新视野大学英语读写教程2Unit1.docx

新视野大学英语读写教程2Unit1.docx

《新视野大学英语读写教程2Unit1.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新视野大学英语读写教程2Unit1.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

新视野大学英语读写教程2Unit1

Unit1

SectionA

Time-ConsciousAmericans

DetailedstudyoftheText

1.Americansbelievenoonestandsstill.（Para.1）

Meaning:

Americansbelievenoonekeepsmotionless;everyonemoves.

→Here“stand”means“keeporstayinaparticularpositionorstate”.Inthissense,“stand”isfollowedbyadjectives.Moreexamples:

Theroomstandsidle.这房间闲置着。

Standfirm-don’tletthemtellyouwhattodo.要坚定，不要让他们对你指手画脚。

Theystandopposedtothenewlaw.他们反对这项新法律。

2.…youarefallingbehind.（Para.1）

★fallbehind:

movemoreslowlythanotherpeoplesothatoneisbehindthem.

fallbehindinscience在科学方面落后

fallbehindone’scompetitors落后于竞争对手。

Thestudenthasbeenworkinghardforfearthatheshuoldfallbehind.这个学生一直很努力，

唯恐落后。

3.Thisattituderesultsinanationofpeoplecommittedtoresearching,experimentingandexploring.（Para.1）

Meaning:

ThiswayofthinkinganddoingthingscausesAmericanstodevotetheirtimeandennergytoresearching,experimentingandexploring.

resultin:

makesomethinghappen;cause

Actingbeforethinkingalwaysresultsinfailure.做事不事先考虑总会导致失败。

Theaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopeople.这场事故造成两人死亡。

★compare:

resultfrom:

becausedbysomethingthathashappenedpreviously

Nothinghasresultedfromhisefforts.他的努力终成泡影。

Thechild’sillnessresultedfromeatinguncleanfood.孩子生病是由于吃了不干净的事物。

4.TimeisoneofthetwoelementsthatAmericanssavecarefully,theotherbeinglabor.（Para.1）

Meaning:

Americansusetwothingswithgreatcare（or:

Americansneverwastetwothings）:

Oneistimeandtheotherislabor.

→Noticeherewehaveaspecialtypeofadverbialclause:

“theotherbeinglabor”.Thestructureis:

subject+V-ing（or:

V-ed）.Thistypeofclausecanalsobeputatthebeginningofthewholesentence.

Nofurtherdiscussionsarising,themeetingwasbroughttoanend.没有作进一步讨论，会议就结束了。

Lunchfinished,alltheguestsreturnedtothesittingroom.吃完午饭，所有客人都回到了起居室。

5.Weareslavestonothingbuttheclock…（Para.2）

Meaning:

Weareunderthecontroloftimeonlyandnothingelse,orweareonlydominatedbytime…

★slavetosth:

apersonwhoisbeingcompletelyinfluencedordominatedbysomething

aslavetodrink酒鬼

aslavetomoney金钱的奴隶

★nothingbut:

only

He’snothingbutacriminal.他只不过是个罪犯。

Hedidnothingbutcomplain.他只是抱怨，别的什么都不干。

6.Webudgetit,saveit,wasteit,stealit,killit,cutit,accountforit;wealsochargeforit.（Para.2）

Meaning:

Weplanhowtospendit,saveit,wasteit,spenditmoreefficiently,findwaystopassitquickly,reduceit,explainhowweuseit;wealsomoneyforit.

→Inthissentence,“time”isusedmetaphoricallyassomethingofrealvalue.

★budget:

v.plancarefullyhowmuchofsomethingwillbeneeded

Shehasmadesomanycommitmentsthatshehastobudgethertimeverycarefully.她答应下

来的事太多，因而不得不精心安排自己的时间。

Bythetimehelearnedtobudgethisresources,itwastoolate.到他学会理财时，已经太迟

了。

vi.planthespendingofmoneycarefully

Shebudgetedforbuyinganewcar.她为买新汽车而计划节省开支。

Thegovernmenthasbudgetedfortwobridgesinthecity.政府计划在该城市建造两座桥，并

为此制定了预算。

n.［C］theamountofmoneyapersonororganizationhastospendonsomething

afamily/week’sbudget家庭/每周预算

Itisimportanttobalancethisyear’sbudget.重要的是要平衡今年的预算开支。

★killit（=killtime）:

maketimepassquicklybyfindingsomethingtodo.

Wekilledtimebyplayingcards.我们用打纸牌来消磨时间。

Hedrovetotheclubtokillacoupleofhours.他驾车去俱乐部消磨了几个小时。

★accountfor:

1）explanthecauseofsomething解释原因

Jennyhadtoaccounttoherhusbandforeverypennyshespent.珍妮得向丈夫说明每一分是

怎样花的。

Themanchargedwiththecrimecouldn’tacountforthefactthatthemoneywasfoundinhishouse.被告无法解释在他家里找到钱这个事实。

2）makeupaparticularamountorpartofsomething占据的比例

NorthseaoilaccountsforahighproportionofBritishtradeearnings.北海石油占英国贸易

收入的很大一部分。

Payingrentaccountsforhalfofmyexpenditures.我的开销中租金占了一半。

Girlsaccountforhalfoftheclass.女生占了我们班一半人数

★charge:

v.asksomebodyforamountofmoneyforaservice

Howmuchdoyouchargeforwashingacar?

你们洗一部车要收多少钱？

Wecharge$200anightforasingleroom.单人房每晚收费200美元。

7.Manypeoplehavearatheracutesenseoftheshortnessofeachlifetime.（Para.2）

Meaning:

Manypeoplehaveaverystrongfeelingthatlifeisshort.

→Noticetheuseof“sense”inthefollowingexamples:

asenseofhumor/duty/direction幽默感/责任感/方向感

acute1.（offeelingsorthesenses）fine;sharp

（指感觉或感官）深刻的，敏感的，尖锐的

Dogshaveanacutesenseofsmell.

狗有灵敏的嗅觉。

2.severe,verygreat严重的

Thereisanacuteshortageofwaterinthisregion.这个地区严重缺水.

8.Oncethesandshaverunoutofaperson’shourglass,theycannotbereplaced.（Para.2）

→Noticethatthewholesentenceisametaphor,whichmeans:

Oncetimehaspassed,itwillnotreturn.

★runout:

1）（offood,money,etc.）thereisnoneleft

Theirsuppliessoonranout.他们的补给很快就耗尽了。

Timeisrunningout.时间快到了（或：

时间不多了。

）

Mypocketisrunningoutquickly.

2）useallofsomethingandnothaveanyleft

I’mafraidwe’verunoutofgas.我们的汽油恐怕已用完了。

I’mrunningoutofpatience.我快没耐心了。

★replace:

vt.

1）putsomethingbackwhereitwasbefore

Replacethecapsonthebottles.把瓶盖盖好。

Replacethebookontheshelf.把书放回到书架上。

2）taketheplaceof

GeorgehasreplacedEdwardasthepersonnelmanager.乔治接替爱德华担任人事部经理。

3）changesomepersonorobjectforanother,oftenbetter,newer,etc.

We’llhavetoreplacethoseoldcomputerswithnewones.我们必须用新电脑替换那些旧电脑。

9.Wewanteveryminutetocount.（Para.2）

Meaning:

Wewanteveryminutetobeputintogooduse（sinceitisprecious）.

10.…everyoneisinarush—oftenunderpressure.（Para.3）

Meaning:

…everyoneisdoingthingsinahurry,becausetheyareoftenunderpressuretodoso.

★inarush:

inahurry

Don’tbeinsucharush;you’veonlyjustnowarrived.别这么急，你才刚刚到。

Whyisshealwaysinarush?

为什么她总是匆匆忙忙的？

王进喜生前常说，井没压力不出油；人没压力轻飘飘。

duringone’slifetime/undernopressure/produceoil/undernostress/growlight-headed

Duringhislifetime,WangJinxiusedtosay,“Awell,undernopressure,doesnotproduceoil,whileaman,undernostress,growlight-headed.”

11.…restlesslyseekingattentioninastore,orelbowingothers…（Para.3）

Meaning:

…impatientlytryingtogetserviceinastore,orpushingothersoutofthewaybytheirelbows…

★restless:

a.unabletokeepstillbecauseoneisnervous,bored,orimpatient.

Thepassengersgrewrestlessafterwaitingforhalfanhouratthebusstop.乘客们在汽车站等

了半个小时，变得不耐烦起来。

Withamonthafterhereturnedhome,Billyhadbeenrestless,thinkingaboutgettingonthe

roadagain.回家一个月后，比利坐立不安，又想着上路外出了。

★restlessly:

ad.inarestlessmanner;impatiently

Themanagerpacedthefloorofhisofficerestlesslywithsomanyproblemsonhismind.心头压着许多问题，经理在办公室里不安地走来走去。

Themanrepeatedlylookedathiswatchwhilewalkingupanddownrestlesslyintheroom.那人一边不耐烦地在屋子里走来走去，一边一遍又一遍地看手表。

★elbow:

v.pushothersoutofthewayusingelbows

Sheelbowedherwaythroughthecrowd.她从人群中挤了过去。

Theoldbrandshavebeenelbowedoutofthehomemarket.老品牌已经被挤出了国内市场。

12.Racingthroughdaytimemeals（一日三餐）ispartofthepaceoflife（=rhythmoflife）inthiscountry.

（Para.3）

Meaning:

EatingtheirmealshurriedlyduringthedayispartofAmerica’sfastpaceoflife.

★racethrough:

dosomethinginahurry

ThechildracedthroughhishomeworkinordertowatchthefootballmatchonTV.为看电视

转播的足球赛，那孩子匆匆做完了作业。

13.Don’ttakeitpersonally.（Para.3）

Meaning:

Don’tletitupsetyou（becausetheytreateverybodythisway;orbecausetheyarenotdoingthistoyouinparticular）.

★take…personally:

feelthatafailureorunpleasantsituationisyourfaultandbeupsetaboutit

Youmustn’ttakehernegativecommentsofyourplanpersonally.你不应该把她对你计划的

批评当做对你个人的攻击。

不得当地，不得体地：

beyondacertainappropriatepoint

14.ManynewarrivalsintheStateswillmisstheopeningexchangesofabusinesscall（商业访谈）…

（Para.4）

Meaning:

ManynewcomerstotheUnitedStateswillbesadtofindthatthereisnopolitesmalltalksatthebeginningofabusinesscall…

★opening:

a.first;beginning;starting

theopeningwords开场白

Theyreturnedtotakepartintheseason’sopeninggame.他们回来参加本赛季首场比赛。

n.

1）[C]thebeginningorfirstpartofsomething

Theopeningofabook/film书/电影的开头（部分）

2）[C]anoccasionwhenanewbuilding,road,etc.isusedforthefirsttime,esp.onethat

involvesaceremony

Threehundredpeopleswarmedatthefrontdoorforthestore’sgrandopening.有300人聚集

在商店前门庆祝商店的盛大开业。

3）[C]apositionthatisavailableinabusinessorfirm

Therewereafewopeningsatthecompany,soheapplied.那家公司有几个空缺职位，所以

他申请了。

Heinquiredatthefrontdeskaboutopeningsinthemarketingdepartment.他在接待处询问营

销部空缺职位的情况。

15.Theywillmisstheritualinteractionthatgoeswithawelcomingcupofteaorcoffeethatmay

beaconventionintheirowncountry.（Para.4）

Meaning:

Theywillbesadbecausetheywillnothavetheusualexchanges（withthepersonwhoinvitedthem）thatgowithawelcomingcupofteaorcoffee.Theseexchangesmaybeacommonpracticeonsimilaroccasionsintheirowncountry.

★gowith:

existortakeplaceatthesametimewithsomethingelse

Rightsalwaysgoeswithobligations.权利总是伴随着义务。

Crimedoesnotalwaysgoeswithpoverty.贫穷并不总是伴随着犯罪。

★convention:

n.

1）[C,U]general,usu.unspokenagreementabouthowpeopleshouldactorbehavein

certainsituations

Itisaconventionformentowearsuitsonformaloccasions.男子在正式场合穿西装是一种

惯例。

Itwasaconventionforpeopletowearblacktoafuneral.穿黑色衣服参加葬礼是一种习俗。

2）[C]ameetingofmembersofaprofession,politicalparty,etc.

Conventionsareusuallyheldinlargecities.会议通常在大城市里举行。

Hotelstrytoattractconventionsbecausetheybringalotofbusiness.宾馆设法承办各种会议，因为会议可以带来大量生意。

16.Theymaymissleisurelybusinesschats…（Para.4）

★leisurely:

a.withouthurry

Theyenjoyedaleisurelylunchatarestau