樱桃红色素的提取及性质研究Extraction and characterization of cherry red pigment.docx

樱桃红色素的提取及性质研究Extraction and characterization of cherry red pigment.docx

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樱桃红色素的提取及性质研究Extractionandcharacterizationofcherryredpigment

樱桃红色素的提取及性质研究（Extractionandcharacterizationofcherryredpigment）

Buttheinfluenceofthemainproblemsistheapplicationofsupercriticalextractionequipmentinvestmentcostishigh,butduetothelowpolarityofCO2makesthismethodofpolarsubstances（suchassepu）separationisnotideal.

（four）ultrasonicextraction

CurrentlythismethodinextractionofChineseherbalmedicineinchemicalcompositioniswidelyused,itiswithcavitation,crushing,stirringandotherspecialeffectsbyultrasonic,destructionofplantcells,thesolventpenetrationintotheplantcells,sothatinplants,dissolvedinthesolvent,throughseparationandpurification,chemicaltheingredientsneeded.Comparedwiththeconventionalextractionmethod,ultrasonicextractionhastheadvantagesofsimpleexperimentalequipment,easyoperation,shortextractiontime,highyieldandnoheating.

Stabilizationtechnologyofnaturalpigment

1.3.3.1addstabilizer

Stabilizersmainlyslowdownthefadingspeedofpigmentsintheprocessofprocessingandstorage.Forexample,semiskinacidcanimprovethethermalandlightresistanceofXiantaoredpigment,andthecombinationofanthocyaninswithspecificphenoliccompoundscanobviouslyimprovethephotostabilityofanthocyanins.

1.3.3.2addedantioxidants

Themainantioxidantsstudiedareflavonoids,tannins,polyphenolsandVc,VEandothernaturalantioxidants.Forexample,carotenoidswithVcandVEcangreatlyimprovethestabilityoflight;ascorbicacidandteapolyphenolscanincreasethestabilityofamaranthredpigmenttolight,pHandtemperature[19].Japan'sSYCChemicalCorporationdevelopedthe"threegrainofwheat"antioxidantagainstcarotenoids,

Anthocyanin,quinonepigmentshavesignificantstabilizationof[17]

1.3.3.3joinsmetalionchelatingagent

Itismainlyusedtochelatemetalionsandeliminatetheinfluenceofmetalionsonpigments.Forexample,EDTA-Na2canchelategardeniayellowpigmentintracemetalions,toeliminatetheoxidationofpigment;twelvesodiumdodecylsulfatehasobviouseffectonthecolorprotectionofblackcurrantpigment.

Modificationof1.3.3.4naturalpigment

Byreformingthestructureofnaturalpigments,wecanobtainnewhues,improvethestability,solubilityandcolouringpowerofpigments,andhavegreaterapplicationvalue.Suchaschlorophylltreatedmadeofcopperchlorophyllandchlorophyllzincstabilityisgreatlyimproved;chemicalmodificationofrutinbyYangYun,improvesthestabilityofrutinandtintingstrength;IdakaEchiinviewofanthocyaninsbyacid,alkali,temperatureinfluenceisserious,theuseoforganicacidphthalatewas"acylatedanthocyanins,stabilitythanthecorrespondingcolorwasmuchhigher.

Microencapsulationof1.3.3.5naturalpigment

Atpresent,microencapsulationtechnologyhasbeenwidelyappliedtofoodindustryincludingpigments,powderflavors,sweeteners,solidbeverages,aminoacids,vitaminsandinorganicsalts.Microencapsulationtechnologyappliedtonaturalpigmentscangreatlyimprovethestabilityofnaturalpigments,soastoavoidtheinfluenceoflight,oxygen,temperature,pHandotherfactors.Atpresent,peoplehavebeguntotrytoapplymicroencapsulationtechnologytotheproductionofbetacaroteneandMonascuspigments.However,becausethecostofnaturalpigmentishigherthanthatofsyntheticpigment,microencapsulationwillmakeitfurtherimproved,whichlimitstheapplicationofmicrocapsuletechnologyintheproductionofnaturalpigmenttosomeextent.

Developmentandapplicationofanthocyaninpigment1.4

Itbelongstotheflavonoidfamilyandisoneofthemostwidelydistributedwatersolubleplantpigmentsintheplantkingdom.Itisfoundinvacuolesinplantcellsandhasvariouscolors,suchasblue,purple,red,redandorange,andmostoftheflowersandfruitscontainthissubstance.ThewordanthocyaninistakenfromGreekAnthos（flowers）andKyanos（blue）.Thiskindofmaterialformanyyearsattractedtheattentionofthepeople,twofamousresearcherSirRobinsonRobert（1886-1975）andRichardWillstatter（1872-1942）,andwontheNobelprizeinchemistrybecauseofthecontributionofplantpigment.

Becauseofthediversityofthisstructure,morethan250differentspecieshavebeenisolatedandidentifiedfromtheplantkingdom.Notinplants

Itcontainsonlyavarietyofcolors,anditscontentvarieswithvarietyandmaturity.Thetotalflowercolorineach100gfreshplanttissue

ThecAMPcontentrangesfrom20mgtoashighas600mg.

Thecolorandstabilityof1.4.2pigment

Thestabilityofpigmentisrelativelylow,andthestabilityofFishighestinacidcondition.Thechromaticityandstabilityofthepigmentareaffectedbysugar

Thestronginfluenceofsubstituentsonligands.Itisnotonlydegradedbytheextractionofplanttissues,butalsoduringprocessingandstorage

Thesamethinghappened.

Bytakingtheproperadditionof1_andtheselectionofthebestcolour,onecanmakeuseoftheknowledgeofGeneralChemistry

Canreducethedegradationofpigment.ThemainfactorsthataffectthedegradationofanthocyaninsarepH.,temperatureandoxygenconcentration.Somesecondaryfactorsareusually

Thepresenceofdegradingenzymes,ascorbicacid,sulfuroxides,metals,ions,andsugars.Inaddition,theformationofpigmentsmayalsoaffectflowercolor

Degradationrateofcelecoxib.

Isolationandidentificationmethodsof.4.3genericmaterials

Isolationandpurificationof1.4.3.1anthocyanins（zap

Thewatersolubilityoftheflowercolormakesitrelativelyeasytoextractfromplanttissues.Manyoftheseproductscontainsugarandareusuallygerman,

Butotherpartsofsugarmaybelinkedtoavarietyofcool.With1%orlessHClofmethanolorethanol,thealreadygroundpowder

Theextractionofbrokentissueisthebest.Ifthepresenceofanthocyaninsispresent,alowerconcentrationofHCImustbeused

}0.01%-y0.05%）topreventitshydrolysis.

Thecrudeextractoftheflowerhasalotofimpurities,soitisdifficulttoidentifyit.Onlythecomponentsareseparatedandpurifiedintosingleflowers

Onlyafteridentificationcanthechemicalstructurebedetermined.Theseparationandpurificationmethodsaremainlychromatography,includingpaperchromatography（PC）

Thinlayerchromatography（TLC）,columnchromatography（CC）andhighperformanceliquidchromatography（HPLC）wereused.

Paperchromatographyisamoretraditionalmethodfortheseparationofnaturalpigments.Ithastheadvantagesoffastandsimpleequipment.Forthefancy

No.3orWhatmanNo.3chromatographyisoftenusedforseparation,andaqueoussolutionisusedasanunfoldingagent,suchasacidifiedn-butanolsolution.exhibition

Afteropening,cutthestain,withacidifiedalcoholwashing,concentration,youcangetthesample.Theseparationofthepaperchromatographyrequiredformilligramgradepigmentsamples

Qualitatively,itisstillinwidespreaduse.Theprincipleofthinlayerchromatographyisthesameasthatofpaperchromatography,andthesameunfoldingagentaspaperchromatographycanbeused.

Columnchromatographyhasalsobeenusedintheseparationandpurificationofanthocyaninpigments.Thefillersincludeionexchangeresins,adsorptionresinsandgels.through

RepeatedexperimentshaveprovedthatAmberliteCG-50ionexchangeresinandAmberlite,XAD-2orXAD-7adsorptionresinarerelativelymore

Therightchoice,becausetheyareintheeffectiveremovalofimpuritiesandcanpreservetheoriginalcompositionofanthocyanin.many

Modernhighperformanceliquidchromatography（HPLC）hasalsobeenusedintheanalysisofanthocyanins.Ithastheadvantagesofshortanalysistime,highresolution,nothermaldecomposition,smallsamplesizeandsoon.ThewatersolubilityofthedyesmakesthisclassofcompoundsidealfortheuseofreverseC-I8columnseparation.Solvent

Amixtureofwater,aceticacid,formicacid,orphosphoricacid,methanol,orethylchloride.Sometimesitisdifficulttoseparatebymeansofanchromatography,

Acombinationoftheabovetwoormoremethodsisusuallyused,andbetterresultscanbeobtainedbyusingthetwoormoremethodsmentionedabove.

Theidentificationofanthocyanin1.4.3.2

（1）chromatography

Therearemanymethodsfortheidentificationofanthocyanins.Asearlyasthepaperchromatography,alotofexperimentaldatahavebeenaccumulated.Atthetimeofappraisal,

Evenwithoutstandardproducts,theRevaluescanberoughlyestimatedbycomparingtheRevaluesofthesamesampleindifferentformulations

Thevarietyoftheproductcontained.Inaddition,TLCcanalsobeusedtoidentify}zs}

（2）spectralanalysis

Spectralanalysisincludesultravioletvisiblespectrometry（UV-VIS,Spectrum）andinfraredabsorptionspectroscopy.Thetwomethodswereearlyon

Itbegantobeappliedin50slastcenturyandhasaccumulatedagreatdealofdata.Ultravioletvisiblespectrometryisappliedtoafewmore,thiskind

Themethodincludesseveralkeypoints:

themaximumabsorptionwavelength（iknax-Vin）inthevisibleregionandthemaximumabsorptionofA1CL3inthevisibleregion

Theinfluenceofwavelength;theeffectofaddition（NaOMe）onthemaximumabsorptionwavelength（Mnax-Vin）ofvisiblelight;.440nm

AbsorbancevalueandMnax-Vi.Theabsorbancevalueratio（A44onm}Amax-vin）,theanthocyaninin300nm-330nmhasnoabsorption

Whetherthecoloroftheflowerhasfluorescenceunderultravioletlight;whetheritisfadingornotafterpassingintothesulfurdioxide.Theinfraredspectrumofanthocyaninsmainlyconsistsofbenzene

Ring,oxygenheterocyclicring,sugarandlightbasemethoxyfourparts.Makeinfraredspectrumofsa