新标准大学英语4课文summary.docx

新标准大学英语4课文summary.docx

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新标准大学英语4课文summary

Unit1reading2ifyouaskme

Thisisaninformalandpersonalizedaccountofaneconomicgraduatewhogetsajobinapubforayearandthenhasanopportunitytobesuccessful（aluckybreak）.Sinceherfamilycan’tsupporthertofurtherstudy,shehastowork.Shehasfinancialproblemsandfeelslonely.ShetellshertroublestoTony,aregularcustomerofthepub,whotalkstosomefriendsandgetsheraloantosetupabusiness.Withthishelpshehashermaster’sdegreeandherowncompany.however,unluckliy,Tonyisdisabledafteranaccidentandneedstherepaymentoftheloantoadapthishouseforhisdisability.ShepaybackTony’shelp,andTonythinksthatinvestinginpeoplegivesthebestreturnyoucaneverhopefor.

Unit2reading1

Readingisalife-changingactivity.Ithelpsusenteranewworldandliberateusfromtherealworldwecomefrom;itstimulatesouremotionsandallowsusenjoyandcelebratethevarietyanddifferencefrombooks;itaidsustogetoutofconfusioninamaterialworldandtodiscovertherealmeaningofthelife.Simplyput,booksaresupremelyinfluentialinthewaywelive.

Homerunbookmightbetheanswerforthebookthateveryoneshouldread.Itdescribesthefirstreadingexperiencethatinducessuchpleasureandsatisfactionthatyoucannotputitdownanditmayrangefromtheclassicstothemostrecent.Everyoneislookingfortheirownhomerunbooks.Andwhatisyours?

Unit2reading2

HenryMillerdepictsthestrugglehemadetoobtainbookswhenhewasyoung,andthenintroducesthereasonthatmakesabooklive---thatis,theenthusiasticrecommendationofonereadertoanother.Inhiseyes,booksareoneofthefewthingsmencherisheddeeply,butifyoulendittoothers,itmakesfriendsforyou.Hecontinuestosuggestthatthevastmajorityofbooksrepeatwhatotherssay,soreadaslittleaspossible.Hethenadvicessuchawaytotesthissuggestion---thatis,leaveabookalone,butthinkasintenselyaspossibleandifyoudecidetoread,observewithwhatextraordinaryacumenyoureaditandrealizethatverylittleofthebooksisreallynewtoyou.

Unit3reading1

Between1960and2010,therearetwoconstantfactors:

theubiquitousjeansandtheriseandfallofhemlinesforwomen

’sskirtsanddresses.

JeanswereinventedbyLeviStraussinthemid-19thcenturyinAmerica.Butitsoonbecamepopularamongyoungpeople.Inlate1950s,itexporttoEuropeandAsia.Themostimportantdevelopmentinfashioninthe1960swastheminiskirtinventedbyMary,Quant.

Hemlineswererelatedtotheeconomy.Whenevertheeconomicoutlookisunsettled,bothmenandwomentendtowearmoreconservativeclothes.Andastheeconomysituationchanged,timesawanumberofdifferentstyles.Sometimesthehemlinecanevenpredictedachangeinthemoodofthestockmarketlongbeforeitactuallyhappens.Anditwasprovedintheeconomiccrisisin2008.

Duringthewholeperiod,fashionstyleshaverangedwidely.Buttheconstantfactorsoverthisperiodaredenimandhemlines.

Unit3reading2

Seaglassispopularamongthejewellerycollectorsforseveralreasons.First,thecreationofseaglassisaformofrecycling,wherenaturecompensatesforman’sfolly.Second,withhumanrecyclingratherthanhurlingitintothesea,seaglassbecomesrarerthandiamonds,itssupplyis

indeclinewhileitsdemandisontherise.Thisleadstoitsboominthemarket.

Third,itseco-credentialslendseaglassfurtherappeal,asgoldextractiondamagestheenvironmentanddiamondindustryhasapoorhumanrightsrecord.Sothedesignerswouldliketoputseaglasstouse.

GinaCowenbecameaseaglassjewellerafterherstintsinjournalismandmusicmanagementinher20sand30s.Whileseaglassisdisappearing,sheisstillonthehunt.

GinaCowen’scollectionstartedinherwalkalongashinglebeachnearCapetown,SouthAfrica,whereshewasborn.Shehasseveralhuntinggrounds,SouthAfrica,Fiji,MajorcainSpain,andtheUK.ButherfavouriteoneisSeahamBeachintheUK.

HerdesignsweresoldatLiberty,London,butmostlyshesellsherjewellerytoprivatecustomers.

Withthedeclineofseaglassinsupply,therehasarisenproblemofrevivingoldhabitsofdumpingglassintothesea.GinaCowenrefusestocondoneitandsheevenrejectstheideaofpolishingnewglasstomakeitlookold,asthereisastorybehindseaglass.

SofollowCowen’sexampleandsearchforglowingpebblesbeforethey

vanish.

Unit4reading1

Today,wearecaughtinthecreditcrunchbecausebankssettrapswhichappealtoourvanityandgreedandsometimestoourbasicneedforsurvival.

Thebanksgiveafalsesenseofsuperioritytopeoplewithexclusivegoldcreditcardsinhard.Theytargetpeoplewhoarepronetoimpulse-buying,andpotentiallybadcreditrisks,temptedtospendmorethantheyhave,andliabletofallbehindwithrepayments.Theylureimpoverishedstudentswithunrealisticinterestrates.

Theychargepeoplewhogooverthelimittheexorbitantinterestbutomittotellthemtheinterestpaidisnotforthedebt,butfortheoverspendoftheoverdraft.Byattractinguswiththeirendlesspublicityforloansofmoney,thebanksearnmoney.

Sohowtogetourselvesoutofthetraps?

Layoutallofyourcreditcardsinaline,takealargepairofscissorsandcutthemintosmallpieces.Thenthebankshavenopotentialtotemptmoneyawayfromyou.

Unit4reading2

What’sthekeytoWeddedbliss?

Moneymatters.Marriageatitscoreisafinancialunion.Topreservetheirmaritalassetsandtheirunion,coupleshadbettersharesimilaroutlooksonmoneymattersor,attheveryleast,findsomemiddleground.Otherwise,moneywillbeahugefactorinbreakingupmarriages.

However,noteveryoneisluckytogetmarriedtoafinancialtwin.Tobecomemorecompatiblewiththeirsignificantotherandultimatelymoreprosperous,couplesneedfollowtheseguidelines:

talkingandsharinggoals;runningahomelikeabusiness,thatis,makingabudgetandkeepingtrackofearnings,expensesanddebts,makingbigfinancialdecisionsandsettinggoalstogether;beingsupportiveofcareers;enjoying,butwithinreason;usingamediatorwhilehavingstrongyetdivergentopinions.Maintainingsomefinancialindependence;spendingtimeandmoneytogetherasakindofinvestmentinmarriage.

Unit5reading1

Researchershavefoundthatmengossipasmuchaswomenandmenspendmuchmoretimetalkingaboutthemselves.However,mendon

’tadmittheygossip,insteadtheydefineitas‘’exchanginginformation’’.

Thereasonwhyfemalegossipactuallysoundslikegossipisthatthereseemtobethreeprincipalfactorsinvolved.Firstly,thetonerule.Womenadoptatonewhichishighandquick,orsometimesastagewhisper,buealwayshighlyanimated,whilemengossipinthesameflat,unemotionalmannerasanyotherpieceofinformation.

Secondly,thedetailedrule.Forwomen,adetailedspeculationaboutpossiblemotives,causesandoutcomesiscrucial.However,menfindallthisdetailboring,irrelevantandunmanly.Thirdly,thefreedbackrule.Femalelistenersarerequiredtobeatleastasanimatedandenthusiasticasspeakers.However,menwhorespondinsuchamannerwouldbeconsideredinappropriatelygirly,orevendisturbinglyeffeminate.Forthem,asuitableexpletiveisbettertoconveytheirsurprise.

Unit5reading2

Womenconstanlyhavetomakechoicesaboutdressandappearance,andeventhewaytheysigntheirnames,whichleadpeopletomakejudgmentsaboutthem.Awomanwithoutaparticularhairstyleisconsideredcarelessabouthowshelooksandcanbedisqualified

formanypositions.Tightorrevealingclothessendamessagethatthewearerwantstobeattractiveandthatsheisstillavailable.Lightmake-upcallsattentiontothewearerassomeonewhotriestobeattractivewithoutbeingalluring.Awomanwhotakesherhusband’ssurnameannouncestotheworldthatsheismarriedandalsothatsheistraditionalandmaybelessherself.Howevermendonothavetomakethesamechoices.

Unit6reading1

Churchillbelievedthathewasdestinedtoleadhiscountry.HefoughtasasoldierinWorldWar1andledthecountrytovictoryinWorldWar2.itseemedtoironicthataleaderofsuchrenowedasChurchillcouldnotcountontheloyaltyofvotersin1945.However,inademocraticcountry,electorscannotbebullied,andhehadtotoleratepoliticaldefeataftermilitaryvictory,andwentoncemoretohiscountryretreat,Chartwell.

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