高考英语学业水平测试一轮复习 阅读理解 第Ⅱ题 专题四 词义猜测类题目.docx
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高考英语学业水平测试一轮复习阅读理解第Ⅱ题专题四词义猜测类题目
专题四 词义猜测类题目
[命题特点]
利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义。
常见设问方式:
(1)Theword“...”refersto...
(2)Theunderlinedphrasemeans...
(3)Bysaying“...”wemean...
(4)Theexpression“...”standsfor...
(5)...havetheclosestmeaning...
(6)Inotherwords...
[考查重点]
(1)生词的语境猜测。
(2)词组及短语的指代。
[方法技巧]
(1)利用上下文、构词法,通过对应结构或平行结构中的同义词、反义词复述、对比进行判断;
(2)利用定语从句、同位语从句等进行判断;
(3)根据关联词,如but,while,however,notonly...butalso等进行判断;
(4)利用构词法前缀、后缀、合成词进行判断。
Passage1
Istillremember—myhandsandmyfingersstillremember—whatusedtolieinstoreforusonourreturntoschoolfromtheholidays.Thetreesintheschoolyardwouldbeinfullleafagainandtheoldleaveswouldbelyingaroundlikeamuddyseaofleaves.
“Getthatallsweptup!
”theheadmasterwouldtellus.“Iwantthewholeplacecleanedup,atonce!
”Therewasenoughworkthere,tolastoveraweek.Especiallysincetheonlytoolswithwhichwewereprovidedwereourhands,ourfingers,ournails.“Nowseethatit'sdoneproperly,andbequickaboutit,”theheadmasterwouldsaytotheolderpupils,“oryou'llhavetoanswerforit!
”
Soatanorderfromtheolderboyswewouldalllineuplikepeanutsabouttocutandgatherincrops.Iftheworkwasnotgoingasquicklyastheheadmasterexpected,thebigboys,insteadofgivingusahelpinghand,usedtobeatuswithbranchespulledfromthetrees.Inordertoavoidtheseblows,weusedtobribe(贿赂)theolderboyswiththejuicycakesweusedtobringforourmiddaymeal.Andifwehappenedtohaveanymoneyonus,thecoinschangedhandsatonce.Ifwedidnotdothis,ifwewereafraidofgoinghomewithanemptystomachoranemptypurse,theblowswereredoubled.Theyhitussoviolentlyandwithsuchevilenjoymentthatevenadeafanddumbpersonwouldhaverealizedthatwewerebeingwhippednotsomuchtomakeusworkharder,butrathertobeatusintoastateofobedience(服从)inwhichwewouldbeonlytoogladtogiveupourfoodandmoney.
Occasionallyoneofus,wornoutbysuchcalculatedcruelty,wouldhavethecouragetocomplaintotheheadmaster.Hewouldofcoursebeveryangry,butthepunishmenthegavetheolderboyswasalwaysverysmall—nothingcomparedtowhattheyhaddonetous.Andthefactisthathowevermuchwecomplained,oursituationdidnotimproveintheslightest.Perhapsweshouldhaveletourparentsknowwhatwasgoingon,butsomehowweneverdreamedofdoingso;Idon'tknowwhetheritwasloyaltyorpridethatkeptussilent,butIcanseenowthatwewerefoolishtokeepquietaboutit,forsuchbeatingiscompletelyforeigntoournature.
【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。
文中作者回忆了早年读书期间,假期返校清除落叶的一段经历。
1.Thestatement“myhandsandmyfingersstillremember”(Para.1)meansthat“________”.
A.theauthor'shandswereseverelyinjuredinthecleaningup
B.theauthorseldomdidsuchhardworkasthecleaningup
C.theauthorwasbulliedbythebigboysinthecleaningup
D.theauthor'shandswerehisonlytoolforthecleaning
解析:
作者一开始用了两个“remember”表明他对假期返校要清除落叶一事记忆深刻。
第二段提到自己在为学校清除落叶时没有别的工具,唯一的工具就是手,由此可推断“手和指尖都记得”是因为在大扫除中,作者的手作为唯一的清洁工具受了不少的罪。
答案:
D
2.Theheadmasterwouldtellthestudentstocleanuptheschoolyardatthebeginningofthetermbecause________.
A.hewastoolazy
B.thereweremanyfallenleavesontheground
C.theschoolyardwascoveredwithmud
D.thestudentsdidn'tfinishtheirhomework
解析:
第一段最后一句提到假期过后学校会堆满落叶,第二段校长发布了让学生大扫除的命令,两者之间的因果关系显而易见,因此本题应选B项。
答案:
B
3.Theheadmasteraskedtheolderboysto________.
A.beatthosewhoworkedslowly
B.treatthesmallboysaspeanuts
C.takechargeoftheprocessofthecleaning
D.dothecleaningallbythemselves
解析:
第二段最后一句,特别是其中的“see”,表明校长让大孩子们做大扫除的“监工”,负责带领其他孩子们把学校打扫干净。
这也可以从该句的“...oryou'llhavetoanswerforit!
(否则你们就要为此负责)”看出答案为C项。
答案:
C
4.AccordingtoPara.3,iftheauthorhadanymoneyonhim,hemostprobably________.
A.gaveittothebigboyssoastopleasethem
B.gaveitasabribetotheheadmaster
C.spentitallonhismiddaymeal
D.spentitbuyingmiddaymealsforthebigboys
解析:
第三段第四句中的“...thecoinschangedhandsatonce.”可理解为“钱马上就会易主”,即钱到了大孩子们的口袋里,由此可知选A项。
答案:
A
5.Whenreceivingcomplaints,theheadmasterwoulddealwiththebigboysbymeansof________.
A.slightpunishment B.harshcriticism
C.completeindifferenceD.goodbeating
解析:
根据题干中的complaints可定位到最后一段开头两句。
该段第二句表明校长对大孩子们的惩罚很轻,因此本题应选A项。
答案:
A
Passage2
The30milesofsteeproadsthatsnakethroughthemountainsofLoganCanyoninUtahareenoughtomakemostdrivers'handssweat.ButAndersen,a46-year-oldfatheroffour,wasn'texpectinganytroubleontheroadlastNewYear'sEve,whenhesetoffforaskitriptotheBearRiverMountainswithnine-year-olddaughterMia,four-year-oldsonBaylor,andnine-year-oldneighbourKenya.AndersenhaddriventhroughtheCanyonhundredsoftimesovertheyears.
Theweatherwasfine,butthehighertheydrove,themoreslipperytheroadsbecame.RoundingasharpU-turnatmilemarker473,Andersensawatruckthathadskatedofftheroadandimmediatelytappedhisbrakes.Inaninstant,thecarwasslidingat25milesperhourtowardstheshoulderofthehighway,thenrollingdownasteepten-footdamtowardstheextremelycoldLoganRiver.Asithitthewater,thecartippedtowardsthepassengerside,hesitated,andthenrolledontoitsroofandsankintotheriver.
Therewasnotimetotellthekidswhattodo.Thecrashhadbrokenafewwindows,andwithinseconds,theupside-downcarwasfilledwithwater.“Itwasfrighteninghowfastwewerecompletelyunderwater,”remembersAndersen,asoft-spokenproductdevelopmentmanager.“You'rethinking,isthishowit'sallgoingtoend?
”
Havinglostallsenseofdirection,Andersenbegantosearchthefreezingwaterforthekids.Miahadbeenrightnexttohiminthefrontseat;now,intheblackness,hecouldn'tfindher.Ithought,“IfIdon'tgetout,maybenoneofusaregoingtogetout.”Andersengotoutofhisseatbelt,swamthroughabrokenwindow,and,deeplyandquickly,breathedairatthesurface.That'swhenhesawagroupofmen,aboutteninall,appearatthetopofthedam.Oneafteranother,theyraceddownintothewater.Helpingontosafetyallthethreechildren,theybegantoshoutatthefather,“Whoelseisinthecar?
”Andersensaysrespectfully,“It_was_like_the型sightofangels_(天使).”
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了Andersen开车带三个孩子上盘山公路时遭遇车祸并死里逃生的故事。
1.Whatmightbethemainreasonforthecaraccident?
A.ThesharpU-turn.
B.Thesteepdam.
C.Thesuddenbrake.
D.Atruckhittingthecar.
解析:
由第二段第二句“RoundingasharpU-turnatmilemarker473,Andersensawatruckthathadskatedofftheroadandimmediatelytappedhisbrakes.”可知是急刹车导致了这一次事故。
答案:
C
2.Andersendidn'texpectanytroubleontheroadbecause________.
A.hewasfamiliarwiththeroad
B.hewasgoodatdriving
C.hishandsdidn'thavesweat
D.theweatherwasfine
解析:
由第一段最后一句“AndersenhaddriventhroughtheCanyonhundredsoftimesovertheyears.”可知Andersen在Canyon山路上开了成百上千次车,所以,他应该是对这条路非常熟悉。
答案:
A
3.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?
A.Andersenlostconciousnessinthewater.
B.StrangershelpedAndersenoutofthecar.
C.AndersenlikedMiamostamongthechildren.
D.Strangersteamedtogethertosavethethreechildren.
解析:
由最后一段“That'swhenhesawagroupofmen,aboutteninall,appearatthetopofthedam.Oneafteranother,theyraceddownintothewater.Helpingontosafetyallthethreechildren...”可知,陌生人成群结队地去救三个孩子。
答案:
D
4.TheunderlinedsentenceistoexpressAndersen'sfeelingofbeing________.
A.tiredB.excited
C.doubtfulD.grateful
解析:
由最后一句话中Andersen把他们比喻成天使,可知他应该对营救他们的人心存感激。
答案:
D
5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext?
A.Staycalmwhenintrouble
B.DriveroundingaU-turn
C.Miraclerescuefromanicyriver
D.MysteryoftheBearRiverMountains
解析:
纵观全文可知本文主要介绍了在冰河中,大家营救车祸中的三个孩子和一位父亲的故事,故C项为最佳选项。
答案:
C
Passage3
ScientistshavenotfoundanysignsoflifeonMarsyet,buttheysayaroboticvehiclecalled“Curiosity”ishelpingthemlearnalotabouttheplanet'shistoryandclimate.
CuriositylandedonMarsinAugust2012aftertravellingthroughspaceformorethaneightmonths.ItwassenttoMarsbyscientistsfromNASAintheUnitedStates.
Curiosityisaboutthesizeofacarandhassixwheels.Italsohasaroboticarm,cameras,andinstrumentsthatallowittoexaminethingsitfindsonthesurface.Thenitsendstheinformationbacktotheearth.
Curiosity'smaintaskistofindoutifanythingcouldliveonMars,eithernoworinthepast.OnNov.2,NASAscientistsheldapressconference(新闻发布会)todiscusswhatCuriosityhadfoundinitsfirsttwomonthsonMars.
Curiosityhasfoundsoilthatissimilartothesandformedbyvolcanoes(火山)ontheearth.ScientistssaythatstudyingthemineralsinMartiansoilwillhelpthemunderstandwhatconditionswerelikeontheplanetinthepast.Curiosityalsofoundsmoothstonesliketheonesfoundonriverbedsandseashoresontheearth,wheretheirroughedgeshavebeenworndownbywater.Marsisverycoldanddrynow,butscientistssaythesmoothstonestellthemthatariverusedtorunthroughtheplacewheretheywerefound.
CuriosityhasbeentestingtheatmospherearoundMarsforatypeofgascalledmethane(甲烷),butsofarithasnotfoundany.Ontheearth,mostmethaneisproducedbyplantsoranimals.MethaneonMarsmightindicatethatsometypeoftinyplantsoranimalslivedthere.
CuriosityisthefourthroboticvehicletobesenttoMars.Itwillcontinuetoexploretheplanetforabouttwoyears.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲述了“好奇号”机器人探索火星的最新情况。
1.WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsaboutCuriosityisTRUE?
A.ItlandedonMarsinJanuary2012.
B.Itissmallinsizeandhasfourarms.
C.IttookovereightmonthstoarriveinMars.
D.ItwassenttoMarsbyscientistsfromRu