterforCCM973.2.10DesignofBoostConverterforCCM993.3DCAnalysisofPWMBoostConverterforDCM1033.3.1TimeInterval0tDT105CONTENTSix3.3.2TimeIntervalDTt（D+D1）T1063.3.3TimeInterval（D+D1）TtT1083.3.4DeviceStressesforDCM1083.3.5DCVoltageTransferFunctionforDCM1083.3.6MaximumInductanceforDCM1123.3.7PowerLossesandEfficiencyofBoostConverterforDCM1123.3.8DesignofBoostConverterforDCM1153.4BidirectionalBuckandBoostConverters1223.5Tapped-inductorBoostConverters1243.5.1Tapped-inductorCommon-diodeBoostConverter1263.5.2Tapped-inductorCommon-loadBoostConverter1263.6Duality1273.7PowerFactorCorrection1293.7.1PowerFactor1293.7.2BoostPowerFactorCorrector1323.8Summary1343.9References1353.10ReviewQuestions1363.11Problems1364Buck-boostPWMDCDCConverter1394.1Introduction1394.2DCAnalysisofPWMBuck-boostConverterforCCM1394.2.1CircuitDescription1394.2.2Assumptions1404.2.3TimeInterval0tDT1424.2.4TimeIntervalDTtT1424.2.5DCVoltageTransferFunctionforCCM1434.2.6DeviceStressesforCCM1444.2.7BoundarybetweenCCMandDCM1454.2.8RippleVoltageinBuck-boostConverterforCCM1464.2.9PowerLossesandEfficiencyoftheBuck-boostConverterforCCM1494.2.10DCVoltageTransferFunctionofLossyBuck-boostConverterforCCM1514.2.11DesignofBuck-boostConverterforCCM1534.3DCAnalysisofPWMBuck-boostConverterforDCM1594.3.1TimeInterval0tDT1604.3.2TimeIntervalDTt（D+D1）T1624.3.3TimeInterval（D+D1）TtT1624.3.4DeviceStressesoftheBuck-boostConverterinDCM1624.3.5DCVoltageTransferFunctionoftheBuck-boostConverterforDCM1634.3.6MaximumInductanceforDCM1664.3.7PowerLossesandEfficiencyoftheBuck-boostConverterinDCM1664.3.8DesignofBuck-boostConverterforDCM1684.4BidirectionalBuck-boostConverter1744.5SynthesisofBuck-boostConverter175xCONTENTS4.6SynthesisofBoost-buck（Cuk）Converter1774.7NoninvertingBuck-boostConverters1784.7.1CascadedNoninvertingBuck-boostConverters1784.7.2Four-transistorNoninvertingBuck-boostConverters1794.8Tapped-inductorBuck-boostConverters1814.8.1Tapped-inductorCommon-diodeBuck-boostConverter1814.8.2Tapped-inductorCommon-transistorBuck-boostConverter1824.8.3Tapped-inductorCommon-loadBuck-boostConverter1834.8.4Tapped-inductorCommon-sourceBuck-boostConverter1844.9Summary1854.10References1864.11ReviewQuestions1874.12Problems1875FlybackPWMDCDCConverter1895.1Introduction1895.2Transformers1905.3DCAnalysisofPWMFlybackConverterforCCM1915.3.1DerivationofPWMFlybackConverter1915.3.2CircuitDescription1925.3.3Assumptions1935.3.4TimeInterval0tDT1955.3.5TimeIntervalDTtT1965.3.6DCVoltageTransferFunctionforCCM1975.3.7BoundarybetweenCCMandDCM1985.3.8RippleVoltageinFlybackConverterforCCM1995.3.9PowerLossesandEfficiencyofFlybackConverterforCCM2015.3.10DCVoltageTransferFunctionofLossyConverterforCCM2045.3.11DesignofFlybackConverterforCCM2055.4DCAnalysisofPWMFlybackConverterforDCM2115.4.1TimeInterval0tDT2125.4.2TimeIntervalDTt（D+D1）T2135.4.3TimeInterval（D+D1）TtT2145.4.4DCVoltageTransferFunctionforDCM2145.4.5MaximumMagnetizingInductanceforDCM2185.4.6RippleVoltageinFlybackConverterforDCM2185.4.7PowerLossesandEfficiencyofFlybackConverterforDCM2195.4.8DesignofFlybackConverterforDCM2225.5Multiple-outputFlybackConverter2285.6BidirectionalFlybackConverter2295.7RinginginFlybackConverter2295.8FlybackConverterwithActiveClamping2325.9Two-transistorFlybackConverter2335.10Summary2345.11References235CONTENTSxi5.12ReviewQuestions2365.13Problems2366ForwardPWMDCDCConverter2396.1Introduction2396.2DCAnalysisofPWMForwardConverterforCCM2396.2.1DerivationofForwardPWMConverter2396.2.2TimeInterval0tDT2416.2.3TimeIntervalDTtDT+tm2436.2.4TimeIntervalDT+tmtT2456.2.5MaximumDutyCycle2466.2.6DeviceStresses2466.2.7DCVoltageTransferFunctionforCCM2476.2.8BoundarybetweenCCMandDCM2486.2.9RippleVoltageinForwardConverterforCCM2486.2.10PowerLossesandEfficiencyofForwardConverterforCCM2506.2.11DCVoltageTransferFunctionofLossyConverterforCCM2536.2.12DesignofForwardConverterforCCM2546.3DCAnalysisofPWMForwardConverterforDCM2616.3.1TimeInterval0tDT2616.3.2TimeIntervalDTtDT+tm2646.3.3TimeIntervalDT+tmt（D+D1）T2656.3.4TimeInterval（D+D1）TtT2656.3.5DCVoltageTransferFunctionforDCM2666.3.6MaximumInductanceforDCM2706.3.7PowerLossesandEfficiencyofForwardConverterforDCM2706.3.8DesignofForwardConverterforDCM2736.4Multiple-outputForwardConverter2806.5ForwardConverterwithSynchronousRectifier2816.6ForwardConverterswithActiveClamping2816.7Two-switchForwardConverter2836.8Summary2836.9References2846.10ReviewQuestions2856.11Problems2867Half-bridgePWMDCDCConverter2897.1Introduction2897.2DCAnalysisofPWMHalf-bridgeConverterforCCM2897.2.1CircuitDescription2897.2.2Assumptions2917.2.3TimeInterval0tDT2927.2.4TimeIntervalDTtT/22957.2.5TimeIntervalT/2tT/2+DT2967.2.6TimeIntervalT/2+DTtT297xiiCONTENTS7.2.7DeviceStresses2977.2.8DCVoltageTransferFunctionofLosslessHalf-bridgeConverterforCCM2987.2.9BoundarybetweenCCMandDCM2997.2.10RippleVoltageinHalf-bridgeConverterforCCM2997.2.11PowerLossesandEfficiencyofHalf-bridgeConverterforCCM3017.2.12DCVoltageTransferFunctionofLossyConverterforCCM