定语从句.docx

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定语从句.docx

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定语从句.docx

定语从句

定语从句

【重点与难点】定语从句的考点或重点通常在于由关系代词和关系副词引导的非限定性定语从句的用法,主要表现为由关系代词whom,which或as引导的非限定性定语从句,有时也有由介词+关系代词引导的限定性定语从句。

一、定语从句的基本概念

定语从句:

在复合句中充当定语的句子即定语从句。

关系词:

连接主句和定语从句的代词或副词即关系词。

先行词:

被定语从句修饰或限制的名词或代词即先行词。

The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with hergrandmother

二、定语从句的引导词

关系副词有when,where,why等。

关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that,as

关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词(如下表):

功能

作用

用于限制性从句或非限制性从句

只用于限制性从句

指代人

指代物

指代人或物

主语

who

which

that

宾语

whom

which

that

定语

whose(=ofwhom)

as(修饰主句)

whose(=ofwhich)

as(修饰主句)

三、定语从句的特点

定语后置:

关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当一定的句子成分。

四、介词+关系代词引导的限定性定语从句

在限定性定语从句中,介词的选择通常有两个方面:

一是该介词与先行词有关,是介宾关系;二是该介词与从句的动词有关,是动词短语或固定搭配的构成成分。

例如:

Thisistheuniversityinwhichhespentfouryearsstudyingmathematics.(in与先行词university构成介词短语,inwhich=where)

Thereisnoreasonforwhichheshouldrefusetheoffer.(for与先行词reason构成介词短语forthereason,forwhich=why)

ThecompanytowhichIappliedforajoblastmonthwentoutofbusiness.(to与从句中的apply是固定搭配,applytosb.Forsth.)

(1)关系代词which指物,作宾语时常省略。

that指人,也可指物,作宾语或表语时可以省略。

例如:

Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.

(2)that在从句中作介词的宾语时,介词不提前;如果介词提前,则不用that而用which。

例如:

Thehousethatweliveinisnotlarge.

Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.

Thehouseweliveinisnotlarge.(that被省略)

以下几种情况,定语从句只能用that引导:

A.先行词为all,much,little,none,few,any,everything,nothing,anything等不定代词时,定语从句只能用that引导。

例如:

ThisisallthatIcansayaboutit.

Thereismuchthatneedsimprovingintheplan.

B.先行词被形容词最高级、序数词或theonly,thenext,thelast,thesame,thevery,thelittle,every,no,allthe等修饰时,定语从句只能用that引导。

例如:

ThisisthemostfantasticstorythatIhaveeverheard.

Shewastheonlystudentthathadansweredallthequestioncorrectly..

Thereisnoonethatcandenythefact.

C.先行词又两个或者两个以上,分别表示人和物时,定语从句只能用that引导。

例如:

Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.

D.先行词是以疑问词who,which或what开头的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复,定语从句多用that引导。

例如:

Whoisthepersonthatisstandingattheschoolgate?

Whichisthedogthatsavedfivelives?

Whatdidhesaythatmadeyousoupset?

(3)As做关系代词,可用在限制性和非限制性定语从句中,在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。

A.as引导限制性定语从句时常与such和thesame连用。

例如:

Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.(as在从句中作宾语,先行词是people)

Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.(as在从句中作表语)

B.as引导非限制性定语从句时,修饰整个主句,但与主句间有逗号分开。

例如:

Asmightbeexpected,theresponsetothequestionwasverymixed.

TaiwanisapartofChina,asisknowntoall.

四、限制性和非限定性定语从句的区别

定语从句类型

书写形式

与主句的关系

翻译方法

限制性

不用逗号与主句分开

是主句不可分割的一部分

······的

非限制性

用逗号与主句分开

是对先行词作补充说明

两个分句

*It is written by a person with whom we are allfamiliar. 

IliketochatwithJohn,whoisacleverfellow.

Therearesixtystudentsinthelecturehall,mostofwhomaremodernhistorymajors.

【真题解析】

1.Theyhaveinvitedmetodinner,__________isverykindofthem.

A)asB)whichC)itD)that

2.Theaudience,_________werestudents,enjoyedtheperformanceverymuch.

A)mostofwhomB)mostofthemC)mostofthoseD)mostofthese

3.TheUnitedStatesiscomposedoffiftystates,_______areseparatedfromtheothersbylandorwater.

A)twoofwhichB)twoofthemC)twoofwhomD)twoofthose

4.Hewentupthemountainswithagroupofpeople,_______werecorrectlyequippedforsuchaclimb.

A)fewofwhomB)fewofthemC)fewofthosepeopleD)fewofthesepeople

5.Weneedamonitor______.

A)forwhomeveryonehasconfidenceB)whomeveryonehasconfidenceof

C)inwhomeveryonehasconfidenceD)whomeveryonehasconfidencefor

6.ThemanspeakingattheplatformwasMr.Simpson,________thepartywasgiven.

A)inthishonorB)forthishonorC)inwhosehonorD)forwhosehonor

7.I’veneverbeentomyparent’shometown,butit’stheplace_________.

A)inwhichI’dliketovisitB)Iwanttovisitmost

C)whereI’dliketovisitD)thatIwanttovisititmost

 

【强化练习】

1.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_________writeswell.

A)neitherofthemB)noneofthemC)neitherofwhichD)noneofwhich

2.Ishallalwaysremembertheday_________whichIfirstmetyou.

A)inB)onC)aboutD)for

3.Diamondisthehardestnaturalsubstance_________.

A)weareknowB)thatisknowC)whichisknowD)whoknowof

4.Theboy,________,turnedouttobethesonofoneofmyneighbors.

A)whoselegwasbrokenB)whobreakhisleg

C)whoselegbreaksD)whomwasbrokenleg

5.Theoldwomanhastwosons,one_______isateacher.

A)ofwhoB)ofwhomC)ofwhichD)ofthem

6.Johngotbeateninthegame,_________hadbeenexpected.

A)whoB)whatC)thatD)as

7.Crusoe’sdogbecameillanddied,________madehimverylonely.

A)thisB)thatC)whichD)as

8.______hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.

A)asB)thatC)whatD)which

9.Thestudentswillputoffthematchuntilnextweek,__________theywon’tbesobusy.

A)sinceB)asC)whenD)while

10.All_______isacontinuoussupplyofthebasicnecessitiesoflife.

A)forourneedsB)thatisneededC)thethingneededD)whatisneeded

11.Theresidents,________hadbeendamagedbytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.

A)alloftheirhomesB)allofwhosehomes

C)alltheirhomesD)allwhosehomes

12.Thebuses,_______werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.

A)mostofwhichB)bothofwhichC)fewofthemD)thoseofwhich

13.Theresult______hehadsearchedallthesedayscameoutunexpectedly.

A)afterwhichB)withwhichC)forwhichD)atwhich

14.Itwasn’tsuchagooddinner_______shehadpromisedus.

A)thatB)whichC)asD)what

 

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