Acing the TOEFL Writing 4.docx

Acing the TOEFL Writing 4.docx

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AcingtheTOEFLWriting4

AcingtheTOEFLWriting

IndependentWritingⅢ

BodyParagraph②

Development:

DivisionandClassification

vDivisionandClassification:

1.Division:

分类

2.Classification:

归类

Development:

DivisionandClassification

v2009-05-30TopicSentence:

vArtandmusicprove/areregardedas/arethoughtofas/areconsideredasanoutletofpressurefrommath,language,science,andhistory.

vArtandmusiccoursescanhelpyoungerstudentsinspirenewinsightsintotraditionalcourses.

vThroughartandmusic,childrenmaygainadeeperappreciationofcultureandhistory.

v

Development:

DivisionandClassification

vArtandmusicprove/areregardedas/arethoughtofas/areconsideredasanoutletofpressurefrommath,language,science,andhistory.

vartandmusicwhichmakechildrenfeelhappy:

generatelaugh;laughwillcurechildrenofpressure

vartandmusicwhichmakechildrenfeelsad:

generatetears;themorepeoplecry,thelesspressurepeoplebear

Development:

DivisionandClassification

vArtandmusicprove/areregardedas/arethoughtofas/areconsideredasanoutletofpressurefrommath,language,science,andhistory.

Theincreasedloadfromtraditionalcoursesposesconsiderablepressureuponyoungerstudents.Yet,artandmusic,despitethesadnessorpleasuretheycanbringabout,canreleasechildrenfromthisstress…..

Development:

DivisionandClassification

vArtandmusiccoursescanhelpyoungerstudentsinspirenewinsightsintotraditionalcourses.

vClassicalartandmusic:

bringthebeautyofgrandness,harmony,andbalancetochildren

vModernartandmusic:

enablechildrentofeelthebeautyofdynamic

v

Development:

DivisionandClassification

vArtandmusiccoursescanhelpyoungerstudentsinspirenewinsightsintotraditionalcourses.

Artandmusic,whichcanbedividedintoclassicalandmodernstyle,playvariousrolesintriggeringinspiration…..

Development:

DivisionandClassification

vThroughartandmusic,childrenmaygainadeeperappreciationofcultureandhistory.

vseriousartandmusic:

reflecthistoryorcultureinthepast;classicaltimes;19thcentury,breakthrough,Picasso,cubism;VanGogh;postmodern,individualism

vFolk/popartandmusic:

reflectcultureinmodernorcontemporarysociety;indifferentcountriesorareas

Development:

DivisionandClassification

vThroughartandmusic,childrenmaygainadeeperappreciationofcultureandhistory.

Differentartandmusic,includingseriousorpopones,havetheirownpurposes….

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

vComparisonandContrast:

1.Comparison:

similarity

比较：

找相同点

2.Contrast:

difference

对照：

找不同点

3.Analogy:

比拟，比喻

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

vComparison&Contrast：

also,too,both,like,likewise,similarly,

notonly...butalso…,haveincommon,

inthesameway,inlikemanner,

bythesametoken,insimilarfashion,

sharethesame

yet,andyet,although,unlike,nevertheless,notwithstanding,nonetheless,otherwise,

afterall,onthecontrary,incontrast,

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

vAnalogy（比拟、比喻）:

vA…like/asB

vGoverninganationislikecookingafish.

治大国若烹小鲜。

vThechildhoodshowstheman,justasmorningshowstheday.

童年于一个人，好比早晨于一天。

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

vAnalogy（比拟、比喻）:

2.A…toB+as/what+C…toD

vReadingistoourmindwhat（=as）foodistoourbody.

阅读于思想而言，犹如食物于身体。

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

3.（Just）As+B,so…A;What…,that…

vJustasfiretriesgold,sodoesadversitytryvirtue.

正如火试金一样，逆境验证人的品德。

vWhatthetigerisintheforest,thatthefishisinthewater.

虎啸山林，如鱼得水。

vWhatbloodvesselistoaman’sbody,thatrailwayistotransportation.

血管对于人体而言，犹如铁路对于运输。

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

vAnalogy（比拟、比喻）:

4.（theexperiences/thebackground/research）parallelmine/others

Wefindthatthespeedinbookpublicationdoes,infact,crudelyparalleltherateatwhichmendiscoverednewknowledge.

我们发现书籍出版的速度实际上是和人类发现新知识的速度大体一致的。

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

vAnalogy（比拟、比喻）:

5.Thereare（have/show/find/indicate/reveal）someparallelsbetween/in…

Thebehaviorofratpopulationhasparallelsinhumanbehavior.

老鼠的行为和人类行为相似。

…findparallelsbetweenyourownexperiencesandtheideasyoureadabout

在你个人经验和所读到思想中找到相似点。

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

vAnalogy（比拟、比喻）:

6.resemblesth.（society/machine）

像……

7.Bearmany（little/some）close（striking）resemblancesto

有很多相似之处

8.Suchadministrativeoverheadinabusinessisanalogoustothecostofgovernmentinacountry.

商业管理费用就如同政府管理费用一样。

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

vAnalogy（比拟、比喻）:

9.Thesearenotanalogoustowhathappenswhenmanages.

这和人们变老时所发生的完全不同。

10.Toknowinglygiveoneselftoabehaviorsuchassmokingthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.

明知有数据表明吸烟会折寿，却依然屈服于它，就如同尝试自杀。

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

v2009-05-30TopicSentence:

vArtandmusicprove/areregardedas/arethoughtofas/areconsideredasanoutletofpressurefrommath,language,science,andhistory.

vArtandmusiccoursescanhelpyoungerstudentsinspirenewinsightsintotraditionalcourses.

vThroughartandmusic,childrenmaygainadeeperappreciationofcultureandhistory.

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

vArtandmusicprove/areregardedas/arethoughtofas/areconsideredasanoutletofpressurefrommath,language,science,andhistory.

vWhatartandmusiccoursesaretoyoungerchildren,thatbreakistobasketballplayers.

vWhatartandmusiccoursesaretoyoungerchildren,thatoasisistotiredtravelers.

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

vArtandmusiccoursescanhelpyoungerstudentsinspirenewinsightsintotraditionalcourses.

vInspirationislikesparkswhichcanbeemittedbyacrash.

v

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

vThroughartandmusic,childrenmaygainadeeperappreciationofcultureandhistory.

vArtandmusicareanalogoustoamirrorreflectingthecultureandhistoryfromwhichtheyoriginate.

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

v2009-01-18Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?

Itisimportantforfamiliestoregularlyhavetheirmealstogether.

聚餐与一个家庭而言，就如同会议对于一个公司一样重要。

会议对一个公司而言非常重要……

Whathavingmealstogetherregularlyistoafamily,thatmeetingistoabusinessorganization.Regularmeetingisindispensabletoacorporation,because……

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

v2009-02-22:

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?

Themajorpurposeoftelevisionistoeducateratherthantoentertain.

电视和电影有许多相似之处。

电影……

①Televisionbearsmanystrikingresemblancestomovie.Movie…

②Televisionresemblesmovie.Movie…

③Televisionisanalogoustomovie.Movie…

④Televisionissimilartomove.Movie…

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

v2009-02-28:

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?

Teachersshouldberewardedwithincomescomparabletothoseofdoctors,lawyers,orbusinessleaders.

教师之于教育，犹如医生之于医学、律师之于法律、商业领袖之于商业。

What（As）doctorsaretomedicalscience,lawyerstolaws,andbusinessleaderstobusiness,teachersaretoeducation.

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

v2009-03-07:

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?

Itisbettertouseourpersonalknowledgeandexperiencestosolveproblems,ratherthantoaskotherpeopleforadvice.

采纳他人意见去解决处理问题，就好比利用工具去搬运重物一样。

Askingotherpeopleforadvicetodealwithproblemsisanalogoustotakingadvantageoftoolstomoveheavyobjects.

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

v2009-03-22:

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?

Governmentshouldfocusmoreonnaturalenvironmentandlessoneconomicdevelopment.

自然环境对于生态而言，就如同健康之对于人体。

Whatnaturalenvironmentistoecosystem,thathealthistohumanbody.

国家需要经济支撑好比人体需要食物滋养一样。

As（What）thehumanbodyisnourishedbythefood,soisanationbyeconomicdevelopment.

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

v2009-03-29:

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?

Intwentyyearsfromnowprintedbookswillnolongerexist.

电子书在传播知识和信息方面和网络有很多相似之处。

然而网络的出现，并没有导致纸质书籍的消失。

DigitalbooksaresimilartoInternetinthecommunicationofinformationandknowledge…

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

v2009-05-09:

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?

Itisbetterforparentstoletchildrenmanagetheirpocketmoneywhentheywereyoung.

零花钱对于一个孩子而言，就如同薪水对于一个成年人，财务对于一个公司而言一般重要。

What（As）incomeistoadults,andfinancialresourcetocorporations,pocketmoneyistochildren.

Development:

ComparisonandContrast

v2009-06-12:

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement.Studentsshouldworkatpart-timejobswhenattendinguniversity.

兼职工作就好比是一门社会实践课程，会使学生更对社会有更好的了解。

Part-timejobsareanalogousto/resemble/bearmanycloseresemblancestoacourseofsocialcontact,whichwillenablecollegestudentstodeepentheirunderstandingofsociety.

Development:

Definition

vDefinition（下定义）:

Onesentencedefinition:

Term+Class+DifferentiatingDetail

Loveisastrongfeelingthatonehasforanother.

Loveisastrongfeelingwithwhichonewillunselfishlydoeverythingpossibleforanother.

Development:

Definition

vDefinition（下定义）①:

1.Describethepartsofdistinguishingcharacteristics（classorspeciestowhichthesubjectbelongs）

描写区分性的特征（或所属种类）

2.Offersomeexamples

提供例子

3.Statesomefamiliarsynonyms

以熟悉的近义词说明

SupportingSentence

vDefinition（下定义）②:

4.Definebynegation（tellwhatthetermdoesn’tmean）

以否定来定义

5.Discusscausesoreffects

讨论因果

6.Identifytimes/placesofuseorappearance

界定用途或出现的时间、地点

7.Associateitwithrecognizablepeop