非谓语动词语法讲解及练习.docx
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非谓语动词语法讲解及练习
非谓语动词
【非谓语动词】
构成:
(to)+动词原形
动词不定式
非在句中的作用(除谓语动词外的任何成分)
谓构成:
语动名词
动用法(主、宾、表、定)
词
构成:
V.-ing/(规则变化)
分词
用法(表、补、定、状)
(一)动名词
一、动名词的构成:
动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成
二、动名词的句法功能
功能
例句
说明
主语
Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.
吃得太多对你的健康有害。
谓语动词用单数形式。
宾语动词宾语
介词宾语
Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.我非常喜欢打篮球。
Stampsareusedforsendingletters.邮票是被用来寄信的。
表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。
表语
Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.
=Collectingstampsishishobby.
多数情况下,动名词作表语可转化成作主语。
定语
Sheisinthereadingroom.她在阅览室。
Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.我们应该改进教学方法。
只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。
置于所修饰词之前。
注意:
英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。
我们初中阶段常见的有:
finish,mind,beworth,bebusy,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem(in),spend...(in),feellike,beusedto(习惯于),giveup,keepon,consider,suggest,can'thelp。
我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。
完成实践值得忙(finish,practice,beworth,bebusy)
继续习惯别放弃(keepon,beusedto,giveup)
考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)
(二)动词不定式
1、动词不定时的构成
不定时的基本形式为:
to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。
2、动词不定式的句法功能
功能
例句
说明
主语
TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.讲英语对我们来说不容易。
作主语用的不定式,常常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。
表语
Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。
多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换作为主语。
宾语
—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay他喜欢做什么运动
—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜欢打篮球。
只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。
宾补
Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.
我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。
在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to。
定语
Haveyougotanythingtosay你有要说的吗
不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语
I'msorrytotroubleyou.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。
IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.(表目的)
不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
1.不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末
其结构为:
It+be+adj.(+for/ofsb.)+动词不定式
如:
TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.
It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.
注意:
在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
如:
It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好啦。
It'sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那样做真是太聪明啦。
2.不定式作宾语
有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:
wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。
如:
Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening你今晚想去看电影吗
②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。
如:
IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.
③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式
Whynotdo...,Whydon'tyoudo...,hadbetter(not)do...,wouldratherdo,
could/would/willyouplease(not)do...
Iwouldratherstayintheroom.我宁愿待在房间里。
3.不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
如:
Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西让他关小收音机。
tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如:
MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
注意:
还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。
这些动词有:
一感(feel)、二听(hear,listento)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)。
但变被动语态时,必须加上to。
如:
Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。
4.不定式作定语
①不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。
它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
②如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么可担心的。
5.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。
如:
Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老师正告诉学生们做什么。
Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。
例题
()1.Tom'smothertoldhim_______eatingtoomuchmeat.
A:
stoppingB:
tostopC:
stopsD:
stopped
()2.Wedon'tknow________itnext.Let'sgoandaskMr.Li.
A:
whattodoB:
todowhatC:
whethertodoD:
todowhether
()3.Howkindyouare!
Youalwaysdowhatyoucan_______me.
A:
helpB:
helpingC:
tohelpD:
helps
()4Driversshouldn'tbeallowed________afterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw.
A:
driveB:
drivingC:
todrive
()5.WaterParkisagoodplace________.
A:
tohavefunB:
havefunC:
havingfunD:
tohaveafun
()6.Taketimetorelaxbylisteningtomusic,readingabookorjustspendingsometimealone.Relaxingallowsyou_______toyourstudieswithmoreenergy.
A:
returnB:
toreturnC:
returning
()7.Nick,wouldyoumind________thoseoldjeansTheylookterrible.
A:
nottowearB:
notwearC:
wearingnotD:
notwearing
()8.—_______avolunteerisgreat.
—Ithinkso.Someofuswant_______volunteersfortheLondonOlympics.
A:
Being;beingB:
Tobe;beingC:
Being;tobeD:
Tobe;tobe
()9.—Don'tforget______yourhistoryandpoliticsbookstomorrowmorning.
—Thanks.Iwon't.
A:
bringB:
tobringC:
bringing
()10.—Whatabout_______arest
—OK.Let'sgooutandhaveawalk.
A:
totakeB:
takesC:
taking
()11.—Ilikethissetofsofasomuch,butIdon'tknow______itinmysmallhouse.
—You'resupposedtoputitinthelivingroom.
A:
wheretoputB:
whytoputC:
howtoput
()12.Whilewewererunningontheplayground,Jacksuddenlystopped______andlayontheground,soweallstopped_______whatwaswrongwithhim.
A:
torun;toseeB:
running;seeingC:
running;tosee
()13.MayIhavearestIhavealreadyfinished______thereport.
A:
writeB:
writingC:
towriteD:
written
()14.—Ifeelabithungrynow.
—Whynot_______fordinnerwithus
A:
goB:
didyougoC:
togoD:
doyougo
练习
()1.Grannyoftentellsus________waterinourdailylife.
A:
saveB:
savingC:
tosaveD:
saves
()2.Richardturnedoffthecomputerafterhehadfinished________theemail.
A:
writeB:
towriteC:
writingD:
wrote
()3.—WecanuseQQtochatwitheachotherontheInternet.
—ReallyWillyoupleaseshowme______it
A:
howtouseB:
whattouseC:
howcanIuseD:
whatcanIuse
()4.—Where'syourbrothernow,Bob
—Isawhim________inthestreetamomentagoandItoldhim_______.
A:
playing;don'tdosoB:
playing;nottodosoC:
play;todoso
()5.Asteenagers,we'reoldenough_______withhousework.Wecanhelpsetthetable,washthedishesandcleanourownrooms.
A:
tohelpB:
helpingC:
helped
()6.Nancyisreallyahard-workingstudent.Weoftenseeher_______booksintheclassroom.
A:
readB:
toreadC:
reads
()7Mrs.Smithmadeherstudents_______thecompositionsthreetimesaweek.
A:
writeB:
towriteC:
writtenD:
writing
()oftenmakeshissister,butyesterdayhewasmadebyhissister.
A:
cry;tocryB:
tocry;cryC:
cry;cryD:
tocry;tocry
()9.You'dbetter_______toomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.
A:
don'tspendB:
nottospendC:
tonotspendD:
notspend
()10.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomething_______theold.
A:
servedB:
toserveC:
serveD:
serves
()11.Whynot_______anEnglishclubtopractice_______English
A.tojoin;tospeakB.join;speakingC.join;tospeakD.tojoin;speaking
()12.Whenwecametothegate,hestopped_________megoinfirst.
A.toletB.totellC.toallowD.toask
()13.Shesawsomeboys_________soccerontheplaygroundwhenshewasonthewaytotheclassroom.
A.playedB.toplayC.playing
()14.—Howaboutgoingshoppingthisweekend,Peter
—Sorry,Iprefer_________ratherthan_________.
A.tostayathome;gooutB.togoout;stayathome
C.stayingathome;gooutD.Goingout;stayathome
()15.It'sagoodhabit_________everyday.
A.tokeepdoingexerciseB.tostayuplateC.tomakemuchnoiseD.totoomuch
()16.—It'shot.Wouldyoumindmy_________thewindow.
—__________.Doitasyoulike,please!
A.toopen;OKB.opening;CertainlynotC.closing;OfcourseD.Open;Goodidea
()17.Whodoyouthinkyou'dlike_________withyou,aboyoragirl
A.tolettogoB.lettingtogoC.toletgoD.letgo
()18.Thehousewassodirty.Theydecided_________.
A.cleanitupB.tocleanitupC.cleanupitD.cleaningup
()19.Iheardsomeone_______thedoorand.
A.open;comeinB.toopen;tocomeinC.open;comeintoD.toopen;tocomeinto
()20.Thegirlwasheard_________thepianointhenextroom.
A.playsB.toplayC.playedD.play
I.选择填空。
()1.Itisnoteasy_______maths.
A.learnsB.learnC.tolearnD.learned
()2.Itisverynice_______youto_______meaboutit.
A.for,tellB.of,sayC.to,speakD.of,tell
()3.It’stoolate.It’simpossible_______therebynine.
A.ofhimtogetB.forhimtogetC.himtogetD.forhimgetting
()4.Johnknows______acomputer.
A.howtouseB.howuseC.howusesD.howtousing
()5.Ourteachertoldus______.
A.carefulB.becarefulC.tobecarefulD.tobecarefully
()6.Heaskedme_______leavehimalonehere.
A.don’tB.nottoC.notD.doesn’t
()7.Ihavealotofthings______thisweekend.A.doB.didC.doingD.todo
()8.Thereisachair_______.A.tositB.sittingonC.tositonD.sitin
()9.Thequestioniseasy_______.
A.answeringB.answerC.toanswerD.answered
()10.Mybrotherisnotstrongenough_______thebigtree.
A.carriesB.carriedC.tocarryD.going
()11.Heistooyoung______toschool.
A.togoB.nottogoC.tosayingD.didn’tsay
()12.Wemadeafire______warmourselvesup.
A.inorderB.toC.soasD.sothat
()13.Mywishis______adoctor.A.beB.tobeC.beingD.been
()14.Comeon!
Please_______run!
A.getreadyforB.gotreadyforC.getreadytoD.gotreadyto
()15.Ourteacherletus______thecompositioneveryotherline.
A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.written
()16.Youhadbetter______heretohelpus.
A.stayB.stayingC.tostayD.stayed
()17.Ihavefinished______thenovel.
A.readB.toreadC.readingD.beingread
()18.______onthemoonisnoteasy.
A.WalkB.WalkedC.DoingwalkingD.Walking
()19.Pleaseremember______yourbooknextweek.
A.tobringB.bringingC.broughtD.bring
()20.Iremember______yousomewherebefore.
A.toseeB.seeingC.seenD.saw
()21.Thefilmisworth_______