THE SCM.docx

THE SCM.docx

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THESCM

英文翻译

THESCM

SCMisanintegratedcircuitchip,istheuseoflargescaleintegratedcircuittechnologytoadataprocessingcapabilityofCPU,CPUrandomaccessmemoryRAM,read-onlymemoryROM,avarietyofI/Oportandinterruptsystem,timers/timerfunctions（whichmayalsoincludedisplaydrivercircuitry,pulsewidthmodulationcircuit,multipleanalogconverters,A/Dconvertercircuit）integratedintoasiliconconstituteasmallandcompletecomputersystems.

（A）introducemicrocontroller

SCMisalsoknownasmicro-controller（Microcontroller）,becauseitisthefirsttobeusedinindustrialcontrol.OnlyasinglechipbytheCPUchipdevelopedfromadedicatedprocessor.ThefirstdesignisbyalargenumberofperipheralsandCPUonachipinthecomputersystem,smaller,moreeasilyintegratedintoacomplexanddemandingonthevolumecontroldevicewhich.INTEL'sZ80isthefirstdesignedinaccordancewiththisideaprocessor,thenonthedevelopmentofmicrocontrolleranddedicatedprocessorshavepartedways.

Are8-bitmicrocontrollerearlyor4bits.OneofthemostsuccessfulistheINTEL8031,forasimple,reliableandgoodperformancewasalotofpraise.Thendevelopedin8031outofMCS51MCUSystems.SCMsystemsbasedonthissystemuntilnowisstillwidelyused.Withtheincreasedrequirementsofindustrialcontrolfield,begana16-bitmicrocontroller,butnotidealbecausethecosthasnotbeenverywidelyused.After90yearswiththegreatdevelopmentofconsumerelectronics,microcontrollertechnologyhasbeenahugeincrease.WithINTEL

i960series,especiallythelaterseriesofwidelyusedARM,32-bitsingle-chip16-bitMCUrapidlyreplacinghigh-endstatus,andenterthemainstreammarket.Thetraditional8-bitmicrocontrollerperformancehavealsobeenrapidlyincreasedprocessingpowercomparedto80increasedthenumberoftimes.Currently,high-end32-bitmicrocontrollerclockedover300MHz,theperformancecatchingthemid-90sdedicatedprocessor,whiletheaveragemodelpricesfalltooneU.S.dollar,themosthigh-end[1]modelonly10dollars.ModernSCMsystemsarenolongeronlyinthedevelopmentanduseofbaremetalenvironment,

AlargenumberofdedicatedembeddedoperatingsystemiswidelyusedinthefullrangeofSCM.Thehandheldcomputersandcellphonesasthecoreprocessingofhigh-endmicrocontrollercanevenuseadedicatedWindowsandLinuxoperatingsystems.

SCMismoresuitablethanthespecificprocessorusedinembeddedsystems,soitwasuptotheapplication.InfactthenumberofSCMistheworld'slargestcomputer.Modernhumanlifeusedinalmosteverypieceofelectronicandmechanicalproductswillbeintegratedsinglechip.Phone,telephone,calculator,homeappliances,electronictoys,handheldcomputers,andboththemouseandothercomputeraccessorieswitha1-2DivisionSCM.PersonalcomputerwillhavealargenumberofSCMinthework.Generalcarwithmorethan40microcontroller,acomplexindustrialcontrolsystemsmayevenhundredsofsinglechipatthesametimework!

SCMisnotonlyfarexceedsthenumberofPCandothercomputingthesum,orevenmorethanthenumberofhumanbeings.

Singlechip,alsoknownassingle-chipmicrocontroller,itisnotcompleteacertainlogicchips,buttoacomputersystemintegratedintoachip.Equivalenttoamicro-computer,andcomputerthanjustthelackofasinglechipI/Odevices.Generaltalk:

achipbecomesacomputer.Itissmall,lightweight,cheap,forthestudy,applicationanddevelopmentoffacilitiesprovided.Atthesametime,learningtousetheMCUistounderstandtheprincipleandstructureofthecomputerthebestchoice.

SCMalsousedinsidethemodulesandcomputerfeatureslike,suchasCPU,memory,parallelbus,thesameeffectthere,andharddiskmemorydevice,isitdifferentfromtheperformanceofthesecomponentsarerelativelyweakmanyofourhomecomputer,butthepriceislow,usuallynotmorethan10yuanyoucandowithit......somecontrolforaclassisnotverycomplicatedelectricalworkisenoughof.Weareusingautomaticdrumwashingmachine,smokehood,VCDandsoonapplianceswhichcouldseeitsshadow!

......Itismainlypartofthecorecomponentsasthecontrol.

Itisanonlinereal-timecontrolcomputer,on-lineison-sitecontrol,needtohavestronganti-interferenceability,lowcost,andthisis,andoff-linecomputer（suchashomePC）,themaindifference.Singlechip

MCUisthroughrunning,andcanbemodified.Throughdifferentprocedurestoachievedifferentfunctions,inparticularspecialuniquefeatures,thisisanotherdevicemucheffortneedstobedone,whileothersareverydifficulttospendgreateffortstodoso.Anotverycomplexfunctionsifthe50'swiththeUnitedStatesdeveloped74series,orthe60'sCD4000seriesofthesepurehardwarebuttoned,thenthecircuitmustbealargePCBboard!

ButiftheUnitedStatesifthe70'swithaseriesofsuccessfulSCMmarket,theresultwillbeadrasticchange!

Justbecauseyouarepreparedbymicrocomputerprogramscanachievehighintelligence,highefficiencyandhighreliability!

Asthemicrocontrolleronthecost-sensitive,sonowthedominantsoftwareorthelowestlevelassemblylanguage,whichisthelowestlevelinadditiontomorethanbinarymachinecodelanguage,andassolowwhyistheuse?

Manyhigh-levellanguagehasreachedthelevelofvisualprogrammingWhyisnotit?

ThereasonissimplythatthereisnohomecomputerasasinglechipCPU,notashardasamassstoragedevice.Avisualizationofsmallhigh-levellanguageprogramwhichevenifonlyonebutton,willreachtensofKinsize!

ForthehomePC'sharddriveintermsofnothing,

ButspeakingfortheMCUisnotacceptable.

SCMintheutilizationofhardwareresourcestobeveryhighforthejobsoalthoughtheoriginalisstillinthecompilationofalotofuse.Thesametoken,ifthegiantcomputeroperatingsystemandapplicationsrunuptogethomePC,homePC,alsocannotaffordto.

Canbesaidthatthetwentiethcenturyacrossthethree"power"era,thatis,theageofelectricity,theelectronicageandhasenteredintothecomputerage.However,suchcomputers,usuallyreferstothepersonalcomputer,referredtoasPC.Itconsistsofthehost,keyboard,monitorandothercomponents.Anothertypeofcomputer,mostpeopledonotknowhow.Thiscomputeristogiveallkindsofmachinery,intelligentsinglechip（alsoknownasmicro-controller）.Asthenamesuggests,thiscomputersystemtookonlyaminimalintegratedcircuit,canbeasimpleoperationandcontrol.Becauseitissmall,usuallyhiddeninthechargedmechanical"stomach"in.Itisinthedevice,

Playsarolesimilartothehumanmind,itgoeswrong,theentiredevicewasparalyzed.Now,thismicrocontrollerhasbeenverywidelyusedinthefield,suchassmartmeters,real-timeindustrialcontrol,communicationsequipment,navigationsystem,andhouseholdappliances.OnceallkindsofproductswereusingSCM,canservetoupgradetheeffectivenessofproducts,oftenintheproductnameprecededbytheadjective-"intelligent,"suchasintelligentwashingmachines.Nowsometechnicalpersonneloffactoriesorotheramateurelectronicsdeveloperstoengageinoutofcertainproducts,notthecircuitistoocomplicated,toosimpleisthefunction

Andcaneasilybecopied.Thereasonmaybestuckintheproductdidnotuseamicrocontrollerorotherprogrammablelogicdevice.

（B）oftheSCMhistory

SCM70borninthelate20thcentury,experiencedaSCM,MCU,SoCthreestages.

1.SCMthesinglechipmicrocomputer（SingleChip

Microcomputer）stage,mainlyseekingthebestofthebestsingleformofembeddedsystemsarchitecture."Innovationmodel"success,layingtheSCMandgeneralcomputercompletelydifferentpathofdevelopment.Intheopenroadofindependentdevelopmentofembeddedsystems,IntelCorporationcontributed.

2.MCUthemicro-controller（MicroController

Unit）stage,themaindirectionoftechnologydevelopment:

expandingtomeettheembeddedapplications,theobjectsystemrequirementsforthevariousperipheralcircuitsandinterfacecircuits,highlighttheobjectofintelligentcontrol.Itinvolvestheareasassociatedwiththeobjectsystem,therefore,thedevelopmentofMCU'sresponsibilityinevitablyfallsonelectrical,electronicsmanufacturers.Fromthispointofview,IntelfadedMCUdevelopmenthasitsobjectivefactors.InthedevelopmentofMCU,themostfamousmanufacturersasthenumberofPhilipsCorporation.

Philipscompanyinembeddedapplications,itsgreatadvantage,theMCS-51single-chipmicro-computerfromtherapiddevelopmentofthemicro-controller.Therefore,whenwelookbackatthepathofdevelopmentofembeddedsystems,donotforgetIntelandPhilipsinHistory.

3.Microcontrollerisembeddedintheindependentdevelopment,theMCUanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentstage,isseekingapplicationstomaximizethesolutioninthechip;Therefore,thedevelopmentofspecificnaturallyformedasinglechipSoCtrend.Asthemicroelectronics,ICdesign,EDAtoolsdevelopment,applicationsystembasedonMCUSoCdesignhavegreaterdevelopment.Therefore,theunderstandingofthemicrocontrollerchipmicrocomputercanbe,extendedtothesingle-chipmicro-controllerapplications.

（C）oftheSCMapplications

SCMnowpermeateallareasofourlives,whichisalmostdifficulttofindtracesofthefieldwithoutSCM.Missilenavigationequipment,aircraft,alltypesofinstrumentcontrol,computernetworkcommunicationsanddatatransmission,industrialautomation,real-timeprocesscontrolanddataprocessing,extensiveuseofvarioussmartICcard,civilianluxurycarsecuritysystem,videorecorder,camera,fullyautomaticwashingmachine