祈使句.docx
《祈使句.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《祈使句.docx(8页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![祈使句.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2023-2/9/723b415f-fcca-4799-8778-dc0fd515800e/723b415f-fcca-4799-8778-dc0fd515800e1.gif)
祈使句
句型[(呼语),(Don't)动词原形+(宾语)+其他]
1.Study,studyandoncemorestudy.2.Workingmenofallcountries,unite!
3.LearnfromcomradeLeiFeng.4.Don'tforgetit.5.Comehere.
6.Stopcryingandwipeawayyourtears.
句型[(Don't)Be+表语+(其他)]
1.Beredandexpert.2.Bebrave,don'tbeafraid.3.Don'tbeshy!
4.Becareful,whencrossthestreet.5.Beanhonestperson,speakandacthonestly.
3.Don'tbeafraid,speakout.
句型[Get+过去分词/副词虚助词+(其他)]
1.Getorganized!
2.Getdonewithit.3.Getaway!
4.Getalongwithyou.
5.Getoutofhere.6.Getback.
[附注]祈使句一般不用主语,如系多数人而须指示任务时可以有主语,这个主语相当于呼语。
如:
1.Youtalk;wehaveheardenoughfromtheothers.
2.Everybodyshuttheireyes.
3.Yousweepthefloor,XiaoWang;youcleanthedesks,XiaoLi,andothersfetchwater.
其次,大人对孩子说话,或含有急躁、厌烦等情绪,也可加主语you
1.Nowyoulistentome.2.Youmustnottalksoloud!
3.Nowyougetabitofpaperandwritedown.4.Yourmindyourownbusiness!
第三,当句中的副词虚助词在句首时,须用主语,如:
Inyougo!
(=Goin,please
强语势祈使句
句型62[(肯定句)Do+动词原形+(其他)]/[(否定句)Never+动词原形+(其他)]
1.Dotellme!
2.Dobecareful!
3.Docome!
4.Dostaywithus!
5.Nevertellalie.
6.Neverstandrightinthemiddleofyourwork.
7.Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.
句型[No/Noneof+名词!
]
1.Nofalsehood!
Ourstrengthliesinstatingthetruth.
2.TheKingsaid:
"hehasstudiedtoomuch,Nobooksandnoteachersanymore!
...
3.Noneofyourlittlegames!
4.Noneofyournonsense!
5.Noneofyourimpudence
[注1]no是泛指,none所指有一定的范围
[注2]旧时有用forGod'ssake或forgoodness'sake等来加强语气的。
ForGod'ssakedon'tfirethatgun!
委婉祈使句
句型[Please+动词原形+(其他)]
1.Pleasepassmethedictionary.2.Lendmeyourknife,please.
3.Don'tstandpleaseonceremony.4.Movealong,please.5.Pleasehelpyourself!
[注]文学作品中please可用pray替代,如:
1.Praygohome.2.Pray,goonwithyournextstory.
句型[Willyou/Won'tyou/Wouldyou+动词原形+(其他)]
1.Willyoucomehere?
(=Pleasecomehere.)2.Willyoudothebeds,whileIdothewindows?
3.Helpmewiththisluggage,willyou?
4.Won'tyoustayalittlelonger?
5.Won'tyouhavesomemore?
6."Wouldyoudomeafavor?
"-"Why,ofcourse."
7.Wouldyoulikeanotherdrink?
8.Wouldyoukindlyshowmetheway?
[注]疑问句的祈使句还有could,can,may,might,如:
Couldyoulendmefiveshillingsuntiltomorrow?
Might(May)Iborrowyourpen(for)amoment?
句型[Wouldyoumind(not)+动名词+(其他)]/[Doyoumind(not)+动名词+(其他)]
1."Would(或Do)youmindlendingmeyourdictionary?
"-"Certainlynot."
2.Wouldyoumindbeinghereatnineo'clock?
3."Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?
"-"Oh,no,please."
4.Doyoumindnotsmokinginthedining-room,please?
句型[Whatabout+动名词+(其他)]/[Howabout+动名词+(其他)]
1.Whataboutstartingworktomorrow?
2.Whataboutgoingoutforawalk?
3.Howabouttryingtodoitmyway?
句型[Be+sogood/kindas+不定式+(其他)]/[Be+good/kindenough+不定式+(其他)]
1.Besogoodastocomeandjoinusat5o'clock.
2.Besokindas(=kindenough)toshutthedoor.
3.Begoodenoughtoletmeknowwhenyouwillreturnfromyourholiday.
4.BekindenoughtocomeandhelpmetostudyEnglish.
[注1]句型60,61可与本句型结合使用,如:
1.Willyoubebackearlythisevening,please?
2.Willyoubekindenough/sokindastoclosethedoor?
3.Wouldyoubesogoodastoposttheletterforme?
[注2]有时可以在这些句型前加上just,使语气更缓和,如:
Justlistentoher,please!
Justshutthedoor,willyou?
建议祈使句
句型[Letus/Let's或Let+第三人称宾语+动词原形+其他]
1.Letusknowthetimeofyourarrival.2.Oh,doletusbefriends.
3."Let'sgo."-"yes,let'sgo."4.Let'sstartearly,shallwe?
5."Shallhecomein?
"-"lethimwait!
"6.Lethimhavehissay.
7."NatureandNature'slawslayhidinnight,godsaid'LetNewtonbe'andallwaslight.'
[注]let可用于句型55,如:
Letmesee."Letmealone.""Pleaseletmeintothehouse."
句型[Let+宾语+not}+动词原形+其他][Don'tlet+宾语+动词原形+其他]
1.Letusnotgo.2.Let'snotwasteouttimearguingaboutit.3.Let'snotdiscussitinclass.
4.Don'tletthefireout.5.Don'tletthechildrencomeneartheedge.
6.Pray(please)don'tletusbesplittinghairs…,orthere'llneverbeanendofthecause.
[注1]古英语中可采用"Letnot+宾语…"的形式,如:
1.Letnotsuccesselateyou.(=youshouldnotbeelatedbysuccess.)2.Letnotfailuredejectyou
[注2]以上三种否定式不可用于间接引语中,如:
(误)Tellhimdon'tletthefireout.
(误)Tellhimletthefirenotout.(误)Tellhimletnotthefireout.(正)Tellhimnottoletthefireout.
句型[Suppose/Supposing+主语+谓语(动词原形、过去时)+其他]
1.Supposeyouringmeup.2.Supposingwegoforaswim.
3.Suppose(Supposing)wetrytodoitmyway.4.Supposingwelooked(look)himuptoday.
句型[主语+hadbetter+动词原形+其他]
1.We'dbetterstartearly.(=Itwouldbebetterforustostartearly.)
2.You'dbetterdoasthedoctorsaysandstayinbed.
3.Youhadbettergotothefieldsandhavealook.4.Hadn'tyoubettertakeanumbrella?
[注]相当于本句型的还有以下二式:
1."…wouldbewell+不定式…"Itwouldbewelltostartearly.
2."…mayaswell+原形动词…"Wemayaswellgo.
[附注]建议祈使句还可以用以下动词来表达
1)allow,如:
Allowme,Sir,tointroduceyoutomyfellow-travelers.
Prayallowmetodetainyouforamoment..
2)permit,多用于正式场合,如:
Permitmetoexplainfurther.
Pleasepermitme,onbehalfofourschool,toextendmyheartfeltgreetingstoyou.
其次,也可用陈述句来表达这种概念。
如:
Youhavetoknockbeforeyouentermyroom.
1.Youarenottocomeintomyroomwithoutknocking.
2.Yououghttoshowhonortoyourteachers.3.WeshouldbethemastersofScience.
4.Youaretowriteyournameatthetopofeachsheetofpaper.
句型[Longlive+第三人称主语]
1.Longliveoursocialistmotherland.
2.Longlivethegreat,gloriousandcorrectCommunistPartyofChina.
句型[May+第二、三人称主语+动词原形+其他]
1.Mayyoureturnsoon!
2.Mayheneverrepentthisact!
3.Mayyousucceedinbuildingupastrongandprosperouscountry!
4.Mayourtwopeoplesachieveevengreatersuccessesinoursocialistconstruction!
[注]句型69,70可结合使用。
如:
Longmayshelivetoenjoyhergoodfortune!
有时可用might代替may,如:
Rathermighttheyliveinfriendshipforthefuture!
句型[(祝愿内容)名词+to+名词或代词(被祝愿对象)]
1.Eternalglorytothepeople'sheroes!
2.Solutetoyou!
3.Successtoyou!
4.Alonglifetoyou!
5.Atoasttoourfriendship!
6.Ahappyjourneytoyou!
7.Goodlucktoyou!
句型[Ifonly/But+主语+虚拟式谓语+其他]
1.IfonlyMarxwerestillbymysidetoseethiswithhisowneyes!
2.IfonlyIhadknownthenwhatIknewlongafterwards!
3.Ah,ifonlyithadlifeandmovement!
4.IfIcouldonlygetsomethingtodo.
句型[Oh/O/Ah)名词+that+主语+虚拟式谓语+其他][Oh/O/Ah)名词+tobe+表语+其他]
[Oh/O/Ah)名词+虚拟式谓语+主语+其他]
1.Oh!
Thatshecouldcomebacktolifeagain!
2.Othathewerealiveandcouldseethefruitsofhislabor.
3.Ah,thatIhadbutknown!
4.OthatIhadlistenedtohim!
5.Oh,tobeinEnglandnowthatApril'sthere!
6.Otobeaboyagain!
7.Owereheonlyhere!
8.OhadIwings!
句型[Be+主语+表语+其他]/[表语+Be+主语+其他]
1.Behisbannerunconquered,resistlesshisspear.
2.Beoursahappymeeting!
3.Lightbeherheartandgayhermerryeyes!
4.Sobeit!
(=Somayitbe!
=Beitso!
)
5."GoodfriendforJesus'sake,forbear
Todigthedustenclosedhere,
Blessedbehethatsparesthesestones
Andcurstbehethatmovesmybones."(EpitaphwrittenbyShakespeare)
句型[Would(that)+主语+虚拟式谓语+其他]
1.Would(that)itwereotherwise!
2.Wouldthattheyweresafehomeagain!
3.Wouldyouwerewithus!
(=Iwishyouwerewithus!
)4.WouldIwereascientist!
5.Would(that)Iwereyoungagain.6.WouldIwereasstrongasyou.
[注]口语中还有各种表示祝愿的说法,如:
Goodmorning!
AHappyNewYear!
AHappyHoliday!
Happyjourney!
Manyhappyreturns(oftheday)!
Goodluckineverything!
Mybestwishestoyou!
揭示句
句型[No+动名词或名词!
]/[(修饰语)+名词]
1.NoSmoking!
2.NoParkingHere!
3.NoScribbling(onthewall)!
4.NoPassage!
2.NoAdmittance!
6.NoAdmittanceexceptonbusiness.7.NoSpitting!
8.NoTalking!
9.NoThoroughfare.10.NoBill(或PostNoBill).11.NottoBeTakenAway!
12.Order!
13.Interval-10Min.14.TheEnd.15.NightBell.16.Holiday.
17.Poison!
18.Danger!
19.HighTension!
20.Attention!
(或Lookout!
)
[注]这种句型还可以用副词,形容词,分词,动词,词组或句子来表达,如:
Slow;KeepRight;
Handsoff;WetPaint;BewareofFire;Upstairs;Downstairs;Push;Pull;ChildrennotAllowed;Engaged;Full,AllFull;Time'sover;Entrance;Exit;Wayout等。
口号口令式祈使句
句型[副词虚助词+with+名词(或代词)]
1.Downwiththeslavementality!
Burydogmatism!
2.Awaywithsuperstitionandemancipatethemind.
3.Downwiththelandlords!
4.Upwiththepoor!
5.Upwithit!
6.Inwithyou!
7.Outwithit!
8.Offwithyourhat.9.Offwiththeirheads!
10.Onwithyourshoes!
句型[名词+副词虚助词!
][副词或比较级副词!
]
1.Handsup!
2.Handsoff!
3.Skatesoff!
4.Forwardtonewvictories!
5.Louder!
6.Higher!
7."Forward,men,forward"criesPakenham.8."Away!
-away!
"criedshewildly.
希望同学们能够认真阅读句型分类知识点-祈使句的分类及应用,努力提高自己的学习成绩。