外研版选择性必修二 Unit5Starting out Understanding ideas.docx

外研版选择性必修二 Unit5Starting out Understanding ideas.docx

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外研版选择性必修二Unit5StartingoutUnderstandingideas

DietshavechangedinChina—andsohasitstopcrop.Since2011，thecountryhasgrownmorecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverthepast25years，whilericehasincreasedonly7percent1.

Atasteformeatisactuallybehindthechange：

Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens，pigs，andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn’srise：

Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofricetoimprovewaterquality.Cornuseslesswaterthanriceandcreateslessfertilizerrunoff.Thisswitchhasdecreasedpollutioninthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.

AccordingtotheWorldBank，Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotalglobalfertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogramthatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers2—and2011，fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemissionof51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhilefeedingitscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide，”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.

靓句运用于写作

1．LiJiangandSuHuaarediscussingwhattowearwhenreceivingtheBritishstudentsnextmonth.LirecommendsthetraditionalChinesedresswhileSupreferstheschooluniform.（2019·江苏，书面表达）

2．WhileithasbeenmorethanayearsinceyoutaughtusEnglish，I’vemissedyoualot，thinkingaboutthosehappymomentswhenwestayedwithyou.（2017·天津，书面表达）

PeriodOne　Startingout&Understandingideas—Comprehending

品句猜词

请预读下列课文原句，并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思。

1．Norwouldtheyfailtoimaginehowitsnativeinhabitants，includingroyalpenguins，kingpenguins，andelephantseals，existedinperfectharmonywiththeirnaturalhabitatforthousandsofyears.栖居的动物栖息地

2．Catswerebroughttotheislandtocontroltheratsandmice.Unfortunately，thecatssubsequentlydevelopedanappetiteforthebirds，too.后来，随后胃口

3．Withthedepartureofthecatsfromtheisland，themouseandratpopulationstartedtoincrease.

离开

4．Itturnedoutthattheydevelopedanimmunitytothevirus，andtheirnumbersexplodedonceagain.免疫力突然增加

5．Then，in2006，therabbits’diggingcausedsomelandtocollapse，andkilledasubstantialnumberofpenguins.倒塌大量的

1．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

A．MacquarieIslandwassavedfromdestruction.

B．AllkindsofcreaturesliveinharmonyinMacquarieIsland.

C．HowdidmankinddestroyMacquarieIsland?

D．MacquarieIsland’suniquescenery.

答案　A

2．Readthepassageandmatchthemainideaofeachparagraph.

Para.1　A．MytasktoMacquarieIsland

Para.2B．Therat，mouseandrabbitproblemneededsolvingonceandforall

Para.3C．Aplantoremovealltherabbits

Para.4D．Thedamagebroughtbyrabbits

Para.5E．Atragicstoryhappenedin1810

Para.6F．MacquarieIsland’sbeautifulsight

答案　Para.1　F　Para.2　E　Para.3　DPara.4　C　Para.5　B　Para.6　A

Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.

1．WhydidIcometoMacquarieIsland?

A．Toenjoythebeautyoftheisland.

B．Toinvestigatethedamagetotheisland.

C．Tospendmyholidaywithfriends.

D．Tosolvetheproblemofenvironmentaldamage.

答案　D

2．WhathappenedtoMacquarieIslandin1810?

A．Theislandwasoccupiedbyhumans.

B．Theislandwasdestroyedbyhumans.

C．Humansarrivedontheislandwithratsandmice.

D．Plantingbeganontheisland.

答案　C

3．Whatwererabbitsgoodataccordingtothepassage?

A．Theymultipliedrapidly.

B．Theybegantoeatthenativevegetation.

C．Theydugholes.

D．Alloftheabove.

答案　D

4．Whichofthefollowingissimilarinmeaningto“inconsequence”inPara.4?

A．Infact.B．Asaresult.

C．Inturn.D．Atease.

答案　B

5．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A．Releasingvirusdidn’tsolvetherabbitproblemontheisland.

B．ThedogsIbroughttotheislandwouldcausemoreseriousdamagetotheisland.

C．Parakeetsaretheonlycreaturesdyingoutontheisland.

D．TheislandisnolongeraUNESCOWorldHeritageSitebecauseithasbeendamaged.

答案　A

Afterreadingthepassage，pleasefillinthefollowingblanks.

MacquarieIslandtakesonalong，thinshape,1.whichisbecauseofstrongwindsand2.stormy（storm）seas.ItisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Itsnativeinhabitantsexistedinperfectharmonywiththeirnaturalhabitatforthousandsofyears.In1810，humansarrivedontheislandwithratsandmiceunknowingly.Theseanimalsquicklytookovertheisland,3.bringing（bring）disasterstobirds.Unfortunatelycats4.intended（intend）tocontrolratsandmicedevelopedanappetiteforbirds，too.Later，rabbits5.wereintroduced（introduce）buttheyledtogreaterdamagetotheisland.Expertscameupwithaplantoreleaseavirus6.tokill（kill）therabbits，butafterwards，theydevelopedanimmunity7.tothevirus，andtheir8.numbers（number）explodedonceagain.Thisincidentmade9.itclearthattherat，mouseandrabbitproblemneededsolvingonceandforall.Iamheretotacklethisproblem.Ibroughttraineddogstoremovethelast10.remaining（remain）invadingspecies.Ihopewehumansoweittotheislandtogiveitahappyending.

1．Thegreengrassandbarerockofitslandscapecontrastdramatically，givingitawildandnaturalbeauty.

[句式分析]　该句为简单句。

现在分词短语givingita．..beauty在句中作结果状语。

[自主翻译]　青草和裸露的岩石形成了鲜明的对比，赋予它一种野性和自然的美。

2．It’satragicstorythatbeganin1810whenhumansarrivedontheisland.

[句式分析]　该句为复合句。

句中含有两个定语从句，一个是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词story；另一个是由when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词1810。

[自主翻译]　这是一个悲剧，始于1810年人类来到岛上。

3．Looseontheisland，theydidwhatrabbitsdobest—theymultipliedrapidlyandbeganeatingthenativevegetationanddiggingholes，whichcausedsoilerosion.

[句式分析]　此句是复合句，what引导宾语从句，在句中作did的宾语，破折号后的内容是对what从句的解释，其中which引导定语从句。

[自主翻译]　在岛上散居时，它们做了最擅长做的事——它们迅速繁殖，开始吃当地的植被和挖洞，造成土壤侵蚀。

4．Thisincidentmadeitclearthattherat，mouseandrabbitproblemneededsolvingonceandforall.

[句式分析]　句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。

固定短语onceandforall意为“一劳永逸”。

[自主翻译]　这一事件表明，大鼠、老鼠、兔子问题需要一劳永逸地解决。

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Peopleneedtoseekoutnewfoodsbecausetheworldhassomanymouthstofeed.Asof2017，thereweremorethansevenbillionpeopleontheEarth，accordingtotheUnitedNations.Andby2100thatnumbermaydouble.Feedingallofthesepeoplemeansnotonlyimprovingthewayfoodsaregrown，butalsofindingnewsourcesofnutrition（营养）．

Andthatquestisbecomingevenmoreurgent.Ifnothingchanges，within35years，theworld’s

willbegreaterthantheamountoffoodsproduced.That’saccordingtoareportpublishedlastyear.ItwaspreparedbytheGlobalHarvestInitiative，aprivateagriculturegroupbasedinWashington，D.C.

Globalwarming，too，ischangingfoodproduction.Scientistspredictthatrisingtemperatureswillreducethegrowthofimportantcropslikewheat，cornandsoybeans.Low-incomedevelopingcountrieswillbehithardest.Whenharvestsfall，cropsbecomemoreexpensive.Andsincethosefoodsarealsousedtofeedanimalslikecowsandpigs，meatpriceswillrisetoo.

Allovertheworld，researchersareracingagainsttheclocktofigureouthowbesttofeedmorepeopleinafast-changingworld.Andsomesurprisingideashavebeguntocomeup.Twoyearsago，scientistsintroducedthefirstburgermadefrommeatgrowninalab.Theprojectcostmorethan$300,000，butit’sastart.Otherresearchersaredevelopingseedsthatcansurvivehightemperaturesanddrought.Stillothersarefindingwaystoimprovethegenesofmeatanimalssotheycanproducemoremeatandcanstandtheheat.Agloomy（悲观的）forecastfortheplanetisn’ttheonlyreasontostudyfoodsforthefuture.It’sacreativequestthatwillinspirepeoplewhocanthinkinnewwaysaboutexistingplantsandanimals.Theseresearchershaveusedtheirtalentsinwaysthateventheywouldneverhavepredicted.

语篇解读　本文主要讲述了在全球变暖的环境下，人们应如何应对日益膨胀的人口的温饱问题。

1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thatquest”inParagraph2referto?

A．Theresearchonfoods.

B．Theincreaseofpopulation.

C．Thevarietyofnutrition.

D．Thechangeofappetite.

答案　A

解析　词义猜测题。

根据第一段最后一句及下文中对食物的研究可知，画线词指对食物的研究。

2．Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectlow-incomedevelopingcountries?

A．Byincreasingtheproductionofcrops.

B．Byimprovingsourcesofnutrition.

C．Byreducingthegrowthofcrops.

D．Byleadingtothehighcostoflife.

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。

根据第三段的内容可知，气温上升将引起农作物的减产，从而导致农作物价格上涨，进而肉类价格上涨，最终会导致人们生活成本增加。

故选D。

3．WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph4?

A．Newwaysoffarming.

B．Somegreatresearchers.

C．Progressinfoodresearch.

D．Achievementsinlabexperiments.

答案　C

解析　段落大意题。

根据第四段的内容，尤其是第二句“Andsomesurprisingideashavebeguntocomeup.”可推知，本段主要讲述了食物研究方面的进步。

4．Whatwillbediscussedinthefollowingparagraph?

A．Examplesofsuccessfulfoodresearchers.

B．Differentopinionsaboutthefuturefoods.

C．Methodsofdealingwithglobalwarming.

D．Possibilitiesoffeedingthepresentpopulation.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。

根据最后一段最后一句“Theseresearchershaveusedtheirtalentsinwaysthateventheywouldneverhavepredicted.”可推知，下文会举一些成功的食物研究者的例子。

B

DrivethroughanysuburbintheU．S.today，andit’shardtomissthebinsthathavebecomecompanionstoAmerica’strashcans.Recyclinghasbecomecommonplace，aspeoplerecognizetheneedtocarefortheenvironment.Yetmostpeople’srecyclingconsciousnessextendsonlyasfaraspaper，bottles，andcans.Peopleseldomfindthemselvesfacingthegrowingproblemofe-waste.

E-wasterapidlyincreasesasthetechno-fashionablefrequentlyupgradetothemostadvanceddevices，andthemajorityofthemendupinlandfills（垃圾填埋地）．Somepeoplewhotracksuchwastesaythatusersthrowawaynearly2milliontonsofTVs，VCRs，computers，cellphones，andotherelectronicseveryyear.Unlesswecanfindasafereplacement，thise-wastemaygetintothegroundandpoisonthew