高中英语语法主谓一致讲解与练习.docx

高中英语语法主谓一致讲解与练习.docx

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高中英语语法主谓一致讲解与练习

高中语法：

主谓一致

Ⅰ.主谓一致原那么

含义：

在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必需和主语在人称和数上维持一致。

分类：

语法一致原那么、逻辑意义一致原那么、就近原那么。

Ⅱ.语法一致原那么：

谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上维持一致。

以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一样用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。

Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.

TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.

Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.

Whathesaidistrue.

【注意】★由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情形用单数形式，但假设表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。

WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.

WhatIsayanddohasnothingtodowithyou.

apairof+表无生命的名词+单数谓语；apairof+表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：

Thispairofshoesisnotmine.

Thehappypairis/aregoingtoHawaiifortheirhoneymoon.

“单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数：

YouandIaregoodfriends.

Theboyandthegirlweresosurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.

【注意】★若是and并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：

a/the+单数名词（人）+and+单数名词（人）+单数谓语

a/the+单数名词（人）+and+a/the+单数名词（人）+复数谓语

Thedancerandsingerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.

Thedancerandthesingerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.

由and连接的并列单数主语前若是别离有no,each,everymorethana（an）,manya（an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:

Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.

Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.

Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.

有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系紧密，已被看成一个整体，因此作主语时，谓语单词用单数。

这种名词词组有：

knifeandfork刀叉needleandthread针线

breadandbutter面包和黄油fishandchips炸鱼加薯条

thestarsandstripes星条旗

FishandchipsisapopularfastfoodinEngland.

Thestarsandstripesisthenationalflagofthe主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引发的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式:

Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.

Themanager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.

Theteacher,aswellastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.

each;each+单数可数名词；eachof+复数名词作主语时，谓语都用单数形式：

Eacharrivesontime.

Eachofthebuildingispaintedadifferentcolor.

由any,some,no,every与body,one,thing组成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部份，谓语用单数：

Everybodyisdoinghisbest.

Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.

在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致：

Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.

试比较：

Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.

Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.

若是集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；若是它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式,这些词有army,family,audience,club,class,group,organization,troop等：

Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.

Theclasswereallcheerful.

Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.

Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplans.

【注意】people,police,cattle等名词一样都用作复数:

Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.

在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致:

Suchistheresult.

Sucharethefacts.

【练一练】

Betweenthetworoads_______aTVtowercalled“SkyscraperTower”.

A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand

–HaveyouheardthatTom,alongwithhisparents,_______toFrance?

--Really?

NowonderIhaven’tseenhimthesedays.

A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.havebeenD.havegone

There_______apairoftrousersonthebed.

A.areB.isC.hasD.have

_______and_______aregoingabroadnextThursday?

Whichofthefollowingiswrong?

A.Thefather;sonB.Thesinger;dancersinger;adancerD.He;I

A_______and_______hasbeenboughtforyou.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?

A.goldwatch;chainB.knife;forkC.desk;butD.pen;pencil

Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_______intheroom.

A.areB.isstayedC.isD.has

Everystudentandeveryteacher_______.

A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeeting

C.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting

TheNewYorkTimes_______allovertheUnitedStates.

A.isreadB.isreadingC.arereadD.arereading

There_______tobesomethingwrongwithhissister,_______?

A.seem;isn’titB.seems;doesn’tthereC.seem;isn’tthereD.seems;doesn’tit

IthinkTom,_______you,_______toblame.

A.ratherthan;isB.ratherthan;areC.morethan;areD.lessthan;is

Thespeakersatthemeetingagreedthatthewaysinwhichtelevisioncaneducateaperson_______almostinfinite.

A.beB.areC.isD.are

“Ifanybody_______,pleaseputdown_______name,”saidtheteachertothemonitor.

A.wantstobuythebook;hisB.wanttobuythebook;their

C.willbuythebook;one’sD.wantstohavethebookbought;her

Myfamily_______largeandmyfamily_______reading.

A.is;enjoyB.is;enjoysC.are;enjoyD.are;enjoys

ThecustomsandcultureofAmerica_______verymuchlike_______ofEngland.

A.is;thatB.are;thoseC.havebeen;theonesD.hasbeen;theone

Onlyoneofthestudentswho_______present_______tospeakatthemeeting.

A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are

Ⅲ.逻辑意义一致原那么：

谓语动词的数必需和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数。

）

what,who,which,any,more,all等代词能够是单数，也能够是复数，要紧靠意思来决定：

Whichisyoufavoritesubject?

Whichareyourfavoritesubjects?

Allisgoingwell.

AllhavegonetoBeijing.

表示时刻、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时，因常表示一个整体的概念，谓语动词经常使用单数形式：

Eighthoursofsleepisenough.

Tendollarsistoomuchtopayfortheshirt.

复数形式的专出名词，如书名、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语用单数：

TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.

TheThameshasalargepopulation.

一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：

mathematics,politics,physics，和news，works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义是单数名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：

Worldeconomicshasadirecteffectonworldpeace.

Physicswashermajor.

“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数：

Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer.

Thegoodarewellrewarded,andthebadpunished.

【练一练】

_______is_______.Whichiswrong?

A.Twodays;alongvacationforthestudentsB.Oneandahalfdollars;notenough.

C.TheNewYorkTimes;publisheddailyC.800miles;longdistance

Therich_______notalwayshappy.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

Whatsheleftme_______afewoldbooks.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

Tenminutes_______anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.

A.isB.areC.seemsD.seem

ThePhilippines_______ofmorethan7,000islands.

A.consistsB.consistC.makeupD.makesup

Ⅳ.就近原那么：

谓语动词的人称与最近的主语维持一致。

当两个主语由or;either…or;neither…nor;whether…or…;notonly…butalso连接时，谓语动词和临近的主语一致：

GeorgeorIamwrong.

EitherJohnorhisfriendsaretoblameforthebadresults.

NeithermybrothernorIamgoingtothesummercamp.

Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.

therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语，那么应与靠近的那个主语维持一致：

（here引导的句子用法相同）

Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.

Therearetwentygirlsandonlyoneboyinourclass.

【练一练】

NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_______tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.

A.isB.areC.amD.be

Eithertheteachersorthepresident_______themeeting.

A.attendsB.attendC.areattendingD.haveattended

Themanagerorhissecretary_______togiveyouaninterview.

A.isB.areC.wereD.have

Neitherofyoursuggestions_______sense.

A.makesB.makeC.ismadeD.aremade

There_______20dollarsandtwocardsinmypurse.

A.areB.isC.haveD.has

Ⅴ.表示数量的短语作主语时的谓语形式

“manya/morethanone+单数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数：

Manyashiphasbeenwreckedonthoserocks.

Morethanonegrammaticalmistakewasfoundinhiscomposition.

表示鸟兽鱼群的词,如aflockofbirds,apackofdogs,aprideoflions,aherdofcattle,aschooloffish等作主语，谓语用单数：

Aflockofbirdsiscirclingoverhead.

alotof,lotsof,plentyof,thepercentageof,分数词+of,aquantityof,quantitiesof作主语的一部份时，与复数名词连用，谓语用复数形式；与不可数名词连用，谓语用单数形式：

Two-fifthsofthemoneyismine.

Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromEnglish-speakingcountries.

Therewasquantitiesofrainthisfall.

agreatdealof,anamountof,alittleof,muchof等与不可数名词连历时，谓语用单数：

Muchofthefurnitureisuncomfortable.

Thereisalimitedamountofoilintheworld.

agoodmany,agreatmany,anumberof与复数可数名词连用作主语时，谓语用复数：

Therewereagreatmanypeopleinthepark.

Anumberofstudentswereabsent.

【注意】“thenumberof+复数名词+单数谓语”，表示“…的数量”：

Thenumberofdaysinaweekisseven.

【练一练】

About60percentofthestudents_______fromthesouth,therestofthem_______fromthenorthandforeigncountries.

A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is

Thenumberofpeopleinvited_______fifty;butanumberofthem_______absentfordifferentreasons.

A.were;was,B.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were

Manyachild_______towalkbeforehecanspeak.

A.learnB.learnsC.learnedD.havelearned

Morethanonegirl_______lateforclassthismorning.

A.areB.isC.wasD.were

ThepopulationofChina_______over1,200millionandeightypercentofthepopulation_______peasants.

A.is;areB.are;isC.is;isD.are;are

Homework:

1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_______visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.

A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe

2.Therich_____notalwayshappy..

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

3.Thisspecialstrainofrice___________one-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefield.

A.makespossibletoproduceB.makesitpossibletoproduce

C.makepossibleproducingD.makeitpossibleproducing

4.Avarietyofbooks_____________thechildrenofdifferentages.

A.areinterestedinB.isinterestedin

C.areintendingforD.isintendingfor

5.Tomaswellastwoofhisfriends________totheconcertlastnight

A.hasbeeninvitedB.hadbeeninvited

C.wereinvitedD.wasinvited

6.—Mike,whatdidourmonitorsayjustnow?

—Everyboyandeverygirlaswellasteacherswhotovisitthemuseumaskedtobeattheschoolgatebefore6:

30inthemorning.

A.is;isB.are;isC.is;areD.are;are

7.ApoetandartistcomingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingstomorrowafternoon.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

8.ItisI_________myparents