新视野大学英语读写教程2Unit1.docx
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新视野大学英语读写教程2Unit1
Unit1
SectionA
Time-ConsciousAmericans
DetailedstudyoftheText
1.Americansbelievenoonestandsstill.(Para.1)
Meaning:
Americansbelievenoonekeepsmotionless;everyonemoves.
→Here“stand”means“keeporstayinaparticularpositionorstate”.Inthissense,“stand”isfollowedbyadjectives.Moreexamples:
Theroomstandsidle.这房间闲置着。
Standfirm-don’tletthemtellyouwhattodo.要坚定,不要让他们对你指手画脚。
Theystandopposedtothenewlaw.他们反对这项新法律。
2.…youarefallingbehind.(Para.1)
★fallbehind:
movemoreslowlythanotherpeoplesothatoneisbehindthem.
fallbehindinscience在科学方面落后
fallbehindone’scompetitors落后于竞争对手。
Thestudenthasbeenworkinghardforfearthatheshuoldfallbehind.这个学生一直很努力,
唯恐落后。
3.Thisattituderesultsinanationofpeoplecommittedtoresearching,experimentingandexploring.(Para.1)
Meaning:
ThiswayofthinkinganddoingthingscausesAmericanstodevotetheirtimeandennergytoresearching,experimentingandexploring.
resultin:
makesomethinghappen;cause
Actingbeforethinkingalwaysresultsinfailure.做事不事先考虑总会导致失败。
Theaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopeople.这场事故造成两人死亡。
★compare:
resultfrom:
becausedbysomethingthathashappenedpreviously
Nothinghasresultedfromhisefforts.他的努力终成泡影。
Thechild’sillnessresultedfromeatinguncleanfood.孩子生病是由于吃了不干净的事物。
4.TimeisoneofthetwoelementsthatAmericanssavecarefully,theotherbeinglabor.(Para.1)
Meaning:
Americansusetwothingswithgreatcare(or:
Americansneverwastetwothings):
Oneistimeandtheotherislabor.
→Noticeherewehaveaspecialtypeofadverbialclause:
“theotherbeinglabor”.Thestructureis:
subject+V-ing(or:
V-ed).Thistypeofclausecanalsobeputatthebeginningofthewholesentence.
Nofurtherdiscussionsarising,themeetingwasbroughttoanend.没有作进一步讨论,会议就结束了。
Lunchfinished,alltheguestsreturnedtothesittingroom.吃完午饭,所有客人都回到了起居室。
5.Weareslavestonothingbuttheclock…(Para.2)
Meaning:
Weareunderthecontroloftimeonlyandnothingelse,orweareonlydominatedbytime…
★slavetosth:
apersonwhoisbeingcompletelyinfluencedordominatedbysomething
aslavetodrink酒鬼
aslavetomoney金钱的奴隶
★nothingbut:
only
He’snothingbutacriminal.他只不过是个罪犯。
Hedidnothingbutcomplain.他只是抱怨,别的什么都不干。
6.Webudgetit,saveit,wasteit,stealit,killit,cutit,accountforit;wealsochargeforit.(Para.2)
Meaning:
Weplanhowtospendit,saveit,wasteit,spenditmoreefficiently,findwaystopassitquickly,reduceit,explainhowweuseit;wealsomoneyforit.
→Inthissentence,“time”isusedmetaphoricallyassomethingofrealvalue.
★budget:
v.plancarefullyhowmuchofsomethingwillbeneeded
Shehasmadesomanycommitmentsthatshehastobudgethertimeverycarefully.她答应下
来的事太多,因而不得不精心安排自己的时间。
Bythetimehelearnedtobudgethisresources,itwastoolate.到他学会理财时,已经太迟
了。
vi.planthespendingofmoneycarefully
Shebudgetedforbuyinganewcar.她为买新汽车而计划节省开支。
Thegovernmenthasbudgetedfortwobridgesinthecity.政府计划在该城市建造两座桥,并
为此制定了预算。
n.[C]theamountofmoneyapersonororganizationhastospendonsomething
afamily/week’sbudget家庭/每周预算
Itisimportanttobalancethisyear’sbudget.重要的是要平衡今年的预算开支。
★killit(=killtime):
maketimepassquicklybyfindingsomethingtodo.
Wekilledtimebyplayingcards.我们用打纸牌来消磨时间。
Hedrovetotheclubtokillacoupleofhours.他驾车去俱乐部消磨了几个小时。
★accountfor:
1)explanthecauseofsomething解释原因
Jennyhadtoaccounttoherhusbandforeverypennyshespent.珍妮得向丈夫说明每一分是
怎样花的。
Themanchargedwiththecrimecouldn’tacountforthefactthatthemoneywasfoundinhishouse.被告无法解释在他家里找到钱这个事实。
2)makeupaparticularamountorpartofsomething占据的比例
NorthseaoilaccountsforahighproportionofBritishtradeearnings.北海石油占英国贸易
收入的很大一部分。
Payingrentaccountsforhalfofmyexpenditures.我的开销中租金占了一半。
Girlsaccountforhalfoftheclass.女生占了我们班一半人数
★charge:
v.asksomebodyforamountofmoneyforaservice
Howmuchdoyouchargeforwashingacar?
你们洗一部车要收多少钱?
Wecharge$200anightforasingleroom.单人房每晚收费200美元。
7.Manypeoplehavearatheracutesenseoftheshortnessofeachlifetime.(Para.2)
Meaning:
Manypeoplehaveaverystrongfeelingthatlifeisshort.
→Noticetheuseof“sense”inthefollowingexamples:
asenseofhumor/duty/direction幽默感/责任感/方向感
acute1.(offeelingsorthesenses)fine;sharp
(指感觉或感官)深刻的,敏感的,尖锐的
Dogshaveanacutesenseofsmell.
狗有灵敏的嗅觉。
2.severe,verygreat严重的
Thereisanacuteshortageofwaterinthisregion.这个地区严重缺水.
8.Oncethesandshaverunoutofaperson’shourglass,theycannotbereplaced.(Para.2)
→Noticethatthewholesentenceisametaphor,whichmeans:
Oncetimehaspassed,itwillnotreturn.
★runout:
1)(offood,money,etc.)thereisnoneleft
Theirsuppliessoonranout.他们的补给很快就耗尽了。
Timeisrunningout.时间快到了(或:
时间不多了。
)
Mypocketisrunningoutquickly.
2)useallofsomethingandnothaveanyleft
I’mafraidwe’verunoutofgas.我们的汽油恐怕已用完了。
I’mrunningoutofpatience.我快没耐心了。
★replace:
vt.
1)putsomethingbackwhereitwasbefore
Replacethecapsonthebottles.把瓶盖盖好。
Replacethebookontheshelf.把书放回到书架上。
2)taketheplaceof
GeorgehasreplacedEdwardasthepersonnelmanager.乔治接替爱德华担任人事部经理。
3)changesomepersonorobjectforanother,oftenbetter,newer,etc.
We’llhavetoreplacethoseoldcomputerswithnewones.我们必须用新电脑替换那些旧电脑。
9.Wewanteveryminutetocount.(Para.2)
Meaning:
Wewanteveryminutetobeputintogooduse(sinceitisprecious).
10.…everyoneisinarush—oftenunderpressure.(Para.3)
Meaning:
…everyoneisdoingthingsinahurry,becausetheyareoftenunderpressuretodoso.
★inarush:
inahurry
Don’tbeinsucharush;you’veonlyjustnowarrived.别这么急,你才刚刚到。
Whyisshealwaysinarush?
为什么她总是匆匆忙忙的?
王进喜生前常说,井没压力不出油;人没压力轻飘飘。
duringone’slifetime/undernopressure/produceoil/undernostress/growlight-headed
Duringhislifetime,WangJinxiusedtosay,“Awell,undernopressure,doesnotproduceoil,whileaman,undernostress,growlight-headed.”
11.…restlesslyseekingattentioninastore,orelbowingothers…(Para.3)
Meaning:
…impatientlytryingtogetserviceinastore,orpushingothersoutofthewaybytheirelbows…
★restless:
a.unabletokeepstillbecauseoneisnervous,bored,orimpatient.
Thepassengersgrewrestlessafterwaitingforhalfanhouratthebusstop.乘客们在汽车站等
了半个小时,变得不耐烦起来。
Withamonthafterhereturnedhome,Billyhadbeenrestless,thinkingaboutgettingonthe
roadagain.回家一个月后,比利坐立不安,又想着上路外出了。
★restlessly:
ad.inarestlessmanner;impatiently
Themanagerpacedthefloorofhisofficerestlesslywithsomanyproblemsonhismind.心头压着许多问题,经理在办公室里不安地走来走去。
Themanrepeatedlylookedathiswatchwhilewalkingupanddownrestlesslyintheroom.那人一边不耐烦地在屋子里走来走去,一边一遍又一遍地看手表。
★elbow:
v.pushothersoutofthewayusingelbows
Sheelbowedherwaythroughthecrowd.她从人群中挤了过去。
Theoldbrandshavebeenelbowedoutofthehomemarket.老品牌已经被挤出了国内市场。
12.Racingthroughdaytimemeals(一日三餐)ispartofthepaceoflife(=rhythmoflife)inthiscountry.
(Para.3)
Meaning:
EatingtheirmealshurriedlyduringthedayispartofAmerica’sfastpaceoflife.
★racethrough:
dosomethinginahurry
ThechildracedthroughhishomeworkinordertowatchthefootballmatchonTV.为看电视
转播的足球赛,那孩子匆匆做完了作业。
13.Don’ttakeitpersonally.(Para.3)
Meaning:
Don’tletitupsetyou(becausetheytreateverybodythisway;orbecausetheyarenotdoingthistoyouinparticular).
★take…personally:
feelthatafailureorunpleasantsituationisyourfaultandbeupsetaboutit
Youmustn’ttakehernegativecommentsofyourplanpersonally.你不应该把她对你计划的
批评当做对你个人的攻击。
不得当地,不得体地:
beyondacertainappropriatepoint
14.ManynewarrivalsintheStateswillmisstheopeningexchangesofabusinesscall(商业访谈)…
(Para.4)
Meaning:
ManynewcomerstotheUnitedStateswillbesadtofindthatthereisnopolitesmalltalksatthebeginningofabusinesscall…
★opening:
a.first;beginning;starting
theopeningwords开场白
Theyreturnedtotakepartintheseason’sopeninggame.他们回来参加本赛季首场比赛。
n.
1)[C]thebeginningorfirstpartofsomething
Theopeningofabook/film书/电影的开头(部分)
2)[C]anoccasionwhenanewbuilding,road,etc.isusedforthefirsttime,esp.onethat
involvesaceremony
Threehundredpeopleswarmedatthefrontdoorforthestore’sgrandopening.有300人聚集
在商店前门庆祝商店的盛大开业。
3)[C]apositionthatisavailableinabusinessorfirm
Therewereafewopeningsatthecompany,soheapplied.那家公司有几个空缺职位,所以
他申请了。
Heinquiredatthefrontdeskaboutopeningsinthemarketingdepartment.他在接待处询问营
销部空缺职位的情况。
15.Theywillmisstheritualinteractionthatgoeswithawelcomingcupofteaorcoffeethatmay
beaconventionintheirowncountry.(Para.4)
Meaning:
Theywillbesadbecausetheywillnothavetheusualexchanges(withthepersonwhoinvitedthem)thatgowithawelcomingcupofteaorcoffee.Theseexchangesmaybeacommonpracticeonsimilaroccasionsintheirowncountry.
★gowith:
existortakeplaceatthesametimewithsomethingelse
Rightsalwaysgoeswithobligations.权利总是伴随着义务。
Crimedoesnotalwaysgoeswithpoverty.贫穷并不总是伴随着犯罪。
★convention:
n.
1)[C,U]general,usu.unspokenagreementabouthowpeopleshouldactorbehavein
certainsituations
Itisaconventionformentowearsuitsonformaloccasions.男子在正式场合穿西装是一种
惯例。
Itwasaconventionforpeopletowearblacktoafuneral.穿黑色衣服参加葬礼是一种习俗。
2)[C]ameetingofmembersofaprofession,politicalparty,etc.
Conventionsareusuallyheldinlargecities.会议通常在大城市里举行。
Hotelstrytoattractconventionsbecausetheybringalotofbusiness.宾馆设法承办各种会议,因为会议可以带来大量生意。
16.Theymaymissleisurelybusinesschats…(Para.4)
★leisurely:
a.withouthurry
Theyenjoyedaleisurelylunchatarestau