电气工程及其自动化专业外文翻译.docx

电气工程及其自动化专业外文翻译.docx

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电气工程及其自动化专业外文翻译

密级：

JINGGANGSHANUNIVERSITY

外文翻译

题目数控加工中心自动换刀系统的研究

学院机电工程学院

专业机械设计制造及其自动化

班级机制11（本1）

学号

姓名

指导教师

起讫时间

教务处印制

Machinery,2011,12（04）

Researchontheautomatictoolchangersystemofthemanchingcenter

Abstract：

Theautomatictoolchanger（ATC）,whichincludesamagazine,atoolchangerandacontrolsystem,isoneofthekeycompomentsofthemachiningcenter（MC）,GeneralissuesoftheATC,however,areitsslownessandlowstabilityduringtoolchangesandthecomplexityofcontrolsystemprogramming.Tosolvethoseproblems,onetypeofsoftwareanditsinternalPLCtechnologywereinverstigated.BasedonananalysisofthefundamentalstructureandoperatingprincipleoftheATCsystemandaresearchofthecontrolprocedureofthe“discwitharm”-typeATC,thePLCprogramandmacroprogramscombinedwithServoWorksCNCtechnologyweredeveloped.Finally,itwasshownthatnewlydesignedcontrolsystemcancompletethewholeprocessofchangingtoolsin4to6secondsontheYY-1060verticalMC.Theresultsindicatethattheprocessisrapid,accurateandreliableenoughtocompletelymeetthepracticalrequirements.

Keywords:

machiningcenter（MC）;automatictoolchanger（ATC）;programmablelogiccontroller（PLC）

1.Introduction

Usingknifelibrary（MAG）automatictoolchangeisthewayoftoolchange,iswidelyusedinmachiningcenterindependentknifelibraryvastlyincreasesthestoragequantityofcuttingtool,whichhelpstoexpandthefunctionofmachinetool,andcanbewellisolatedinterferenceofvariouskindsoffactorsaffectingthemachiningaccuracy.Processingcenterofthelibrarytypesare:

aknifedisctoollibraryandchaintoollibrary.Librarychangetoolwayaccordingtothepresenceofmanipulator,toolchangeprocessintoamanipulatortoolchangeandnomanipulatortoolchange.ThisstudyinordertoYY-1060verticalmachiningcenterisequippedwithDEX-A402disctoollibrarymanipulatorautomatictoolchangemechanismastheobject,studyofautomatictoolchanger（ATC）system.

Programmablecontroller（PLC）isthecorepartofautomatictoolchangesystem.Atpresent,thedomesticcontroloftheautomatictoolchangemorethanthetraditionalPLC（hereinafterreferredtoashardPLC）andsinglechipmicrocomputer,suchasmitsubishiFXseriesPLC,SiemensS7-200seriesPLC,AT98C51microcontroller.HardPLCcontrolmethodwithoutspecialinstructionsofthetool,youneedtowritecomplexcutterPLCprogram,aswellassimplifytheprocessofncprogrammingbymacroprogram;Adoptsinglechipmicrocomputercontrolcircuitstructures,complex,thesystemstabilityislow,programmingcomplex.ThisresearchadoptstheLadderWorksisakindofbuilt-inPLCsystemsoftwarebasedonthetechnologyofServoWorkstype,canbebetweenCNCrapidinternalsignaltransmission.

2.Librarystructureandtoolchangemovement

Automatictoolchangemaincomponentsinclude:

motor,CAM,toolpot,daolibrarymotor,cup,brake,pinecliproundtool,theoriginsignal,etc.DEX-A402automatictoolchangeisshowninfigure1.

Fig.1.AutomatictoolchangeFig.2.Swordarmaction

Swordarmactiondrivenbysteppingmotor,toolchangeactionpoints4stepstocomplete.Singleswordarmmotordirectionofrotation,throughtheautomatictoolchangemechanismofCAMmechanismtocontroltheswordarmandreversing,thedrivemodeimprovestheswordarmrotationAngleprecision,simplifythecontrolofthemotoratthesametime.Swordarmmovementofthespecificprocessasshowninfigure2.

3.Transferinstructions

CNCprogramminginstructionbyT,Minstructionstocompletetheautomatictoolchangeaction,toolchangeinstructiondecodedbytheinternalsystem,thetargettool,andmacroinstruction,translatedintothecorrespondingbinarynumbersavedtothesystemspecifiedintheregister.ServoWorksPLCsystemTinstructiondecodertoF26,MinstructiondecodetoF10,userscanaccordingtotherequestofchangeknifeactionwritemacroprogramandPLCprogram.Tdirectivespecifiesthetool,completingthelibrarychoosetool,toollibraryrotationdirectionjudgmentanddeterminationofrotatinginterval;Mdirectivespecifiesthemacroprogram,accordingtotherequirementsintoolcompletespindlebacktozero,theZaxispointbacktochangethetool,thetoolarmrotatingdirection,locationandtoolcupupanddownmovement.

3.1Thechoiceofcutter（T）

Cuttingtoolchoiceistoollibraryspecifiedonthetooltochangethecutterlocation,theactionbytheTinstructionfunction.Automatictoolchanger（ATC）systembasedoninformationfromthepositionofthetoolstorageandTinstruction,accordingtothegivencommandandcontrolsystemdecidetheknifelibrarydirectionofrotation,therequirementsofthesteps,etc.,generally,thememorycanbeusedtomodelrandomcontrolandmechanicalcontrolintwoways.Correspondingtotheirrespectivemechanicalrandomcontroleverytoolset,usuallybetweenthespindleandthetoolstorage,toprovidetoolchange"middletoolset".Memorymodel,bycontrast,stochasticcontrolusingapointer,pointerpointsoutthatthepositionoftoollibraryrotation,eachknivesandtoolsetisnotalwaysone-to-onecorrespondence,thecontrolmodechangequicklyandreliable.Inaccordingtothemechanicalstructureofthetoolstoragechoicesintoolcontrolmode,thefollowingsystemofpointertoafloatswitchtoolway:

bytheuserTdirectivespecifiesatool,afterdecodingsystem,foundinthefloatingofthepointertothememorynumbercorrespondingtothecuttingtool,thesystemusespecialinstructionROTBdirectionofrotationandrotationdistancejudgmenttheknife,toollibraryrotationtothetargetlocationchoicetoolfinishtool,M6instructionscompletedactioninthetool,thespecificprocessasshowninfigure3.

Fig.3.Flowchartofchoosingtools

3.2Transferinstructions（M）

AuxiliaryMinstructiondecodingthroughthesystemtothePLC"rumet"point（internalrelay）,userswritePLCprogramaccordingtotheactionrequirement.ATCauxiliaryMinstructionsincludeM6inknife,M19spindlepositioning,initializationM86toollibrary,etc.Machiningcenterlibrarychangeknifeprocessasshowninfigure4.

Fig.4.Inflowchart

ServoWorksCNCcanaccordingtotheneedsofuserscustomizetheG/M/S/Tmacrocallsimplifyncprogramming,commonlyusedmachinetoolmovementprogramcanbeintegratedintoacommand,suchasusingM06completethechangemovement.ThemacroprogramcancallwiththesameauxiliaryMinstructions.Withinthesystemtospecifyinstructionsstoredmobilestorageunitclassification,suchasG00,G01,G02G03instructionsstoredinthesystemvariablessuchas#4001.Macrocallsthemethodisasfollows:

O9001

G40G80

#510=#4001

#511=#4001

#512=#4003

#513=#1032AND256

#514=#BIN[#513]

（IF[#512EQ#514]GOTON1000）

G90G30Z0

M19

M6

G#510G#511

N1000M99

4.ThePLCprogramdevelopment

AutomatictoolchangethePLCprogrammainlyincludesthelibrarychoosetoolandswordarminapplication.ServoWorksPLCprogramaddressesare:

machinetoolstothePLCinputsignal（X）,PLCtotheinputsignal（Y）machinetools,CNCenginesignaltothePLCengine（F）,PLCenginetotheCNCenginesignal（G）,intermediaterelay（R）,counter（C）,thetimer（T）,etc.Thefollowing"rumet"pointdescriptiontoolchangebyPLC.

4.1LibrarychooseknifePLCprogram

LadderWorksPLCbasedautomatictoolchangeorder（asshowninfigure3）are:

tools,searchinstructionsDSCH,rotatingdirectionanddistancecalculationROTBCTR,libraryrotatingtoolcountinstructions.

DEX-A402toollibrarytoolingcapacityfor24,daolibrarytochoosethemainPLCprogramasshowninfigure5.ProgramR270storagetargettool,DSCHinstructioninD20of25theaddressofthestorageunittofindthesameastheR270content,andstoredintheR280;COspecifiesthetoolingcapacity,toollibraryROTBinstructionreal-timecomputingtargettoolR290andcurrenttoolcup,cuponC2,thestepdistanceanddirectionbetweentheR283fromstoragecloth,R203.6storagedirectionofrotation;C2countdonebyCRTinstruction,knifelibraryrotationdirectionR960.3decidedtoC2countsincreaseanddecrease,R200.4forsignalsofcount.

4.2TheknifearminPLCprogram

IntherotationofthePLCprogramtorealizetoolarmmotioncontrol.AutomatictoolchangethroughthemotordrivetheCAMarmmovementcontroltheknife,knifearmwithwheelbrakingsignalsandtheCAMsignalwheelbrakesignal,pinenippeddaosignals,theorigin,throughtheabovesignalsequencediagramwritebrakeposition.Position1correspondstotheoriginposition,position2correspondingtoolarmforward60degrees,position3correspondingknifearmisturned180degrees.ThisresearchaccordingtotheflowchartoftoolchangewrittenintoolPLCprogram,asshowninfigure6.

Fig.5.LibrarychoosetoolapplicationFig6.InPLCprogram

4.3Storageunitnumberswaps

Automatictoolchangerisarandomcontinuousprocess,thetoolchangeafterthecompletionoftheneedtomodifythecontentinthestorageunit,ensureaccuratetoolchangenexttime.Storageunittool,swaps,completethespindlecutternumberD20andpresentcorrespondingtool,toolcuponD+C2（20）exchange,throughtheintermediatestorageD18transition,specificimplementationwayasshowninfigure7.

Fig.7.Accessunitknifeswaps

XMOVinstructionstocompletethestorageunitdataread,write,readoperationonRW=0,RW=1toperformwriteoperations.

5.Test

LadderWorksconsoleisacollectionofPLCprogramcreating,editing,compilation,operationmonitoringanddebuggingofPLCcontrolplatform.LadderWorksPLCallsortsoffunctioninstructioniscomplete,theprogrammingmethodissimple,support"TXTf