英语四级阅读练习及答案41795.docx

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英语四级阅读练习及答案41795

英语四级阅读练习及答案

PassageOne:

Asthehorizonsofsciencehaveexpended,twomaingroupsofscientistshaveemerged.Oneisthepurescientist,theother,appliedscientist.

Thepureortheoreticalscientistdoesoriginalresearchinordertounderstandthebasiclawsofthenaturethatgovernourworld.Theappliedscientistadaptsthisknowledgetopracticeproblems.Neitherismoreimportantthantheothers,however,forthegroupsareverymuchrelated.

Sometimes,however,theappliedscientistfindsthe“problems”forthetheoreticalscientisttoworkon.Let’stakeaparticularproblemoftheaircraftindustry:

heat-resistantmetals.Manyofthemetalsandalloysthatperformsatisfactorilyincarcannotbeusedinajet-propelled(喷气推进式)plane,Newalloysmustbeused,becausethejetengineoperatesatamuchhighertemperaturethananautomobileengine.Theturbinewheel(涡轮)inaturbojet(涡轮喷气发动机)mustwithstandtemperaturesashighas1,600degreesFahrenheit,soaircraftdesignershavetoturntotheresearchmetallurgistforthedevelopmentofmetalsandalloysthatwoulddothejobinjet-propelledplanes.

Divingscientistsintotwogroups-pureandapplied-isonlyonebroadwayofclassifyingthem,however.Whenscientificknowledgewasverylimited,therewasnoneedformentospecialize.Today,withthegreatbodyofscientificknowledge,scientistsspecializeinmanydifferentfields.Withineachfield,thereisevenfurthersubdivision.And,withfinerandfinersubdivisions,thevariousscienceshavebecomemoreandmoreinterrelateduntilnobranchisentirelyindependentoftheothers.Manynewspecialties-geophysicsandbiochemistry,forexample-haveresultedfromcombiningtheknowledgeoftwoormorescience.

appliedscientist     

A)    doesoriginalresearchtothebasiclawsofnature 

B)    appliedtheresultofresearchtopracticalproblems

C)    providesthebasicknowledgeforthepurescientist

D)    isnotinterestedinpracticalproblems

2.Theexamplegiveninthethirdparagraphillustrateshow           

A)    purescienceoperatesindependentlyofappliedscience

B)     theappliedscientistdiscoverthebasiclawsofnature

C)     appliedsciencedefinesalltheareasinwhichbasicresearchisdone

D)     appliedsciencesuggestsproblemsforthebasicscientist    

3.Finerandfinersubdivisioninthefieldofsciencehasresultedin    

A)    thelossoftheneedforspecialists

B)    greaterinterdependenceofeachscience

C)    greaterdependenceofeachscience

D)     theneedforonlyoneclassificationifscientists

4.Geophysicsandbiochemistryare    .

A)    examplesofnewspecialtiesresultingfromcombingsciences

B)    totallydependentsciences

C)    amongtheoldestsciencesknowntoman

D)    bothB)andC)

5.“Thehorizonsofsciencehaveexpanded,”(para1)meansthat    

A)    scientistscanseefurtheroutintospace

B)    sciencehasdeveloped morefieldofhumanendeavor

C)    thehorizonchangessizefromyeartoyear

D)    scientistshavemadeamachineforenlargingthehorizon

 

PassageTwo:

Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlives,andalthoughwemaytakethefriendshipforgranted,weoftendon’tclearlyunderstandhowwemakefriends.Whilewegetonwellwithonlyanumberofpeople,weareusuallyfriendswithonlyaveryfew.Forexample,theaverageamongstudentsisabout6perperson.Inallthecasesoffriendlyrelationship,twopeoplelikeoneanotherandenjoybeingtogether,butbeyondthat,thedegreeofintimacybetweenthemandthereasonsfortheirsharedinterestvaryenormously.Aswegettoknowpeoplewetakeintoaccountthingslikeages,race,economiccondition,socialposition,andintelligence.Althoughthesefactorsarenotofprimeimportance,itismoredifficulttogetonwithpeoplewhenthereisamarkeddifferenceinageandbackground.

  Somefriendlyrelationshipscanbekeptonargumentanddiscussion,butitisusuallyforclosefriendstohavesimilarideasandbeliefs,tohaveattitudeandinterestsincommon—theyoftentalkabout“beingonthesamewavelength”.Itgenerallytakestimetoreachthispoint.Andthemoreintimatelyinvolvedpeoplebecome,themoretheyrelyononeanother.Peoplewanttodofriendsfavorsandhatetobreakanpromise.Equally,friendshavetolearntoputupwithannoyinghabitsandtotolerantdifferencesofopinion.

Incontrastwithmarriage,therearenofriendshipceremoniestostrengthentheassociationbetweentwopeople.Butthesupportingandunderstandingofeachotherthatresultsfromsharedexperiencesandemotionsdoesseemtocreateapowerfulbond,whichcanovercomedifferencesinbackgroundandbreakdownofage,classandrace.

totheauthor,      .   

A)          allthosewhogetonwellwitheachotherarefriends

B)        friendsarecloserthanpeoplewhojustgetonwellwitheachother

C)        everyoneunderstandclearlyhowtomakefriends

D)        everystudentshas6friends

7.Whenwemakefriends,weconsidersuchthingsasage,raceandbackgroundbecause    

A)    itisnoteasytohaveafriendlyrelationshipwithpeoplewhenthereisamarkeddifferenceinageandbackground

B)    thedegreedoffriendshipbetweenpeopleandthereasonfortheirsharedinterestscanvarygreatly

C)    friendsneedtoknowallthesethings

D)    thesearethemostimportantfactorstomakefriends

8.Inparagraph2,“beingonthesamewavelength”means     .

A)    usingthesamefrequencywhiletalking

B)    keepingthesamefriendlyrelationshipasotherpeopledo

C)    havingsimilarideas,beliefs,attitudesandinterests

D)    havingthesamebackground

9.Whichofthefollowingisnotimpliedordirectlystatedinthepassage

A)    Evenfriendsmayhavedifferencesofopinions

B)    Friendsneverarguewitheachother

C)    Itgenerallytakestimeforpeopletobecomeclosefriends.

D)    Someone’shabitsmayannoyhisfriends.

10.Tostrengthenfriendlyrelationship,people     

A)    mustholdfriendshipceremonies

B)    havetoeliminatedifferencesinbackground

C)    shouldmakefriendswiththosewhoareofthesameageandthesamerace

D)    shouldsupportandunderstandeachotherthroughsharedexperiencesandemotions

 

PassageThree:

  Themovementtowardcentralizationofauthorityinstatedepartmentsofeducationhasinsomecasescreatedfrictionwithcommunities,whichregardthismodernpolicyasusurpation(篡夺,夺取)oftheirrights.Constitutionally,therecanbenodoubtthatthestatehasarighttoprescribe(指示)tothelocaldistrictsinanydegreewhichitwill.Legislatures(立法机构)havebeengivenpowerbyStateConstitutionswhichmakethemthemostimportantpolicy-makingagentforeducationinastate.Legislaturesestablishtheframework(机构)foreducation;theymakedirectappropriationsforeducation;theycreateeducationalinstitutions;andtheydeterminewhetherofnotcertaineducationalprogramsaretobeauthorized,expanded,decreased,oreliminated(废除).  

TheLegislatureusuallyauthorizesaStateeducationdepartmenttoadministeritspolicies.Itmay,however,provideforastateboardofeducationtoadviseitregardingpolicyandtoadministertheeducationalprogram.Thecentralagencymaydefinetheextentofthelocaldistrictandmaydetermineindetailwhatshallbedonewithinthisdistrict.Whilethisistheconstitutionalrightofthestate,thepracticalfactisthatthelocaldistrictconductsitsschoolsinverylargemeasureaccordingtoitsowndesires,andlocalofficersoftentalkuponstatesupervisionasindefensibleinterference

11.Aboutthecentralizationofauthorityinstatedepartmentofeducation,somecommunitiesfeelthat      .

A)    theirrightsareimproved

B)    theirrightsareignored

C)    theirrightsareviolated

D)    theirrightsareprotected

12.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingrightsareNOTbelongtothestate

A)    Therighttoadministerentranceexamination.

B)    Therighttoexpandordecreaseeducationalprograms.

C)    Therighttobudgetschoolprograms

D)    Therighttocreatededucationalinstitutions.

13.WhatdoestheLegislatureusuallydoinadministeringPolicies

A)    Itadministerspoliciesbyitself.

B)    ItauthorizesaStateeducationdepartmentadministeritspolicies.

C)    ItisauthorizedbyaStateeducationdepartmenttoadministeritspolicies.

D)    Itauthorizesastateboardofeducationtoadministertheeducationalprogram.

14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutactualeducationalsituation

A)    Thelocaldistricthasalotofcontroloveritsschools

B)    Thecentralagencymayextendtheextentofthelocaldistricts

C)    Statesupervisionisnotalwayswelcometolocaldistricts.

D)    LocalofficersforbidStatesupervisioniftheythinkitisakindofinterference

15.whichofthefollowingtitlescanbestsummarizethearticle

A)    TheLegislatureAdministersitsPolicies

B)    TheCentralizationofAuthorityinStateDepartmentofEducation

C)    TheRoleoftheStateinEducation

D)    TheRightsoftheLocalDistricts

 

PassageFour:

 

 

  Somepeoplebelievedthatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygamestogethertheywilllearntolivetogether.Otherssaythattheoppositeistrue:

thoseinternationalcontestsencouragefalsenationalprideandleadtomisunderstandingandhatred.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments,butinrecentyearstheOlympicGameshavedonelittletosupporttheviewthatsportsencourageinternationalbrotherhood.Notonlywastherecentincidentoftragedyinvolvingmurderofathletes,buttheGameswerealsoruinedbyles

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