高中化学方程式High school chemistry equation.docx

高中化学方程式High school chemistry equation.docx

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高中化学方程式Highschoolchemistryequation

高中化学方程式（Highschoolchemistryequation）

I.reactionofmatterwithoxygen:

（1）reactionofsimplesubstancewithoxygen:

1.magnesiumburnsinair:

2Mg+O2ignites2MgO

2.ironburnsinoxygen:

3Fe+2O2ignitesFe3O4

3.copperheatedintheair:

2Cu+O2heating2CuO

4.aluminumburningintheair:

4Al+3O2ignition2Al2O3

5.hydrogencombustioninair:

2H2+O2ignition2H2O

6.redphosphorusburnintheair:

4P+5O2light2P2O5

7.sulfurpowderburnsinair:

S+O2ignitesSO2

8.carbonburnsfullyinoxygen:

C+O2ignitesCO2

9.carbondoesnotburnsufficientlyinoxygen:

2C+O2ignites2CO

（2）thereactionofcompoundwithoxygen:

10.carbonmonoxideburnsinoxygen:

2CO+O2ignites2CO2

11.methanecombustionintheair:

CH4+2O2ignitesCO2+2H2O

12.alcoholburnsintheair:

C2H5OH+3O2ignites2CO2+3H2O

Two.Severaldecompositionreactions:

13.waterdecompositionundertheeffectofdirectcurrent:

2H2O+O2=2H2=electricity

14.heatingauragreen:

Cu2（OH）2CO3+H2O+CO2=2CuOheating

15.heatingpotassiumchlorate（asmallamountofmanganesedioxide）:

2KClO3=2KCl+3O2=

16.heatingheatingPotassiumPermanganate:

2KMnO4+MnO2+O2=K2MnO4

17.unstablecarbonatedecomposition:

H2CO3=H2O+CO2=

18.hightemperaturecalcinedlimestone:

CaO+CO2=CaCO3athightemperature

Three.Severalredoxreactions:

19.hydrogenreductionofCuO:

H2+CuOheatingCu+H2O

20.:

C+charcoalreductionofcopperoxidehigh-temperature2Cu+CO2=2CuO

21.3C+2Fe2O3hightemperaturecokereductionironoxide:

4Fe+3CO2=

22.:

2C+Fe3O4hightemperaturecokereductionofFe3O4+2CO2=3Fe

23.carbonmonoxidereducedcopperoxide:

CO+CuOheatingCu+CO2

24.carbonmonoxidereductionironoxide:

3CO+,Fe2O3,hightemperature2Fe+3CO2

25.carbonmonoxidereductionmagnetite:

4CO+,Fe3O4,hightemperature3Fe+4CO2

Four.Therelationofsimplesubstance,oxide,acid,alkaliandsalt

（1）metalsalt++acid-hydrogen（reaction）

26.zincanddilutesulfuricacidZn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2=

27.ironanddilutesulfuricacidFe+H2SO4=FeSO4+H2=

28.mgdilutesulfuricacidandMg+H2SO4=MgSO4+H2=

29.aluminumanddilutesulfuricacid2Al+3H2SO4=Al2（SO4）+3H2=3

30.zincanddilutehydrochloricacidZn+ZnCl2+H2=2HCl===

31.ironanddilutehydrochloricacidFe+FeCl2+H2=2HCl===

32.mganddilutehydrochloricacidMgCl2+H2=2HCl=Mg+

33.aluminumanddilutehydrochloricacid2Al+6HCl+3H2===2AlCl3

（2）metallicelement+salt（solution）-anothermetal+anothersalt

34.ironandcoppersulfatesolutionreaction:

Fe+CuSO4=FeSO4+Cu

35.zincandcoppersulfatesolutionreaction:

Zn+CuSO4=ZnSO4+Cu

36.copperandmercurynitratereaction:

Cu+Hg（NO3）=2Cu（NO3）2+Hg

（3）basicoxides+acid+watersalt.

37.ironoxideanddilutehydrochloricacidreaction:

Fe2O3+6HCl=2FeCl3+3H2O

38.ironoxideanddilutesulfuricacidreaction:

Fe2O3+3H2SO4=Fe2+3H2O（SO4）3

39.ofcopperoxideandhydrochloricacidreaction:

CuO+2HCl=CuCl2+H2O

40.ofcopperoxideandsulfuricacidreaction:

CuO+H2SO4=CuSO4+H2O

TheMagnesiumOxide41.anddilutesulfuricacidreaction:

MgO+H2SO4=MgSO4+H2O

42.calciumoxideandhydrochloricacidreaction:

CaO+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O

（4）acidicoxide+alkalisalt+water.

43.causticsodaintheairexposedmetamorphic:

2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O

Forty-four

CausticsodatoabsorbSO2:

2NaOH+SO2=Na2SO3+H2O

45.causticsodaabsorbsthreesulphuroxidegas:

2NaOH+SO3=Na2SO4+H2O

46.oflimedeteriorationintheair:

Ca（OH）2+CO2+H2O:

CaCO3====

47.oflimesulfurdioxideabsorption:

Ca（OH）2+SO2+H2O:

CaSO3====

（5）acidalkalisalt+water+.

48.hydrochloricacidandcausticsodareact:

HCl+NaOH=NaCl+H2O

49.hydrochloricacidandpotassiumhydroxidereaction:

HCl+KOH=KCl+H2O

50.hydrochloricacidandcopperhydroxidereaction:

2HCl+Cu=CuCl2+2（OH）2H2O

51.hydrochloricacidandcalciumhydroxidereaction:

2HCl+Ca=CaCl2+2（OH）2H2O

52.hydrochloricacidandferrichydroxidereaction:

3HCl+Fe=FeCl3+3（OH）3H2O

The53.drugsinthetreatmentofaluminumhydroxidehyperchlorhydria:

3HCl+Al=AlCl3+3（OH）3H2O

54.sulfuricacidandcausticsodareaction:

H2SO4+2NaOH=Na2SO4+2H2O

55.sulfuricacidandpotassiumhydroxidereaction:

H2SO4+2KOH=K2SO4+2H2O

56.sulfuricacidandcopperhydroxidereaction:

H2SO4+Cu=CuSO4+2（OH）2H2O

57.sulfuricacidandferrichydroxidereaction:

3H2SO4+2Fe（OH）3====Fe2（SO4）3+6H2O

58.nitricacidandsodiumhydroxidereaction:

HNO3+NaOHNaNO3=+H2O

（6）acid+salt-anotheracid+anothersalt

59.marblereactswithdilutehydrochloricacid:

CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2=

60.sodiumcarbonatereactswithdilutehydrochloricacid:

Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2=

61.magnesiumcarbonatereactswithdilutehydrochloricacid:

MgCO3+2HCl=MgCl2+H2O+CO2=

62.hydrochloricacidandsilvernitratesolutionreaction:

HCl+AgNO3=AgCl+:

HNO3

63.sulfuricacidandsodiumcarbonatereaction:

Na2CO3+H2SO4=Na2SO4+H2O+CO2=

Reactionof64.sulfuricacidandbariumchloridesolution:

H2SO4+BaCl2=BaSO4+:

2HCl

（7+）-anotheralkalisaltalkaliandanothersalt

65.sodiumhydroxideandcoppersulfate:

2NaOH+CuSO4=Cu+2（OH）:

Na2SO4

66.sodiumhydroxideandferricchloride:

3NaOH+FeCl3=Fe+3（OH）:

3NaCl

67.sodiumhydroxideandmagnesiumchloride:

2NaOH+MgCl2=Mg+2（OH）:

2NaCl

68.sodiumhydroxideandcopperchloride:

2NaOH+CuCl2=Cu+2（OH）:

2NaCl

69.calciumhydroxideandsodiumcarbonate:

Ca（OH）2+Na2CO3+2NaOH=CaCO3:

（8）salt+salt----twonewkindsofsalt

70.SodiumChlorideSolutionandsilvernitratesolution:

NaCl+AgNO3=AgCl+:

NaNO3

71.sodiumsulfateandbariumchloride:

Na2SO4+BaCl2=BaSO4+:

2NaCl

Five.Otherreactions:

72.carbondioxidedissolvedinwater:

CO2+H2O=H2CO3

73.limewatersoluble:

CaO+H2O=Ca（OH）2

74.sodiumhydroxidedissolvedinwater:

Na2O+H2O=2NaOH

75.threeofsulfurdioxidedissolvedinwater:

SO3+H2O=H2SO4

76.coppersulfatecrystaldecomposition:

CuSO45H2OheatingCuSO4+5H2O

77.anhydrouscoppersulfateasadesiccant:

CuSO4+5H2O=CuSO4-5H2O

Chemicalequation,reactionphenomenon,application

2Mg+O2igniteorignitestronglyat2MgO.Dazzlingwhitelight.Producingwhitesolid.Exothermic.Producesalargewhitesmokeflare

2Hg+O22HgO,asilverlightorliquidformredsolidLavoisierexperiment

2Cu+O2igniteordelta2CuOredmetalintoblacksolid

4Al+3O2or2Al2O3lightsilverywhitemetalintoawhitesolid

3Fe+2O2ignitesFe3O4,burnsviolently,Marsisradiant,producingblacksolids,exothermic4Fe+3O2,hightemperature2Fe2O3

C+O2ignitesCO2,burningviolently,whitelight,releasingheat,andmakinglimewatermuddy

S+O2ignitesSO2,burnsviolently,releasesheat,stimulatesthesmellofgas,andburnslightblueflamesintheair.Blueandpurpleflamesinoxygen

2H2+O22H2Oblueflamelit,exothermic,generatedanhydrousCuSO4blueliquid（water）highenergyfuel

4P+5O2ignites2P2O5,burnsviolently,produceslargeamountsofwhitesmoke,releasesheat,andproduceswhitesolids,demonstratingoxygenlevelsintheair

CH4+2O2ignites2H2O+CO2blueflames,exothermic,andgeneratesliquid（water）methanethatmakeslimewaterturbid,gasandbluewater,andthecombustionofnaturalgasinCuSO4

2C2H2+5O22H2O+4CO2lightblueflame,heatrelease,blacksmoke,makesthelimewaterturbidgasandtheanhydrousCuSO4blueliquid（water）,oxyacetyleneflameweldingandcuttingmetal

2KClO3MnO2+3O2=Delta2KClgeneratedwithMars,woodrekindledlaboratorypreparationofoxygengas

2KMnO4K2MnO4+MnO2+O2=purplegeneratedglowingsplintrekindledlaboratorypreparationofoxygengas,black

2HgODelta2Hg+O2=redgenerationgasLavoisierexperimentwithMarsresurgenceissilverywhite,wood

2H2Opower2H2=+O2=waterpowerdecompositionintohydrogenandoxygeninwaterelectrolysis

Cu2（OH）2CO32CuO+H2O+CO2greenarrow,blacktubewall,theliquidlimewaterturbidgasheatingP.

NH4HCO3NH3=H2O+CO2=a+whitesolidliquid,tubewallhasdisappeared,thelimewaterturbidgasammoniumbicarbonatelong-termexposureintheairwilldisappear

Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2=havealargenumberofbubbles,zincparticlesgraduallydissolvethelaboratorypreparationofhydrogen

Fe+H2SO4=FeSO4+H2=havealargenumberofbubbles,themetalparticlesgraduallydissolved

Mg+H2SO4=MgSO4+H2hasalargenumberofbubblesincreases,metalparticlesgraduallydissolved

3+3H2=2Al+3H2SO4=Al2（SO4）hasalargenumberofbubbles,themetalparticlesgraduallydissolved

Fe2O3+3H2Delta2Fe+3H2Oredisgraduallychangedtosilverwhite,withliquidmetalsmeltingintesttubewall,andreductionofhydrogengas

Fe3O4+4H2Delta3Fe+4H2Oblackgraduallybecomessilverywhite,withliquidmetalsmeltingintesttubewallandreductionofhydrogen

WO3+3H2,W,+3H2O,smeltingoftungstenmetal,reductionofhydrogen

MoO3+3H2,Mo,+3H2O,smeltingmolybdenummetal,hydrogenreduction

2Na+Cl2deltaorignite2NaCl,intensecombustion,formationofyellowflameioncompounds,

H2+Cl2lightorlight2HCllightpaleflameandfogbottlecovalentcompoundsformation,preparationofhydrochloricacid

CuSO4+2NaOH=Cu（OH）2:

+Na2SO4blueprecipitateformation,uppersolutionmassconservationlawclarificationexperiments

2C+O2ignitesoneofthecommonreactions,airpollutantsandgaspoisoningin2COcoalstoves

2CO+O2ignite2CO2blueflamegasburning

C+2Cu+=CO2CuOhightemperaturegraduallybecomeblackmetalsmeltinggasesmakeclearlimewaterturbidred,

4Fe+3CO2=2Fe2O3+3Chightemperaturesmeltingmetal

2CO2=3Fe+Fe3O4+2Chigh