动名词.docx
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动名词
动名词
动名词的动词特点
一、表示时间:
在多数情况下,现在式的动名词和同句或同一分句中谓语动词表示的时间是一致的:
Playingfootballrequiresalargeplayground.(一般情况)
IlikeeatingChinesefood.
Heissorryforbeingidle.
Ienjoyedeatingthedinner.(过去情况)
Hishobbywascollectingstamps.
Hissuccesswilldependuponhisworkingharderandbeingassistedbyfriends.(将来情况)
Iwillavoidbeingseenbyher.
如果动名词是一个表示意图的谓语动词的宾语,动名词表示的时间比谓语动词表示的时间要晚一些:
Heinsistsontryingagain.
Heintends(orproposes)goingabroad.
Headvocated(orsuggested,advised)ourstudyingscience.
Thereisnohopeofseeingthepeacefulworldagain.
完成形式的动名词表示的时间比谓语动词表示的时间要早一些:
较:
Therelationsbetweenthesetwocountriesareinneedofimproving.)
Thismethoddeservesrecommending(但:
toberecommended).
2)
Thefruitisnowripeforpicking.
Themonumentisreadyforbuilding.
Thisisnotfitforeating.
Thismistakeispastmending.
Hiswordsarepastbelieving.
Thisfoolispastsaving.这人傻得没救了。
Issuchabookworthreading(=worthytoberead)?
Thisjobisnotworthdoing.
二、作为动词,可以有一个意义上的主语
1)这种主语可以不出现或由上下文暗示出来:
a)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词seeing和believing的意义上的主语为一般人)
Cheatingothersdoesnotpay.
Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.
b)Itisnousetalkingaboutthismatter.(动名词talking的意义上的主语为你我)
Sayingsuchathingisfoolish.(动名词saying的意义上的主语为对方或另一人)
Isuggestedfightingtothelastman.(动名词fighting的意义上的主语为我们的军队)
c)Atthe(orthis)moment(ortime)ofwriting,thebattleisstillgoingon.(writing的意义上的主语为讲话人自己)
d)Johnispraisedforfightingbravely.(fighting意义上的主语就是句子主语John.)(这种用法很普通)
Marywillconsiderdoingsomethingforyou.
e)TheypunishedWilliamforfightingintheclassroom.
(fighting的意义上的主语为句子的宾语William)(这种用法也很普通)
Thankyouforlendingmetheraincoat.
f)Workingtoohardwillinjureourhealth.(working的意义上的主语由our表示出来,指我们。
)
Yoursuccessconsistsindoingthesamethingyearafteryear.
Happinessdoesnotconsistinhowmanypossessionsyouown.
2)如果意义上的主语从上下文中已可清楚看出,若再加上就显得多余,如下面句子中的his,our:
IpraisedJohnfor(his)workinghard.
Wearetalkingabout(our)goingtocollege.
(Our)doingtoomuchmaybeworsethan(our)doingnothing.
Anewmemberhastopayacertainfeebefore(his)enteringtheclub.
•但有时意义上的主语必须说出,以防引起误解。
由于句子主语常常被理解为动名词意义上的主语,下面例句中动名词表示的究竟是谁的动作则不清楚,须加上意义上的主语,以防造成误解:
•Alotofmoneysuddenlycameinwithoutaskingforit.(在asking前应加上my或其他名词或代词)
•Yoursonmustfinishahighschoolcoursebeforesendinghimtocollege.(在sending前要加your)
•Onenteringtheroom,somethingwonderfulpresenteditself.(在entering前要加his或其他名词或代词)
3)在动名词必须表明它是谁的动作时,通常要在它前面加一个John‘s,mymother’s,his这类所有格的词,作为它正式意义上的主语。
不过有时可用一个普通格的词如John,mymother,him来代替。
一般说来,用所有格形式(P)(Possessive)比较正式,用普通格形式(C)(CommonCase)比较口语化和强调。
使用所有格还是普通格,取决于动名词是作主语、宾语还是补语,也取决于意义上的主语是名词还是代词:
a)动名词作主语时,P比C更普通一些,不管意义上的主语是名词还是代词:
John'scominghomefromabroadisagreatevent.
Children'slearningmannersisimportant.
Hiscominghomefromabroadisagreatevent.
Theirlearningmannersisimportant.
如果动名词短语由it代表,而意义上的主语为名词,C比P更普通:
ItisagreateventJohncominghomefromabroad.
Itisimportantchildrenlearningmanners.
另外,在下面几种情况下C比P更普通:
1)当意义上的主语是“物”而不是“人”时:
Iaminformedoftheexaminationbeingverystrict.
Heisfondofcoffeebeingservedafterdinner.
Werejoicedatourtroopsdrivingtheenemybackacrosstheborder.
IamremindedofitbeingSunday.
2)当意义上的主语是一个指示词时:
Youwillobligemebyallstandinghere.
Thiscannotbesaidwithoutsomegettingangry.
Iamdoubtfulofthisbeingthebestone.
3)当意义上的主语由一组词表示时:
Adreamofallthemembersofthefamilylivingtogetheragainhasalwaysbeeninmymind.
Oldandyoungstudyinginthesameclassroomisaverycharmingsight.
三、后面可以跟动名词的动词
admit
dread
anticipate
enjoy
appreciate
escape
avoid
excuse
consider
Fancy=imagine
defer
finish
delay
deny
detest
dislike
loathe
resent
involve
Keep=continue
recollect
remember
Mean=involve
mind
miss
resist
forgive
pardon
risk
postpone
Practise/practice
Stop=cease
prevent
suggest
propose
understand
save
forbid
confess
advocate
四、连接动名词的词组
can’tstand(=endure),can’thelp,itisnouse/good以及形容词worth后面
Headmittedtakingthemoney.
他承认拿了那笔钱。
Avoidover-eating.
要避免暴饮暴食。
Wouldyouconsidersellingtheproperty?
你愿考虑卖出这产业吗?
Hedetestswritingletters.
他讨厌写信。
Henarrowlyescapedbeingrunover.
他差点儿被车压死。
Fancymeetingyou!
真想不到会碰见你!
Puttinginanewwindowwillinvolvecuttingawaypartoftheroof.
要开一个新窗户,就得拆除部分房顶。
Hedidn’twanttoriskgettingwet.
他不愿冒被淋湿的危险。
Ifwebuyplentyoffoodnowitwillsaveshoppinglaterintheweek.
Manyexpertsadvocaterewardingyourchildforgoodbehavior.
五、某些动词+介词/副词(即短语动词)后面要求接动名词
persistin坚持(做)
fallto开始(做)
leaveoff停下
taketo变得喜欢
putoff推迟
participatein参加
comecloseto几乎,差点
joinin参加
suspectsbof怀疑某人
excusesbfor原谅某人……
accusesbof指控某人……
excusesbfrom允许某人不做…
chargesbwith控告某人……
spendtime…
whenitcomesto…
wastetime…
setone'sheart/mindon…决意要……
有关例句:
Idon’tcareforstandinginqueues.
我不喜欢排队。
Eventuallythedogsleftoffbarking.
狗终于不叫了。
Iamlookingforwardtomeetingher.
我渴望见到她。
Heputoffmakingadecisiontillhehadmoreinformation.
他推迟到获得详情之后再决定。
Hetooktoringingusupinthemiddleofthenight.
他开始习惯在半夜给我们打电话。
Shefelltobroodingaboutwhathadhappenedtoher.
Weneedtosetaboutfindingasolution.
HesethisheartoncrossingthePacificbyballoon.
Pleaserefrainfromsmoking
Pleaseexcusemeforbeingsolatetoday.
CanIbeexcusedfromswimmingtoday?
Ihaveacold.
六、suspect和doubt的比较
反义:
suspect:
怀疑、、、是真的,tothinksth.maybetrue
doubt:
怀疑、、、是假的,tothinksth.maynotbetrue
例句:
Isuspecthewaslying.我怀疑他在撒谎=认为
Idoubtwhetherhewillcome.我怀疑他会不会来。
(+IF/WHETHER,质疑事件的真实性)
动名词的名词特点
合成词中的动名词
动名词可用来构成合成词。
在合成词内,动名词可起动词的作用,有自己的副词(状语)、宾语等,但合成词本身只能用作名词,不能再有副词、宾语等。
常见的有下面这几类:
1)名词(作宾语)+动名词:
Youmustgiveupcigar-smoking(=smokingcigars).
Hehaslearnedletter-writing(=writingletters).
Tiger-huntingisveryexciting.
2)名词(作状语)+动名词:
Wearereadytogreethishome-coming(=cominghome).
Sundayisthedayforchurch-going(goingtochurch).
Metal-working(=Workinginmetal)isaveryimportanthandicraftinthissmallcity
3)动名词+副词,或副词+动名词:
Thebringing-upofchildrencostsnoendoflabor.
Thereisinthiscountryagreatspeeding-upofindustry,butagreatstepping-downofmorals.
Theuprisingoftheunder-developedcountriesmarkedthemiddleofthiscentury.
Whatisthereasonforthefalling-offoftheproductionofourfactories?
Icanseethedown-goingofhiscareer.
4)动名词+名词(这时动名词起着形容词的作用,修饰这个名词):
Helefthissleeping-roomat10a.m.
Hecamewithawalking-stick.
Thewaterremainsbelowitsboiling-point.
Adancing-masterteachesher.
•以-ing结尾的名词
•动名词有时可以完全失去动词的作用,而成为一个纯粹的名词,它不再表示动作,而表示一样具体的东西。
在这种情况下,动名词已由抽象名词变成具体名词,因此不能再称作动名词。
•Engraving,drawing,sewing,writing(s),clipping(s),earnings,takings,sawings,parings,
•Covering,locking,binding,dripping,hangings,surroundings,outgoings,incomings
•Flooring,roofing,edging,carpeting,gilding,lining
•Socking,bagging,scaffolding,piping,tubing
•Givetheleavings(残菜剩饭)tothebeggar.
•Hespenthisearnings(挣的钱)ontheeducationofhischil-dren.
•Hesentmenewspaper-clippings(剪报)fromtimetotime.
•Theplacewherethecarpenterworkedisfullofshavings(刨花).
•Don'tthrowthesweepings(垃圾)inthestreet.
•Thefindings(调查结果)willbepublishednextweek.
•Hedoesnotlikedripping(烤肉流出的油脂).
•Hiswalllooksprettywithsomehangings(壁毯).
2011专四考点:
1、注意句子各成分的专业术语
2、ConvertAtoB把、、、变成、、、
Convertto+宗教该信、、、教
3、gowild=crazyuptoone’seyes=busy
Byluck=bychance
Thoughtful=considerate
Accommodate满足、、、需求(比喻意义)
3、blockade封锁restriction限制==封锁
liftblockade解除封锁ambiguous歧义的
imposeblockade实施封锁
4、falloutwithsb.=quarrelwithsb.
5、Fallforsuchanoldtrick=gullible