学年高考英语一轮复习专题突破第Ⅱ题阅读理解专题一事实细节类题目.docx
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学年高考英语一轮复习专题突破第Ⅱ题阅读理解专题一事实细节类题目
第Ⅱ题 阅读理解
专题一 事实细节类题目
命题特点
针对原文具体叙述本身设问,可以直接或间接找到答案,常以who,which,what,where等设问。
考查重点
(1)直接理解题(信息可在原文中直接找到答案)。
(2)语意转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换)。
方法技巧
1.查读法
(1)速读全文,掌握大意。
(2)按文章体裁、作者组材方式寻找关键信息词。
(3)找到细节,认真推敲甚至计算等。
2.按组材模式阅读(常见模式
)
(1)列举型:
抓住作者所举事例。
(2)时间、空间型:
掌握具体的时间、地点。
(3)分类、例证型:
掌握例证的事实细节,以便得到答案。
(4)程序型:
理清说明事物的顺序,从而得出答案。
(5)因果分析型:
理清因果关系,从而推出答案。
(6)比较、对比型:
通过比较,对比事实细节,找到答案。
Passage1
Pragueisnotstrangetothetourismworld.ItisthebesttouristattractionwithmanyhistorictouristspotssuchasthePragueCastlewhichwasbuiltintheearly9thcentury.InadditiontothePragueCastle,someoftheotherhistoricspotsaretheOldTownChurches,theJewishQuarterandtheEstatesTheater.SurveysindicatethatPragueisrankedthesixthmainattractioninthewholeofEurope.
Thoughtherearecountlessnumbersofplacesoftouristinterest,thereareafewspotswhicharethemostappealing.TheOldTownisonesuchspotofgreattouristinterest.TheAstronomicalClockwhichispopularlyknownasthe“PragueOrloj”isinstalledontheOldTowncityhall'ssouthwallwhichisahistoric
construction.SoifyouareheadingtoPragueforavacation,youshouldnevermissouttoseethisastronomicalclock.
TheexcitementinPraguedoesn'tstophere.Nextisanothermarvel“TheLennonWall”.TheLennonWallbecame
atouristspotaspeopleofthe80sstartedtofillitwithJohnLennon—inspiredgraffiti(涂鸦).YoucanalsofindthegraffitiofpiecesoflyricsfromBeatlessongsonthiswall.TherearemanyfunactivitiesthatyoucandoinPrague.Therearemanylocaltheatersandentertainmentfacilitieswhichareverymuchinexpensive.
Ifyouarewellawareofthedifferentplacesoftouristinterest,youcanreallyenjoyagreatweekendinPrague.Thankfullytherea
reseveralonlinetouristguidesouttherewhichcanhelpyoutomakeyourweekendinPraguemoreinterestingthaneverbefore.TherearemanysourcesoutthereonlinewhereyoucanfindalltheinformationaboutthebesttouristspotsinPrague.Onceyouhavealltheinformat
ionaboutthebesttouristattractionsinPrague,youcanplanyourweekendtripeffectively.
1.Pragueisacity________.
A.wheretherearemanyhistoricattractions
B.whichhasahistoryof1,000years
C.wheretherearemanyoldcastlesandchurches
D.whichisthesixthlargestcityinEurope
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。
布拉格是著名的旅游城市,它拥有许多引人入胜的景点。
调查显示,布拉格是欧洲第六大旅游城市。
解析:
细节理解题。
联系全文对布拉格的介绍,再结合第一段中“Itisthebesttouristattractionwithmanyhistorictouristspots”可知,布拉格是一座有许多历史景点的城市。
答案:
A
2.Accordingtothispassage,theOldTownisfamousfor________.
A.theEstatesTheater
B.theJewishQuarter
C.theLennonWall
D.the“PragueOrloj”
解析:
细节理解题。
由第二段第三句和第四句可知,theOldTown是以PragueOrloj为人们所知。
答案:
D
3.YouwouldliketotraveltotheLennonWallbecause________.
A.youwanttopayavisittoJohnLennon
B.youareeagertoenjoythegraffitionit
C.youareplanningtotakepartinfunactivities
D.theentertainmentfacilitiesthereareverycheap
解析:
细节理解题。
由第三段第三句可知,去theLennonWall是为了观赏上面的涂鸦。
答案:
B
4.InordertohaveapleasantweekendinPrague,you'dbetteraskforhelpfrom________.
A.thepolicemen
B.thelocalpeople
C.thetravelers
D.theInternet
解析:
细节理解题。
由第四段中的“Thankfullythereareseveralonlinetouristguidesoutthere...”可知,你可以通过网络了解相关的信息。
答案:
D
5.Theauthorofthepassagemainly________.
A.describestheactivitiesofthetravelers
B.liststhetouristspotsinPrague
C.suggestsanidealplacetotravelto
D.tellsusaboutPrague'slonghistory
解析:
主旨大意题。
本文主要介绍了布拉格一些著名的景点。
由此可推知,本文作者的目的是为读者提供一个旅游的理想之地。
答案:
C
Passage2
Studiesshowthatdogsandhumanbeingshavesimilarbrainactivitywhentheysleep.Researchersuseatestcalledanelectroencephalogram(脑电图)tostudysuchactivity.
Whendogsfirstgotosleep,theyenteraperiodoflightsleep.Thisiswhentheycanbeeasilyawakened.Inlightsleep,dogsliestillandtheirbreathingisnormal.
Whendogsenterdeepsleep,theyhavedifficultywakingup.Brainwaveactivitygreatlyincreases.Dogsbeginunusualbreathing.Rapideyemovementalsobegins.Duringrapideyemovement,theeyesaremovingquickly,forwardandbackward.Thendogsmaybegintomakesounds.Theirbodiesmaymakeuncontrolledmovements.Theirlegsmoveasiftheyarerunning.Itmayseemasifthedogishavingabaddream.Itisbestnottowakeasleepingdog.Likepeople,dogsneedcontinuoussleepforhealthymentalactivity.
Researcherssaydogshaveseveraldreamseachnight.Theamountoftimespentsleepingisdifferentwitheachanimal.Mostdogssleepthirteentofourteenhoursaday.
Researchersalsosaysmalldogsdreammorethanlargeones.Thenumberofdreamseachanimalhasisalsolinkedtomanythings,includingage.Youngdogsdr
eammorethanadultdogs.
Manypeoplewonderwhattheirdogsaredreamingabout.Researchersbelieveitislikelythatdogsdreaminawaysimilartohumans.Theybelievedogsdreamofthingsthatarepleasingtothem,butunreal.Theyalsosaydogsdreamofthingsthathappenineverydaylife,suchaschasingthings,playingandeating.
Ifyouarewondering,catsdream,too.
1.Whenadogisinlightsleep,itmay________.
A.notbreathenormally
B.liestill
C.makesounds
D.moveitseyesquickly
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文,介绍狗和人类一样在睡眠过程中有同样的脑部活动。
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段最后一句可知:
狗在浅度睡眠时,躺着不动,呼吸正常,故选B。
答案:
B
2.Whendogsenterdeepsleep,________.
A.theyareeasytowakeup
B.theirbreathingbecomesabnormal
C.theybegintorunwhendreaming
D.theyareasquieta
samouse
解析:
细节理解题。
第三段中提到狗在熟睡时beginunusualbreathing,B项中abnormal意为“不正常的;反常的”,正与文中意思相符。
答案:
B
3.Whichofthefollowingindicatesadogdoesn'tenterdeepsleep?
A.Theeyesaremovingrapidly.
B.Thedogliescalmlyandmakesnonoise.
C.Thedogseemslikeitishavingabaddreamandmoveshisbody.
D.Thedogisangrywhenyouwakeitup.
解析:
推理判断题。
结合第二、三段可知,狗在浅度睡眠时会静静地躺着。
答案:
B
4.What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?
A.DogsSleepatNight?
B.LightSleepandDeepSleep
C.DogsDreamasHumanBeingsDo
D.DogsNeedSleeptoBeHealthy
解析:
主旨大意题。
文章第一句就点明大意,即狗和人类在睡眠过程中有同样的脑部活动。
然后对其进行具体说明,故选C。
答案:
C
5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.Indeepsleep,dogs'breathingisnormal.
B.It'snoharmtowakeasleepingdog.
C.Dogshaveseveraldreamseachnight.
D.Youngdogsdreamnomorethanadultdogs.
解析:
细节理解题。
由第二段最后一句话排除A;由第三段最后两句话排除B;由第五段最后一句话排除D;由第四段第一句可知C正确。
答案:
C
Passage3
OperaatMusicHall:
1243ElmStreet.TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust,withadditionalperformancesinMarchandSeptember.TheOperahonorsEnjoytheArtsmembershipdiscounts.Phone:
241-2742.http:
//.
ChamberOrchestra:
TheOrchestraplaysatMemorialHallat1406ElmStreet,whichoffersseveralconcertsfromMarchthroughJune.Call723-1182formoreinformation.http:
.
SymphonyOrchestra:
AtMusicHall
andRiverbend.Forticketsales,call381-3300.RegularseasonrunsSeptemberthroughMayatMusicHallandinsummeratRiverbend.http:
//.
CollegeConservatoryofMusic(CCM):
Performancesareonthemaincampus(校园)oftheuniversity,usuallyatPatriciaCobbettTheater.CCMorganizesavarietyofevents,includingperformancesbythewell-knownLaSalleQuartet,CCM'sPhilharmonicOrchestra,
andvariousgroupsofmusicianspresentingBaroquethroughmodernmusic.StudentswithI.D.cards,canattendtheeventsforfree.Afreescheduleofeventsforeachtermisavailablebycallingtheboxofficeat556-4183.http:
//.
RiverbendMusicTheater:
6295KelloggAve.Largeoutdoortheaterwiththeclosestseatsundercover(pricedifference).Bignameshowsallsummerlong!
Phone:
232-6220.http:
//
.
1.Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoseeanopera?
A.241-2742. B.723-1182.
C.381-3300.D.232-6220.
【语篇解读】 本文是几则广告,主要介绍了五个与音乐有关的活动的举办地点、时间、联系方式等信息。
解析:
细节理解题。
只有第一段是opera的演出,根据此段最后一句中“Phone:
241-2742.http:
//.”可知,如果想看歌剧应拨打此电话。
故选A。
答案:
A
2.WhencanyougotoaconcertbyChamberOrchestra?
A.February.B.May.
C.August.D.November.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二则广告中的“...whichoffersseveralconcertsfromMarchthroughJune.”可知,五月份在演出的时间范围之内。
故选B。
答案:
B
3.WherecanstudentsgoforfreeperformanceswiththeirI.D.cards?
A.MusicHall.
B.MemorialHall.
C.PatriciaCobbettTheater.
D.RiverbendMusicTheater.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第四则广告中的“StudentswithI.D.cardscanattendtheeventsforfree.”可知,带有身份证的学生可以免费观看CCM组织的一系列的演出。
故选C。
答案:
C
4.HowisRiverbendMusicTheaterdifferentfromtheotherplaces?
A.Ithasseatsintheopenair.
B.Itgivesshowsallyearround.
C.Itoffersmembershipdiscounts.
D.Itpresentsfamousmusicalworks.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第五则广告中的“Largeoutdoortheaterwiththeclosestseatsundercover(pricedifference).”可知,只有RiverbendMusicTheater拥有在户外的座位。
故选A。
答案:
A
Passage4
Intheanimalkingdom,weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimals.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy.
Frommywheelchairexperience,Iseethebestinpeople,butsometimesIfeelsadbecausethosewhoappearindependentmissthekindnessIseedaily.Theydon'tgettoseethissoftsideofothers.Often,wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingourweakness,whichincludesalotofpretending.Butonlywhenwestoppretendingwe'rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat'sinthem.
Lastmonth,whenIwasdrivinghomeonabusyhighway,Ibegantofeelunwellanddrovemoreslowlythanusual.Peoplebehindmebegantogetimpatientandangry,withsomespeedingupalongsideme,horning(按喇叭)orevenshoutingatme.AtthemomentIdecidedtodosomethingIhadneverdoneintwenty-fouryearsofdriving.Iputonthecarflashlightsanddroveonatareallylowspeed.
Nomoreangryshoutsandnomorehorns!
WhenIput