国联盟约.docx

国联盟约.docx

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国联盟约

TheCovenantoftheLeagueofNations（《国联盟约》，1919.4.28）

THEHIGHCONTRACTINGPARTIES,Inordertopromoteinternationalco-operationandtoachieveinternationalpeaceandsecuritybytheacceptanceofobligationsnottoresorttowarbytheprescriptionofopen,justandhonourablerelationsbetweennationsbythefirmestablishmentoftheunderstandingsofinternationallawastheactualruleofconductamongGovernments,andbythemaintenanceofjusticeandascrupulousrespectforalltreatyobligationsinthedealingsoforganisedpeopleswithoneanotherAgreetothisCovenantoftheLeagueofNations.            

    ARTICLE1.            

    TheoriginalMembersoftheLeagueofNationsshallbethoseoftheSignatorieswhicharenamedintheAnnextothisCovenantandalsosuchofthoseotherStatesnamedintheAnnexasshallaccedewithoutreservationtothisCovenant.SuchaccessionshallbeeffectedbyaDeclarationdepositedwiththeSecretariatwithintwomonthsofthecomingintoforceoftheCovenantNoticethereofshallbesenttoallotherMembersoftheLeague.Anyfullyself-governingState,Dominion,orColonynotnamedintheAnnexmaybecomeaMemberoftheLeagueifitsadmissionisagreedtobytwo-thirdsoftheAssemblyprovidedthatitshallgiveeffectiveguaranteesofitssincereintentiontoobserveitsinternationalobligations,andshallacceptsuchregulationsasmaybeprescribedbytheLeagueinregardtoitsmilitary,naval,andairforcesandarmaments.AnyMemberoftheLeaguemay,aftertwoyears'noticeofitsintentionsotodo,withdrawfromtheLeague,providedthatallitsinternationalobligationsandallitsobligationsunderthisCovenantshallhavebeenfulfilledatthetimeofitswithdrawal.            

    ARTICLE2.            

    TheactionoftheLeagueunderthisCovenantshallbeeffectedthroughtheinstrumentalityofanAssemblyandofaCouncil,withapermanentSecretariat.            

    ARTICLE3.            

    TheAssemblyshallconsistofRepresentativesoftheMembersoftheLeague.TheAssemblyshallmeetatstatedintervalsandfromtimetotimeasoccasionmayrequireattheSeatoftheLeagueoratsuchotherplaceasmaybedecidedupon.TheAssemblymaydealatitsmeetingswithanymatterwithinthesphereofactionoftheLeagueoraffectingthepeaceoftheworld.AtmeetingsoftheAssemblyeachMemberoftheLeagueshallhaveonevote,andmaynothavemorethanthreeRepresentatives.                ARTICLE4.            

    TheCouncilshallconsistofRepresentativesofthePrincipalAlliedandAssociatedPowers,togetherwithRepresentativesoffourotherMembersoftheLeague.ThesefourMembersoftheLeagueshallbeselectedbytheAssemblyfromtimetotimeinitsdiscretion.UntiltheappointmentoftheRepresentativesofthefourMembersoftheLeaguefirstselectedbytheAssembly,RepresentativesofBelgium,Brazil,Spain,andGreeceshallbemembersoftheCouncil.WiththeapprovalofthemajorityoftheAssembly,theCouncilmaynameadditionalMembersoftheLeaguewhoseRepresentativesshallalwaysbemembersoftheCouncil;theCouncilwithlikeapprovalmayincreasethenumberofMembersoftheLeaguetobeselectedbytheAssemblyforrepresentationontheCouncil.TheCouncilshallmeetfromtimetotimeasoccasionmayrequire,andatleastonceayear,attheSeatoftheLeague,oratsuchotherplaceasmaybedecidedupon.TheCouncilmaydealatitsmeetingswithanymatterwithinthesphereofactionoftheLeagueoraffectingthepeaceoftheworld.AnyMemberoftheLeaguenotrepresentedontheCouncilshallbeinvitedtosendaRepresentativetositasamemberatanymeetingoftheCouncilduringtheconsiderationofmattersspeciallyaffectingtheinterestsofthatMemberoftheLeague.AtmeetingsoftheCouncil,eachMemberoftheLeaguerepresentedontheCouncilshallhaveonevote,andmayhavenotmorethanoneRepresentative.

                ARTICLE5.            

    ExceptwhereotherwiseexpresslyprovidedinthisCovenantorbythetermsofthepresentTreaty,decisionsatanymeetingoftheAssemblyoroftheCouncilshallrequiretheagreementofalltheMembersoftheLeaguerepresentedatthemeeting.AllmattersofprocedureatmeetingsoftheAssemblyoroftheCouncil,includingtheappointmentofCommitteestoinvestigateparticularmatters,shallberegulatedbytheAssemblyorbytheCouncilandmaybedecidedbyamajorityoftheMembersoftheLeaguerepresentedatthemeeting.ThefirstmeetingoftheAssemblyandthefirstmeetingoftheCouncilshallbesummonedbythePresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.            

ARTICLE6.            

    ThepermanentSecretariatshallbeestablishedattheSeatoftheLeague.TheSecretariatshallcompriseaSecretaryGeneralandsuchsecretariesandstaffasmayberequired.ThefirstSecretaryGeneralshallbethepersonnamedintheAnnex;thereaftertheSecretaryGeneralshallbeappointedbytheCouncilwiththeapprovalofthemajorityoftheAssembly.ThesecretariesandstaffoftheSecretariatshallbeappointedbytheSecretaryGeneralwiththeapprovaloftheCouncil.TheSecretaryGeneralshallactinthatcapacityatallmeetingsoftheAssemblyandoftheCouncil.TheexpensesoftheSecretariatshallbebornebytheMembersoftheLeagueinaccordancewiththeapportionmentoftheexpensesoftheInternationalBureauoftheUniversalPostalUnion.            

    ARTICLE7.            

    TheSeatoftheLeagueisestablishedatGeneva.TheCouncilmayatanytimedecidethattheSeatoftheLeagueshallbeestablishedelsewhere.AllpositionsunderorinconnectionwiththeLeague,includingheSecretariat,shallbeopenequallytomenandwomen.RepresentativesoftheMembersoftheLeagueandofficialsofheLeaguewhenengagedonthebusinessoftheLeagueshallenjoydiplomaticprivilegesandimmunities.ThebuildingsandotherpropertyoccupiedbytheLeagueoritsofficialsorbyRepresentativesattendingitsmeetingsshallbeinviolable.            

    ARTICLE8.            

    TheMembersoftheLeaguerecognisethatthemaintenanceofpeacerequiresthereductionofnationalarmamentstothelowestpointconsistentwithnationalsafetyandtheenforcementbycommonactionofinternationalobligations.TheCouncil,takingaccountofthegeographicalsituationandcircumstancesofeachState,shallformulateplansforsuchreductionfortheconsiderationandactionoftheseveralGovernments.Suchplansshallbesubjecttoreconsiderationandrevisionatleasteverytenyears.AftertheseplansshallhavebeenadoptedbytheseveralGovernments,thelimitsofarmamentsthereinfixedshallnotbeexceededwithouttheconcurrenceoftheCouncil.TheMembersoftheLeagueagreethatthemanufacturebyprivateenterpriseofmunitionsandimplementsofwarisopentograveobjections.TheCouncilshalladvisehowtheevileffectsattendantuponsuchmanufacturecanbeprevented,dueregardbeinghadtothenecessitiesofthoseMembersoftheLeaguewhicharenotabletomanufacturethemunitionsandimplementsofwarnecessaryfortheirsafety.TheMembersoftheLeagueundertaketointerchangefullandfrankinformationastothescaleoftheirarmaments,theirmilitary,naval,andairprogrammesandtheconditionofsuchoftheirindustriesasareadaptabletowar-likepurposes.            

ARTICLE9.            

    ApermanentCommissionshallbeconstitutedtoadvisetheCouncilontheexecutionoftheprovisionsofArticles1and8andonmilitary,naval,andairquestionsgenerally.            

ARTICLE10.            

    TheMembersoftheLeagueundertaketorespectandpreserveasagainstexternalaggressiontheterritorialintegrityandexistingpoliticalindependenceofallMembersoftheLeague.IncaseofanysuchaggressionorincaseofanythreatordangerofsuchaggressiontheCouncilshalladviseuponthemeansbywhichthisobligationshallbefulfilled.            

    ARTICLE11.            

    Anywarorthreatofwar,whetherimmediatelyaffectinganyoftheMembersoftheLeagueornot,isherebydeclaredamatterofconcerntothewholeLeague,andtheLeagueshalltakeanyactionthatmaybedeemedwiseandeffectualtosafeguardthepeaceofnations.IncaseanysuchemergencyshouldarisetheSecretaryGeneralshallontherequestofanyMemberoftheLeagueforthwithsummonameetingoftheCouncil.ItisalsodeclaredtobethefriendlyrightofeachMemberoftheLeaguetobringtotheattentionoftheAssemblyoroftheCouncilanycircumstancewhateveraffectinginternationalrelationswhichthreatenstodisturbinternationalpeaceorthegoodunderstandingbetweennationsuponwhichpeacedepends.            

    ARTICLE12.            

    TheMembersoftheLeagueagreethatifthereshouldarisebetweenthemanydisputelikelytoleadtoarupture,theywillsubmitthemattereithertoarbitrationortoinquirybytheCouncil,andtheyagreeinnocasetoresorttowaruntilthreemonthsaftertheawardbythearbitratorsorthereportbytheCouncil.InanycaseunderthisArticletheawardofthearbitratorsshallbemadewithinareasonabletime,andthereportoftheCouncilshallbemadewithinsixmonthsafterthesubmissionofthedispute.            

    ARTICLE13.            

    TheMembersoftheLeagueagreethatwheneveranydisputeshallarisebetweenthemwhichtheyrecognisetobesuitableforsubmissiontoarbitrationandwhichcannotbesatisfactorilysettledbydiplomacy,theywillsubmitthewholesubject-mattertoarbitration.Disputesastotheinterpretationofatreaty,astoanyquestionofinternationallaw,astotheexistenceofanyfactwhichifestablishedwouldconstitute