主谓一致.docx
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主谓一致
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主谓一致
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在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。
近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近（远）一致原则等三个方面。
一、语法一致原则
只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数，句子的主语意义复数，则谓语用复数。
具体表现如下：
1.不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数。
某些以s结尾的单数名词作主语，仍视为单数。
Nonewsisgoodnews.
Histaskwastocollectinformation.
Howmuchmachineryhasbeeninstalled?
2.表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Whenandwheretogofortheon－salaryholidayhasnotbeendecidedyet.
3.“one,either,neither,eachof＋复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语用单数。
Eitherofthestoriesisveryfunny.
4.something,everything,anything,nothing，somebody,nobody,noone等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。
Nothingisimpossible.
5.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Tenpoundswasmissingfromthebox.
6.aseriesof,akindof,apieceof,apairof等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。
Thispairofglassesisveryexpensive.
Twoseriesofnewstampshavebeenordered.
7.anumberof＋复数名词，“许多……”，复数意义；thenumberof＋复数名词，“……的数目”，单数意义。
thepopulationof…“……的人口数量”作主语时，谓语用单数，但如果是分数、百分数、halfof,therestofthepopulation作主语时，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义，谓语则用复数。
theaverageof…“……的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。
Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisquitelargeandanumberofteachersworkhard.
ThepopulationofChinaislargeandmostofthepopulationarefarmers.
8.主语后with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,besides,aswellas等短语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。
（因为with等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不可能充当主语。
）
Mr.GreentogetherwithhischildrengoestotheparkeverySunday.
9.“the＋adj.”结构指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；如果指个别人或表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。
Thedisabledarewelltakencareofinthiscountry.
Thedeadinthisaccidentwas20,agirlfromNanjingUniversity.
Thenewiscertaintoreplacetheold.
10.分数、百分数、all,some,therest,halfof,mostof,partof等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。
Therestoftheworkersarestillverytired.
11.当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。
另外，当and连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
Warandpeac
eisaconstantthemeinhistory.
ChineseandJapanesesilkareofgoodquality.
英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：
ironandsteel钢铁lawandorder治安
breadandbutter黄油面包awatchandchain一块带链的表
aknifeandfork一副刀叉acoatandtie一件配有领带的上衣
aimandend目的truthandhonesty真诚
12.what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。
Whatsurprisedmemostwashisattitudetowardshisstudy.
13.such作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。
SuchisStephenHawking,whohassufferedagreatdealbutachievedsomuch.
14.quantitiesof＋名词作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。
aquantityof＋名词复数作主语时，谓语用复数。
aquantityof＋不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
amountsof＋不可数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。
anamountof＋不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
Everydayquantitiesofwaterarewasted.
Alargeamountofdamagehasbeendonebecauseofthefloods.
二、逻辑意义一致原则
1.every/each/no＋名词＋andevery/each/no＋名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
Everyboyandeverygirlishavingsportsnow.
2.“one＋单数名词＋andahalf”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Oneappleandahalfwasonthetable.
3.“morethanone＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Morethanonestudenthasfailedtheexam.
4.“manya＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Manyachildwasplayingthere.
【注意】以上四种情况，如果从意义上来讲，主语有复数意义，但由于名词都是以单数形式出现的，故谓语用单数形式，谓语形式上与主语的单数形式一致。
三、就近（远）一致原则
1.谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。
常出现在这类句子中的连词有：
or,not…but…；either…or…，neither…nor…，notonly…butalso…等。
EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.
Neithertheunkindwordsnortheunfriendlyattitudehascausedmeanydistress.
2.在倒装句中谓语可与后面最近的一个主语一致。
Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.
3.当therebe句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.
Therearetwentyboy－studentsandtwenty－threegirl－studentsintheclass.
4.当一个句子是由there或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。
Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperinthedrawer.
5.在定语从句中，关系代词如果在从句中作主语，依先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数形式；在“oneof＋复数名词＋who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，从句中的动词用复数形式；但是之前有the（only）等修饰语时，则从句中的动词用单数形式。
MaryistheonlyoneofthestudentsinourschoolwhohaseverbeentoChina.
6.主语后面跟有“with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,besides,alongwith,including,inadditionto”等引起的短语，谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。
Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.
Awomanwithababywasonthebus.
NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.
ShelikeyouandTom,isverytall.
ThegirlsaswellastheboyhavelearnedtospeakJapanese.
Nooneexceptmyteachersknowsanythingaboutit.
考点聚焦
考点1语法一致
◆动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致
MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths_______alsotrueoftheJohnsons.
A.areB.isC.beingD.tobe
◆one,either,neither,each等+of+复数名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致
—Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,______togo
touniversity.
—SodoI.
A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.hoped
◆由and连接并列主语时的主谓一致
①—Di
dyougototheshowlastnight?
—Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea________invited.
A.wereB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.was
②Apoetandartist________comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
◆定语从句中的主谓一致
Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.
A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen
◆quantitiesof+名词作主语时的主谓一致
Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth______eachyear.
A.iswashingawayB.isbeingwashedaway
C.arewashingawayD.arebeingwashedaway
◆thenumberof与anumberof的区别
①Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonourroads__________risingthesedays.
A.waskeepingB.keepC.keepsD.werekeeping
②Nowadays,alargenumberofwomen,especiallythosefromthecountryside,_______intheclothingindustry.
A.isworkingB.worksC.workD.worked
◆分数、百分数作主语时的主谓一致
①Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third_____usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
②_____ofthelandinthatdistrict______coveredwithtreesandgrass.
A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are
◆倒装句中的主谓一致
①Atthefootofthemountain________.
A.avillagelieB.liesavillageC.doesavillagelieD.lyingavillage
②Ontopofthebooks_______thephotoalbumyou’relookingfor.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
考点2逻辑意义一致
◆表示抽象概念的名词或词组作主语时的主谓一致
Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts_________thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek________goodforone’shealth.
A.show;areB.shows;isC.show;isD.shows;are
◆一些单复数形式相同的名词如作主语时的主谓一致
Everypossiblemeans_____topreventthepollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.
A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused
考点3就近/远一致
◆由连词“or，either…or…，neither…nor…，notonly…butalso…，whether…or…”等连接并列主语时的主谓一致（遵循就近一致原则）
Eitheryouortheheadmaster_______theprizestothosegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.
A.ishandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandout
①Welivedaybyday,butinthegreatthings,thetimeofdaysandweeks_________sosmallthatadayisunimportant.
A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen
②Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren_________ska
tingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.
A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing
高考链接
2009年
1.（天津卷）I’mtryingtobreakthe_______ofgettinguptoolate.
A.traditionB.convenienceC.habitD.leisure
2.（安徽卷）Chinahasgotagoodforfightingagainstthefluwithitscarefulandsmoothorganization.
A.reputationB.influenceC.impressionD.knowledge
3.（福建卷）TheWorldHealthOrganizationgaveawarningtothepublicwithoutanywhenthevirusofH1N1hitMexicoinApril,2009.
A.delayB.effortC.scheduleD.consideration
4.（湖北卷）Hikingbyoneselfcanbefunandgoodforhealth.Itmayalsobegoodfor
______building.
A.respectB.friendshipC.reputationD.character
5.（湖北卷）Inourclass,whenthebellrangandtheteacherclosedhisbook,itwasa______foreveryonetostandup.
A.signalB.chanceC.markD.measure
6.（江西卷）The____________shoeswerecoveredwithmud,soIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotinto__________car.
A.girl’s;Tom’sB.girls’;Toms’C.girls’;Tom’sD.girl’s;Toms’
7.（山东卷）—Hesaysthatmynewcarisa____________ofmoney.
—Don’tyouthinkthosewordsarejustsourgrapes?
A.lackB.loadC.questionD.waste
8.（陕西卷）Formtheir________onthetopoftheTVTower,visitorscanhaveabetterviewofthecity.
A.stage B.position C.condition D.situation
9.（浙江卷）Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasy______tothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.
A.accessB.passageC.wayD.approach
10.（四川卷）Theteachertogetherwiththestudents________discussingReadingSkillsthat________newlypublishedinAmerica.
A.are;wereB.is;wereC.are;wasD.is;was
11.（湖南卷）Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents______toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.
A.areB.isC.haveD.be
12.（江苏卷）ThepopulationofJiangsu__ tomorethantwicewhatitwasin1949.Thefigureisnowapproaching74million.
A.hasgrown B.havegrown C.grew D.aregrowing
13.（江西卷）Atpresent,oneoftheapartmentsinfavorofthenewairport________thatitwillgoingalotjobstothearea.
A.isB.areC.willbeD.were
14.（山东卷）ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities________risingsteadilysince1990.
A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen
15.（陕西卷）Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,visitBeijingthissummer.
A.isgoingtoB.aregoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.weregoingto
16.（四川卷）Theteachertogetherwiththestudents________discussingReadingSkillsthat________newlypublishedinAmerica.
A.are;wereB.is;wereC.are;wasD.is;was
2010年
1.（安徽卷）Ihaven’tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl,andshehascha
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