浙江大学远程教育 英语报刊选读作业.docx

浙江大学远程教育 英语报刊选读作业.docx

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浙江大学远程教育英语报刊选读作业

《英语报刊选读》作业

作业一

第一讲：

IntroductiontoAmericanandBritishPublication

掌握程度：

了解

A.MultipleChoices.

1．Whichofthefollowingpublicationhasaslogan“AllTheNewsThat'sFitToPrint”?

A）NewYorkTimes

2.WhichofthefollowingpublicationconductedWatergateinvestigation,whichplayedamajorroleintheundoingoftheNixonpresidency?

C）WashingtonPost

3.WhichofthefollowingnewsagenciesisintheUS?

C）UPI

4.WhichofthefollowingnewspapersissometimesreferredtoasAmerica's"newspaperofrecord"?

A）NewYorkTimes

5.WhereistheAsianWallStreetJournalbased?

B）HongKong

6.Since1927,________haschosen“ThePersonoftheYear”annually--aman,woman,orideathat"forbetterorworse,hasmostinfluencedeventsintheprecedingyear."

C）Time

7.Whichofthefollowingisregardedasaqualitynewspaper?

A）TheDailyTelegraph

8.Whichofthefollowingisaweeklymagazine?

B）U.S.News&WorldReport

9.Whichmagazinegivesanannuallistofthe500largestcompaniesintheUnitedStates?

C）Fortune

10.WhichofthefollowingsareAmericanpublications?

（多选）A、D、E、H、I

A）Reader’sDigest

B）Economist

C）Finance

D）NationalGeographic

E）Newsweek

F）TheSpectator

G）Nature

H）Fortune

I）Time

B.Readthefollowingstatementsanddecidewhethertheyaretrue（T）orfalse（F）.

1.ArticlesinReader'sDigestcoverarangeoftopics,includingpoliticsandgovernment,health,internationalaffairs,business,educationandhumor.

2.TheChristianScienceMonitorisadailyinternationalnewspaperaimedatreligiouspropaganda.

3.Timeisknownforitscharacteristicyellowborder.

4.Time,NewsweekandU.S.News&WorldReportareallweeklyU.S.newsmagazines.

5.TheFinancialTimesisabroadsheetqualitynewspaperintheU.K.

6.TheTimesisaninternationalbusinessnewspaperprintedondistinctivepinkbroadsheetpaper.

7.AllthefourteenPulitzerprizesinjournalismaregivenintheformofmoney.

8.TheWallStreetJournalisadailybusinessandfinancialnewspapereditedinNewYorkCityandsoldthroughouttheUnitedStates.

9.LosAngelesTimesconductedWatergateinvestigationintheearly1970s,whichplayedamajorroleintheundoingoftheNixonpresidency.

10.TheGuardiantakesanindependentliberalstanceinitseditorials.

TFFTTFFTTT

作业二

第二讲：

SomeconceptsinEnglishJournalism

TypesofJournalism

StructureofEnglishNewsReporting

掌握程度：

了解并初步应用；分析判断；扩展

1.Givethedefinitionofthefollowingterms.

1）Feature

aprominentorspecialarticle,story,ordepartmentinanewspaperorperiodical.

2）editorial

anarticleinapublicationexpressingtheopinionofitseditorsorpublishers.

3）op-ed

oforbeinganewspaperpage,usuallyoppositetheeditorialpage,thatfeaturessignedarticlesexpressingpersonalviewpoints

4）invertedpyramid

Theinvertedpyramidisatraditionalformofwritinginwhichthenewsisstackedinparagraphsinorderofdescendingimportance.Theleadsummarizestheprincipalitemsofanewsevent.Thesecondparagraphandeachsucceedingparagraphcontainsecondaryorsupportingdetailsinorderofdecreasingsignificance.Alltheparagraphsinthestorycontainnewsworthyinformation,buteachparagraphislessvitalthantheonebeforeit.Inverted-pyramidformputstheclimaxofastoryatthebeginning,inthelead.

5）lead

Aleadisaterseopeningparagraphthatprovidesthegistofthestoryandinvitesreadersinside.

2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenhardnewsandsoftnews?

Hardnewsevents,suchaskillings,andspeechesbyleadinggovernmentofficials,aretimelyandarereportedalmostautomaticallybythemedia.Softnewsevents,suchasacarwashbyafourth-graderstoraisemoneyforaclassmatewithcancer,arenotusuallyconsideredimmediatelyimportantortimelytoawideaudience.Theseeventsstillcontainelementsofnews,however,andthemediaoftenreportthem.

3.Whatisthedifferencebetweennewsandfeatures?

Anewsstoryemphasizesthefactsoftheevent,whilethefeaturedisplacesthefactstoaccommodatethehumaninterestofthestory.

4.Whatarethemajorcriteriafornewsworthiness?

Proximity

Prominence

Timeliness

Impact

ConflictandControversy

Uniqueness

Humaninterest

5.Whataretheprinciplesofnewswriting?

Newswritingtendstobe:

1.Impersonaltomakeitappearobjective（todistancethereporterfromthestory）hence:

–Writteninthethirdperson

–Useofdirectspeechorindirectspeechwhichisattributedtosomeoneotherthanthereporter,

–Someuseofpassiveverbsbutusuallyonlywhensomeonewhoisbeingquotedwantstodistancethemselvesfromanissueandtoshowobjectivelyaboutnissue.

2.Aboutsomethingthathastakenplacesomostlywritteninthepasttense.

3.Simple–Infactclosetothewaywetalk–relativelyshortsentencesandwordsandsomeuseofclichéswhichthewholeaudienceunderstand.

4.Punchy–itmustgrabthereader’sattentionsooftenuses:

–shortratherthanlongwords

–activeverbs

–relativelyshortsentences

–concreteratherthanabstractvocabulary

–sometimesemotiveandcolorfulvocabulary

–someuse（butnotoveruse）ofadjectives

5.Butalsorelativelyformalhence:

–nouseofcontractions

–sentenceswritteninfull（noelision）orellipticalsentences

6.sometimesimageryisusedtohelpcreateaclearermentalpictureforthereader.

7.oftenincludingthereporter’sby-lineand/oradate-line

6.Readthefollowingheadlinesandanalyzethefeaturesofthelanguagetheyuse.

1）MoreIraqisSaidtoFleeSinceTroopRise

Whenpassivevoiceisusedinheadlines,“tobe”isalwaysomitted.Here“are”in“MoreIraqisaresaidtoflee…”isomitted.Nounsandnounphrasesareoftenusedinheadlinestosavespace.Nounphraseswhichactuallyexpressactionsorstateareheavilyused,andtheyarederivedfromverbphrasesinordertomakethesentencesmorecompactandsavespacewithoutloweringtheamountofinformationconveyed.Insteadof“sincethetrooprises”,nounphrase“trooprise”isused.

2）Insurgentraidkills22villagers

Mostheadlinesusethepresenttense-despitethefactthattheygenerallydescribepastevents.Thepresenttensegivesthesubjectasenseoffreshnessandimmediacy,makingitmoreinterestingtoread.Insteadofusing“killed”,“kills”isusedtodescribewhathappenedinthepast.Besides,thearticle“An”in“aninsurgentraid”isomitted.

3）BangladeshSetsCurfewToCurbStudentProtests

Shortwords（i.e.midgetwords）areoftenusedtoconservespaceinheadlines,forexample,“curb”inthisheadline.Besides,presenttense“sets”isusedtodescribeapastevent.

4）StormDeathTollinMidwestClimbs

1.Compactnounphrasesareoftenusedinheadlinestosavespace.

2.Mostheadlinesusethepresenttense-despitethefactthattheygenerallydescribepastevents.

5）WallStreetslightlylowerascreditworrieslinger

Rhetoricdevicesoftenusedinthewritingofnewspaperheadlines.

Inthisheadline,WallStreetreferstothestockexchange,whichisametonymy.Anotherrhetoricdeviceusedhereisrhyme（Correspondenceofterminalsoundsofwordsoroflinesofverse）,aswefindinlowerandlinger.

6）Chinalaunchescrackdownoninferiorgoods,unsafefood

Inordertoconservespaceinheadlines,commaissometimesusedtoreplace“and”.

7）ChinatobecomeU.S.thirdlargestexportmarketbyyearend

Inphraseheadlines,infinitivesaresometimesusedtoindicateafutureactionorevent.

7.Whatdothefollowingabbreviationsandacronymsstandfor?

1）CPPCC

ChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConference中国人民政治协商会议

2）NASA

NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration（美国）国家航空和宇宙航行局

3）IMF

InternationalMonetaryFund国际货币基金组织

4）WHO

WorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织

5）DJI

Dow-JonesIndex道·琼斯指数

6）PM

primeminister首相；总理

8.Readthefollowingnewsstoryandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.Whatistheheadlineofthereport?

Sprawlputshousesinhotzones

2.Whatisthesubheadingofthereport?

Lackoffirehydrantsagrowingproblem

3.Whatisthebylineofthereport?

ByJosephGidjunis

USATODAY

4.Whatisthedatelineofthereport?

Salisbury,Md

9.Directions:

Readthefollowingnewsreportandanswerquestions.

Q1:

Whatistheheadlineofthisnewsreport?

SaudiKingtoallowwomentovoteinlocalelections

Q2:

Whatisthedatelineinthisnewsreport?

Riyady,SaudiArabia

Q3:

Whatisthebylineinthisnewsreport?

TheAssociatedPress

Q4:

Whatisthesummaryleadofthisnewsreport?

Andidentifythe5W’sandHinthelead.

Thefirstparagraph:

SaudiKingAbdullahannouncedSundaythatthenationswomenwillgaintherighttovoteandrunascandidatesinlocalelectionstobeheldin2015inamajoradvancementfortherightsofwomeninthedeeplyconservativeMuslimKingdom.

WHAT:

thenationswomenwillgaintherighttovoteandrunascandidatesinlocalelections

WHEN:

in2015

WHERE:

MuslimKingdom

WHO:

SaudiKingAbdullah

HOW:

inanannualspeech

Q5:

Explainwhattheinvertedpyramidisbyanalyzingthisnewsreport.

Aninvertedpyramidisatraditionalformofwritinginwhichthenewsisstackedinparagraphsinorderofdescendingimportance.Theleadsummarizestheprincipalitemsofanewsevent.Thesecondparagraphandeachsucceedingparagraphcontainsecondaryorsupportingdetailsinorderofdecreasingsignificance.Alltheparagraphsinthestorycontainnewsworthyinformation,buteachparagraphislessvitalthantheonebeforeit.Takethisnewsreportforexample,thewriterfirstpresentsthemostimportantdetailsofthebombing,includingthetime,theplace,andthecasualty.Thenthewritergoesontolessessentialinfor