高三英语二轮专题复习题型二 推理判断题 6写作意图题.docx
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高三英语二轮专题复习题型二推理判断题6写作意图题
六、推理判断——写作意图题
(2018·北京,C)
Plastic-EatingWorms
Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.
ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.
FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,”sheexplains.“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”
JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。
作者介绍了一项科学发现:
一种吃塑料的虫子——大蜡螟,它胃中的酶能够降解塑料,从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径。
43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?
A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.
B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.
C.Theycanconsumeplastics.
D.Theywindupinlandfills.
[答案] C
[解析] 推理判断题。
根据第二段第一句“...foundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene...”和第二句中的“thewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams”可知,研究人员在研究中发现大蜡螟蠕虫可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯,显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料,与选项C中提到的“吃塑料”吻合。
44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.
A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdown
B.findoutthesourceoftheenzyme
C.confirmtheresearchfindings
D.increasethebreakdownspeed
[答案] B
[解析] 细节理解题。
根据第四段最后两句“Thenextstep...Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?
”可知,接下来人们需要证实的就是酶是从哪里产生的。
选项B“查明酶的来源”与此吻合。
45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.
A.helptoraiseworms
B.helpmakeplasticbags
C.beusedtocleantheoceans
D.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture
[答案] D
[解析] 推理判断题。
根据最后一段第二句“Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply‘millionsofworms...’”可知,研究人员期望在某种工业流程中使用这种化学制品,而不仅仅是把数百万的虫子扔到塑料上。
这与选项D中提到的“今后工厂可能生产这种化学制品”吻合。
46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.
B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.
C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.
D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.
[答案] C
[解析] 写作意图题。
作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究,显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。
选项C与此意吻合。
一、题型解读
各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题。
设问形式常有:
1.整篇文章的写作目的/意图:
(1)Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto.
(2)Thepurposeofthetextisto.
(3)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
(4)Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat.
2.某处细节的写作目的/意图:
(1)Thewriteruses...inthefirstparagraphto.
(2)Thewriterusestheexampleof...to.
(3)Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto.
二、解题技巧
1.文体特点推意图
(1)记叙文:
一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性语言,且往往有一定的哲理性,所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的。
(2)应用文:
文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍,使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。
(3)说明文:
写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握,阅读时需要找准主题句。
(4)议论文:
提出论点——进行论证——得出结论,作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。
2.看写作手法找[答案]
(1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时[答案]中往往会含有tobringin/tointroducethetopic等字眼。
(2)举例或引用某人的话时[答案]中往往会含有tosupport/toshow...
例如:
【真题感悟】中的第46题,文章为说明文,主要介绍了一项新的研究发现——蠕虫可以分解塑料。
因此可以推断该篇文章的写作意图是告诉读者一种新的分解塑料的方法。
A
(2018·湖南第二次联考)
Inmyveryfirstjobwithsome1archaeologists,Iwasn’tdiggingobjectsoutoftheground,insteadIwasemployedasanartist,drawingwhattheyfound.However,Iwassoonmoreinterestedinthestoriesbehindtheobjectsthanindrawingthemandthat’showmycareerinarchaeologystarted.IstilldrawwhatIfindinmyworkasaspecialistontheSilkRoad,theoldtraderouterunningfromEgypttoMongolia,andIalsoworkonsomeunderwaterprojectstoo.
Inarchaeology,myall-timeheroisanAmericancalledRaphaelPumpelly.IfirstheardabouthimwhenIwasastudentonatriptoTurkmenistan,acountryrightintheheartofAsia.Togetaroundthecountry,IhadtolearnRussiansothatIcouldspeaktothelocalpeople.WhenIgotthereIthought,“Wow!
I’moneofthefirstAmericanshere!
”ThenanoldmantoldmeaboutanAmericanarchaeologist,RaphaelPumpelly,whowastheredoingthesamethingover100yearsago.
Archaeology’sinmyfamily.Mywife’sinthesame2profession,and,althoughourtwoboysaren’tinterestedinthefutureinarchaeologythemselves,we’vebeenonsomegreatdigstogetherandtheylovewhatwedobecausetheygettotravelwithus.Lastsummer,wetookthemtoLakeTiticacainSouthAmerica,inthehighareasoftheAndesmountainrange.MybestexperiencewaswhenIwasdiggingontheEgyptianRedSeacoast.There’sverylittlerainandit’ssodrythateverythingiskeptasitwas.Inanoldhouse,wheretheownerusedtostoregoodsfromtheshipsthatcamein,Ipickedupa700-year-oldmatinfrontofthehouseandthere,underit,afterallthattime,wasthehousekeywiththeowner’snamecarvedonit.Itfeltlikehecouldbeonhiswayhomeanyminute!
AndIthought,“Hey,Idojustthat.Thisman’snotmuchdifferenttome!
”
语篇解读 作者在文章中介绍了自己喜欢做考古学家的原因,并讲述了自己在各地考古的经历和感受。
1.WhileworkinginEgypt,whatdidthewriterfindsointeresting?
A.Thatpeoplefromdifferentcenturiescouldbesosimilar.
B.Thefactthatthedoormatwasinsuchgoodcondition.
C.Thewaythepeoplemanagedtoliveinsuchadryplace.
D.Thattherehadbeensomuchtradeinthatarea.
[答案] A
[解析] 推理判断题。
根据第三段“MybestexperiencewaswhenIwasdiggingontheEgyptianRedSeacoast.”和“Itfeltlikehecouldbeonhiswayhomeanyminute!
AndIthought,‘Hey,Idojustthat.Thisman’snotmuchdifferenttome!
’”可知,作者看见了地垫下的钥匙,感觉700年前的那个人就在回家的路上,感觉彼此没有什么不同。
故选A。
2.Which3entrywillthewriterprobablymakeinhisdiary?
A.Turkmenistanisinteresting.I’mthefirstAmericantocomeherebutI’mgladthisismylasttripaway.
B.Ihavebeendivingtodayandfoundsomeobjectsforanexhibition.I’vejustfinisheddrawingthemformyrecords.
C.Iwishmychildrenweren’tmoreinterestedinarchaeologyandwouldnotworkhardintheopenliketheirparents.
D.It’snearlydarkbutRaphael’sstillbusydigginginthatoldhouse.Hecanbeveryannoying.Hethinkshe’sthemostimportantpersonhere.
[答案] B
[解析] 推理判断题。
根据第一段中的“IstilldrawwhatIfindinmyworkasaspecialistontheSilkRoad,theoldtraderouterunningfromEgypttoMongolia,andIalsoworkonsomeunderwaterprojectstoo.”可知,作者从事画图工作,还从事水下工作。
B项与画图和水下工作有关,故选B。
3.Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?
A.Todescribethelifeofanarchaeologistheadmires.
B.Topersuadepeopletotakeuparchaeologyasacareer.
C.Toexplainwhatheenjoysaboutbeinganarchaeologist.
D.Toshowhowarchaeologistswork.
[答案] C
[解析] 写作意图题。
根据第一段中的“Iwassoonmoreinterestedinthestoriesbehindtheobjectsthanindrawingthem”可知,作者在文中解释了自己喜欢做考古学家的原因,故选C。
B
Stainedglass(彩色玻璃)artistscreatedifferentdesignsbymakingcutsontheglassto“score”itandthenbreakingoffthepatternthattheywanttouseinthefinishedproduct.Themostdifficultcutinstainedglassiscalledaninsidecut.Basically,it’sacurved(弯曲的)linewhereyouthrowawaythepartinsideofthecurve.Theproblemwithinsidecutsisthattheedgesofthecurvetendtobreakoffwhenthepiecesofscoredglassarebrokenapart.
Astheartisttalkedaboutinsidecuts,hesaid,“Theglasswillbreakintopiecesifyoutrytocuttoomuchoffatonce.Thebestwaytodoaninsidecutisto7sliceoffsmallercurvespiece-by-piece.Infact,it’snotjustthebestwaytodoit,butit’stheonlywaytodoit.”
Howmanytimesdoyoutrytomakeabigchangeandcuttheentirepieceatonce?
Weconvinceourselvesthatwecandothisallthetime.We’ll4committo5transformingourdietovernightorwegetinspiredtolaunchabusinessinaweekendorwefinallygetmotivatedtoworkoutandpushourselvestotheedgeofburningout.
Whynotapproachyourgoalsanddreamslikeastainedglassartist?
Startingbyslicingashallowcurveandbreakingasmallpieceoff,youcutaslightlydeepercurveandbreakthatoffuntilyouhaveyourfullinsidecut.Byslowlycuttingdeeperanddeepercurves,youpreventtheglassfrombreakingasitchangesshape.
Ofcourse,changeisn’teasy—nomatterhowyoudoit.Slowgainsareboring,butifwekeepmakingsmallimprovements,thenprettysoonwewillendupwithabeautifulmasterpieceonourhandsinsteadofabunchofbrokenpieces.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。
作者通过讲述玻璃艺术家切割玻璃的方式——慢慢地切割不造成玻璃破碎——告诉读者生活中我们也应该一点点取得进步,最后达到目标,获得成功。
4.Whyisaninsidecutbelievedtobemostdifficult?
A.Itneedsaone-and-onlydesign.
B.It6callsfornothingbutinspiration.
C.Theedgesofthecurvebreakeasily.
D.Theglassinsidethecurveiseasilybroken.
[答案] C
[解析] 细节理解题。
根据第一段最后一句可知,内部切割的问题在于,当划过的玻璃裂开的时候,曲线的边缘往往会折断。
故选C。
5.What