大学英语四级2共19页word资料.docx

大学英语四级2共19页word资料.docx

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大学英语四级2共19页word资料

2019年6月大学英语四级（CET-4）真题试卷

“师”之概念，大体是从先秦时期的“师长、师傅、先生”而来。

其中“师傅”更早则意指春秋时国君的老师。

《说文解字》中有注曰：

“师教人以道者之称也”。

“师”之含义，现在泛指从事教育工作或是传授知识技术也或是某方面有特长值得学习者。

“老师”的原意并非由“老”而形容“师”。

“老”在旧语义中也是一种尊称，隐喻年长且学识渊博者。

“老”“师”连用最初见于《史记》，有“荀卿最为老师”之说法。

慢慢“老师”之说也不再有年龄的限制，老少皆可适用。

只是司马迁笔下的“老师”当然不是今日意义上的“教师”，其只是“老”和“师”的复合构词，所表达的含义多指对知识渊博者的一种尊称，虽能从其身上学以“道”，但其不一定是知识的传播者。

今天看来，“教师”的必要条件不光是拥有知识，更重于传播知识。

PartIListeningComprehension（20minutes）

教师范读的是阅读教学中不可缺少的部分，我常采用范读，让幼儿学习、模仿。

如领读，我读一句，让幼儿读一句，边读边记；第二通读，我大声读，我大声读，幼儿小声读，边学边仿；第三赏读，我借用录好配朗读磁带，一边放录音，一边幼儿反复倾听，在反复倾听中体验、品味。

SectionA

唐宋或更早之前，针对“经学”“律学”“算学”和“书学”各科目，其相应传授者称为“博士”，这与当今“博士”含义已经相去甚远。

而对那些特别讲授“武事”或讲解“经籍”者，又称“讲师”。

“教授”和“助教”均原为学官称谓。

前者始于宋，乃“宗学”“律学”“医学”“武学”等科目的讲授者；而后者则于西晋武帝时代即已设立了，主要协助国子、博士培养生徒。

“助教”在古代不仅要作入流的学问，其教书育人的职责也十分明晰。

唐代国子学、太学等所设之“助教”一席，也是当朝打眼的学官。

至明清两代，只设国子监（国子学）一科的“助教”，其身价不谓显赫，也称得上朝廷要员。

至此，无论是“博士”“讲师”，还是“教授”“助教”，其今日教师应具有的基本概念都具有了。

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Example:

Youwillhear:

Youwillread:

A）2hours.

B）3hours.

C）4hours.

D）5hours.

Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheywillstartat9o’clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D）“5hours”isthecorrectanswer.Youshouldchoose[D]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]

1.A）Skating.

B）Swimming.

C）Boatingandswimming.

D）Boatingandskating.（B）

2.A）Putherreportonhisdesk.

B）Readsomepapersherecommended.

C）Improvesomepartsofherpaper.

D）Mailherreporttothepublisher.（C）

3.A）Shetakesitasakindofexercise.

B）Shewantstosavemoney.

C）Shelovesdoinganythingthatisnew.

D）Herofficeisn’tveryfar.（A）

4.A）Ashopassistant.

B）Atelephoneoperator.

C）Awaitress.

D）Aclerk.（C）

5.A）Arailwayporter.

B）Ataxidriver.

C）Abusconductor.

D）Apostalclerk.（D）

6.A）Mostpeoplekilledintrafficaccidentsareheavydrinkers.

B）Shedoesnotagreewiththeman.

C）Drunkdriversarenotguilty.

D）Peopleshouldpaymoreattentiontothedangerofdrunkdriving.（D）

7.A）$1.40.

B）$6.40.

C）$4.30.

D）$8.60.（B）

8.A）Collectpapersfortheman.

B）Dothetypingonceagain.

C）Checkthepaperfortypingerrors.

D）Readthewholenewspaper.（C）

9.A）Thewomandoesnotwanttogotothemovies.

B）Themanistootiredtogotothemovies.

C）Thewomanwantstogotothemovies.

D）Themanwantstogooutfordinner.（A）

10.A）Bybus.

B）Bybike.

C）Bytaxi.

D）Onfoot.（A）

SectionBCompoundDictation

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Thenlistentothepassageagain.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfromS1toS7withtheexactworksyouhavejustheard.ForblanksnumberedfromS8toS10youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Youcaneitherusetheexactworksyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

Inpolicework,youcanneverpredictthenextcrimeorproblem.Noworkingdayisidenticaltoanyother,sothereisno“（S1）________”dayforapoliceofficer.Somedaysare（S2）________slow,andthejobis（S3）________;otherdaysaresobusythatthereisnotimetoeat.IthinkIcan（S4）________policeworkinoneword:

（S5）________.Sometimesit’sdangerous.Oneday,forexample,Iwasworkingundercover;thatis,Iwasonthejob,butIwaswearing（S6）________clothes,notmypolice（S7）________.Iwastryingtocatchsomerobberswhowerestealingmoneyfrompeopleastheywalkeddownthestreet.Suddenly,（S8）________.Anotherpolicemanarrived,andtogether,wearrestedthreeofthemen;buttheotherfourranaway.Anotherday,Ihelpedawomanwhowasgoingtohaveababy.（S9）________.Iputherinmypolicecartogethertherefaster.Ithoughtshewasgoingtohavethebabyrightthereinmycar.Butfortunately,（S10）________.

PartIIReadingComprehension（35minutes）

Directions:

Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

PassageOne

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:

“storeintherefrigerator.”

InmyfridgelessFiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthy.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher（肉商）,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplus（剩余的）breadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearson,fooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.

Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted-naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...

Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing—marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.

Consequently,mostoftheworld’sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumawaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificially-cooledspaceinsideanartificially-heatedhouse-whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.

Thefridge’seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon’tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabinetandturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymissthehamburgers（汉堡包）,butatleastyou’llgetridofthatterriblehum.

11.Thestatement“InmyfridgelessFiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.”（Line1,Para.2）suggeststhat________.

A）theauthorwaswell-fedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfifties

B）theauthorwasnotaccustomedtousingfridgeseveninhisfifties

C）therewasnofridgeintheauthor’shomeinthe1950s

D）thefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950s（C）

12.Whydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?

A）Peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary.

B）Foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimesaweek.

C）Foodwassoldfreshanddidnotgetrotteneasily.

D）Peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood.（D）

13.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?

A）Inventors.

B）Consumers.

C）Manufacturers.

D）Travelingsalesmen.（B）

14.Whichofthefollowingphrasesinthefifthparagraphindicatesthefridge’snegativeeffectontheenvironment?

A）“Humawaycontinuously”.

B）“Climaticallyalmostunnecessary”.

C）“Artificially-cooledspace”.

D）“Withmildtemperatures”.（A）

15.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardfridges?

A）Neutral.

B）Critical.

C）Objective.

D）Compromising.（B）

PassageTwo

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thehumanbraincontains10thousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousandconnections.Suchenormousnumbersusedtodiscourageusandcauseustodismissthepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability,butnowthatwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapacewecanbelesssure.Quitesoon,inonly10or20yearsperhaps,wewillbeabletoassembleamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,andifwecanwewill.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorenderitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftware（软件）orbyalteringthearchitecturebutthattoowillhappen.

Ithinkitcertainthatindecades,notcenturies,machinesofsilicon（硅）willarisefirsttorivalandthenexceedtheirhumanancestors.Oncetheyexceedustheywillbecapableoftheirowndesign.Inarealsensetheywillbeabletoreproducethemselves.Siliconwillhaveendedcarbon’slongcontrol.Andwewillnolongerbeabletoclaimourselvestobethefinestintelligenceintheknownuniverse.

Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstandenvironments,harmfultoourselves.Thus,desertsmaybloomandtheoceanbedsbemined.Furtherahead,byacombinationofthegreatwealththisnewagewillbringandthetechnologyitwillprovide,theconstructionofavast,man-createdworldinspace,hometothousandsormillionsofpeople,willbewithinourpower.

16.Inwhatwaycanwemakeamachineintelligent?

A）Bymakingitworkinsuchenvironmentsasdeserts,oceansorspace.

B）Byworkinghardfor10or20years.

C）Byeitherproperlyprogrammingitorchangingitsstructure.

D）Byreproducingit.（C）

17.Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutmachineswithhuman-likeability?

A）Hebelievestheywillbeusefultohumanbeing