外研版选择性必修二 Unit5Starting out Understanding ideas.docx
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外研版选择性必修二Unit5StartingoutUnderstandingideas
DietshavechangedinChina—andsohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountryhasgrownmorecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverthepast25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent1.
Atasteformeatisactuallybehindthechange:
Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn’srise:
Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofricetoimprovewaterquality.Cornuseslesswaterthanriceandcreateslessfertilizerrunoff.Thisswitchhasdecreasedpollutioninthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.
AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotalglobalfertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogramthatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers2—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemissionof51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhilefeedingitscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.
靓句运用于写作
1.LiJiangandSuHuaarediscussingwhattowearwhenreceivingtheBritishstudentsnextmonth.LirecommendsthetraditionalChinesedresswhileSupreferstheschooluniform.(2019·江苏,书面表达)
2.WhileithasbeenmorethanayearsinceyoutaughtusEnglish,I’vemissedyoualot,thinkingaboutthosehappymomentswhenwestayedwithyou.(2017·天津,书面表达)
PeriodOne Startingout&Understandingideas—Comprehending
品句猜词
请预读下列课文原句,并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思。
1.Norwouldtheyfailtoimaginehowitsnativeinhabitants,includingroyalpenguins,kingpenguins,andelephantseals,existedinperfectharmonywiththeirnaturalhabitatforthousandsofyears.栖居的动物栖息地
2.Catswerebroughttotheislandtocontroltheratsandmice.Unfortunately,thecatssubsequentlydevelopedanappetiteforthebirds,too.后来,随后胃口
3.Withthedepartureofthecatsfromtheisland,themouseandratpopulationstartedtoincrease.
离开
4.Itturnedoutthattheydevelopedanimmunitytothevirus,andtheirnumbersexplodedonceagain.免疫力突然增加
5.Then,in2006,therabbits’diggingcausedsomelandtocollapse,andkilledasubstantialnumberofpenguins.倒塌大量的
1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?
A.MacquarieIslandwassavedfromdestruction.
B.AllkindsofcreaturesliveinharmonyinMacquarieIsland.
C.HowdidmankinddestroyMacquarieIsland?
D.MacquarieIsland’suniquescenery.
答案 A
2.Readthepassageandmatchthemainideaofeachparagraph.
Para.1 A.MytasktoMacquarieIsland
Para.2B.Therat,mouseandrabbitproblemneededsolvingonceandforall
Para.3C.Aplantoremovealltherabbits
Para.4D.Thedamagebroughtbyrabbits
Para.5E.Atragicstoryhappenedin1810
Para.6F.MacquarieIsland’sbeautifulsight
答案 Para.1 F Para.2 E Para.3 DPara.4 C Para.5 B Para.6 A
Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.
1.WhydidIcometoMacquarieIsland?
A.Toenjoythebeautyoftheisland.
B.Toinvestigatethedamagetotheisland.
C.Tospendmyholidaywithfriends.
D.Tosolvetheproblemofenvironmentaldamage.
答案 D
2.WhathappenedtoMacquarieIslandin1810?
A.Theislandwasoccupiedbyhumans.
B.Theislandwasdestroyedbyhumans.
C.Humansarrivedontheislandwithratsandmice.
D.Plantingbeganontheisland.
答案 C
3.Whatwererabbitsgoodataccordingtothepassage?
A.Theymultipliedrapidly.
B.Theybegantoeatthenativevegetation.
C.Theydugholes.
D.Alloftheabove.
答案 D
4.Whichofthefollowingissimilarinmeaningto“inconsequence”inPara.4?
A.Infact.B.Asaresult.
C.Inturn.D.Atease.
答案 B
5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.Releasingvirusdidn’tsolvetherabbitproblemontheisland.
B.ThedogsIbroughttotheislandwouldcausemoreseriousdamagetotheisland.
C.Parakeetsaretheonlycreaturesdyingoutontheisland.
D.TheislandisnolongeraUNESCOWorldHeritageSitebecauseithasbeendamaged.
答案 A
Afterreadingthepassage,pleasefillinthefollowingblanks.
MacquarieIslandtakesonalong,thinshape,1.whichisbecauseofstrongwindsand2.stormy(storm)seas.ItisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Itsnativeinhabitantsexistedinperfectharmonywiththeirnaturalhabitatforthousandsofyears.In1810,humansarrivedontheislandwithratsandmiceunknowingly.Theseanimalsquicklytookovertheisland,3.bringing(bring)disasterstobirds.Unfortunatelycats4.intended(intend)tocontrolratsandmicedevelopedanappetiteforbirds,too.Later,rabbits5.wereintroduced(introduce)buttheyledtogreaterdamagetotheisland.Expertscameupwithaplantoreleaseavirus6.tokill(kill)therabbits,butafterwards,theydevelopedanimmunity7.tothevirus,andtheir8.numbers(number)explodedonceagain.Thisincidentmade9.itclearthattherat,mouseandrabbitproblemneededsolvingonceandforall.Iamheretotacklethisproblem.Ibroughttraineddogstoremovethelast10.remaining(remain)invadingspecies.Ihopewehumansoweittotheislandtogiveitahappyending.
1.Thegreengrassandbarerockofitslandscapecontrastdramatically,givingitawildandnaturalbeauty.
[句式分析] 该句为简单句。
现在分词短语givingita...beauty在句中作结果状语。
[自主翻译] 青草和裸露的岩石形成了鲜明的对比,赋予它一种野性和自然的美。
2.It’satragicstorythatbeganin1810whenhumansarrivedontheisland.
[句式分析] 该句为复合句。
句中含有两个定语从句,一个是that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词story;另一个是由when引导的定语从句,修饰先行词1810。
[自主翻译] 这是一个悲剧,始于1810年人类来到岛上。
3.Looseontheisland,theydidwhatrabbitsdobest—theymultipliedrapidlyandbeganeatingthenativevegetationanddiggingholes,whichcausedsoilerosion.
[句式分析] 此句是复合句,what引导宾语从句,在句中作did的宾语,破折号后的内容是对what从句的解释,其中which引导定语从句。
[自主翻译] 在岛上散居时,它们做了最擅长做的事——它们迅速繁殖,开始吃当地的植被和挖洞,造成土壤侵蚀。
4.Thisincidentmadeitclearthattherat,mouseandrabbitproblemneededsolvingonceandforall.
[句式分析] 句中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的that从句。
固定短语onceandforall意为“一劳永逸”。
[自主翻译] 这一事件表明,大鼠、老鼠、兔子问题需要一劳永逸地解决。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Peopleneedtoseekoutnewfoodsbecausetheworldhassomanymouthstofeed.Asof2017,thereweremorethansevenbillionpeopleontheEarth,accordingtotheUnitedNations.Andby2100thatnumbermaydouble.Feedingallofthesepeoplemeansnotonlyimprovingthewayfoodsaregrown,butalsofindingnewsourcesofnutrition(营养).
Andthatquestisbecomingevenmoreurgent.Ifnothingchanges,within35years,theworld’s
willbegreaterthantheamountoffoodsproduced.That’saccordingtoareportpublishedlastyear.ItwaspreparedbytheGlobalHarvestInitiative,aprivateagriculturegroupbasedinWashington,D.C.
Globalwarming,too,ischangingfoodproduction.Scientistspredictthatrisingtemperatureswillreducethegrowthofimportantcropslikewheat,cornandsoybeans.Low-incomedevelopingcountrieswillbehithardest.Whenharvestsfall,cropsbecomemoreexpensive.Andsincethosefoodsarealsousedtofeedanimalslikecowsandpigs,meatpriceswillrisetoo.
Allovertheworld,researchersareracingagainsttheclocktofigureouthowbesttofeedmorepeopleinafast-changingworld.Andsomesurprisingideashavebeguntocomeup.Twoyearsago,scientistsintroducedthefirstburgermadefrommeatgrowninalab.Theprojectcostmorethan$300,000,butit’sastart.Otherresearchersaredevelopingseedsthatcansurvivehightemperaturesanddrought.Stillothersarefindingwaystoimprovethegenesofmeatanimalssotheycanproducemoremeatandcanstandtheheat.Agloomy(悲观的)forecastfortheplanetisn’ttheonlyreasontostudyfoodsforthefuture.It’sacreativequestthatwillinspirepeoplewhocanthinkinnewwaysaboutexistingplantsandanimals.Theseresearchershaveusedtheirtalentsinwaysthateventheywouldneverhavepredicted.
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了在全球变暖的环境下,人们应如何应对日益膨胀的人口的温饱问题。
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thatquest”inParagraph2referto?
A.Theresearchonfoods.
B.Theincreaseofpopulation.
C.Thevarietyofnutrition.
D.Thechangeofappetite.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。
根据第一段最后一句及下文中对食物的研究可知,画线词指对食物的研究。
2.Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectlow-incomedevelopingcountries?
A.Byincreasingtheproductionofcrops.
B.Byimprovingsourcesofnutrition.
C.Byreducingthegrowthofcrops.
D.Byleadingtothehighcostoflife.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。
根据第三段的内容可知,气温上升将引起农作物的减产,从而导致农作物价格上涨,进而肉类价格上涨,最终会导致人们生活成本增加。
故选D。
3.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph4?
A.Newwaysoffarming.
B.Somegreatresearchers.
C.Progressinfoodresearch.
D.Achievementsinlabexperiments.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。
根据第四段的内容,尤其是第二句“Andsomesurprisingideashavebeguntocomeup.”可推知,本段主要讲述了食物研究方面的进步。
4.Whatwillbediscussedinthefollowingparagraph?
A.Examplesofsuccessfulfoodresearchers.
B.Differentopinionsaboutthefuturefoods.
C.Methodsofdealingwithglobalwarming.
D.Possibilitiesoffeedingthepresentpopulation.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
根据最后一段最后一句“Theseresearchershaveusedtheirtalentsinwaysthateventheywouldneverhavepredicted.”可推知,下文会举一些成功的食物研究者的例子。
B
DrivethroughanysuburbintheU.S.today,andit’shardtomissthebinsthathavebecomecompanionstoAmerica’strashcans.Recyclinghasbecomecommonplace,aspeoplerecognizetheneedtocarefortheenvironment.Yetmostpeople’srecyclingconsciousnessextendsonlyasfaraspaper,bottles,andcans.Peopleseldomfindthemselvesfacingthegrowingproblemofe-waste.
E-wasterapidlyincreasesasthetechno-fashionablefrequentlyupgradetothemostadvanceddevices,andthemajorityofthemendupinlandfills(垃圾填埋地).Somepeoplewhotracksuchwastesaythatusersthrowawaynearly2milliontonsofTVs,VCRs,computers,cellphones,andotherelectronicseveryyear.Unlesswecanfindasafereplacement,thise-wastemaygetintothegroundandpoisonthew