清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试英语试题.docx

清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试英语试题.docx

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清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试英语试题

清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2021年1月英语试题

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一、阅读选择

FouroftheOldestBuildingsintheWorld

KnapofHowar

OneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworldistheKnapofHowar,whichdatesbackto3700-3500BCE.Thefarmhouseisoneoftheoldest,still-standingstonehousesinEurope.Itincludestwostonehomeslinkedthroughahiddenpassageandjointwalls.ArchaeologistssayIrishorScottishmonkscouldbethefirstbuildersandresidentsoftheKnapofHowar.Althoughthehouseisstillstanding,theseabandonedplacesaroundtheworldarebettercandidatesforrestoration.

ĠgantijaTemples

TheMegalithicTemplesofMalta,ortheĠgantijaTemples,datebackto3600to3200BCE.ThetwotemplesontheislandofMaltaareUNESCOWorldHeritagesites.It’soneoftheoldestfree-standingmonumentsintheworld.Archaeologiststhinkthetemplewasusedforritualanimalsacrifices.

Shunetel-Zebib

Shunetel-Zebibispartiallystanding,butmostlyinruins.It’sstill,however,oneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworld.TheEgyptiantemplebuiltin2750BCEisofmudandbrick.Ithasanundergroundtombaswellasanabove-groundcomplex.Architecturally,it’sanodtotheEgyptianpyramidssoontocome.

TombofCyrus

Builtin530BCE,theTombofCyrusisoneofIran’sWorldHeritageSitesandoneoftheoldestbuildingsontheplanet.It’salsobelievedtobeoneofthefirstearthquake-protectedstructuresintheworld,accordingtoAtlasObscura.Thebaseisolatingusedonthetombprotectsthemainstructurefrommovingapartfromthefoundation.

1．Whatdothefourbuildingshaveincommon?

A．AllofthemarelocatedinEurope.

B．Allofthemaremadeofstoneandmud.

C．AllofthemareUNESCOWorldHeritageSites.

D．AllofthemwerebuiltbeforethebirthofChrist.

2．Whichofthefourbuildingsmaybethestrongest?

A．KnapofHowar.B．ĠgantijaTemples.

C．Shunetel-Zebib.D．TombofCyrus.

3．WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?

A．Shunetel-Zebibisearthquakeprotected.

B．TombofCyrushasanundergroundtomb.

C．ĠgantijaTemplesarebuiltbyIrishmonks.

D．KnapofHowarmaybetheoldestbuildingamongthefour.

Inthesummerof2010,DeborahBarrettandherson,Anthony,walkedoutofarestaurantnearthe

Edmontonhighschoolfromwhichhe’dgraduatedtwoyearsearlier.TheyhadvolunteeredtowashdishestheretogiveAnthonysomethingtodo,butwhentheywentout,thesunslicedthroughthecloudsandDeborahhadarealization:

mykidisnotspendinghislifeinadishpit.

Cleaningplatesisn’ttheonlyoptionforhigh-schoolgraduates.ButAnthonyhasautism（自闭症）andismostlynon-verbal,asidefromshortwordsinanswertoyes-or-noquestionsandtheEeeeesoundshemakeswhenhe’sexcited,happyorfrustrated.Onceapersonwithintellectualdisabilitiesagesoutofschool,“There’snolifeforthem,”Deborahsays.Programsend,andjobsareusuallyhumble.

Ashersonenteredhis20s,Deborahthoughtaboutwhathecoulddoandwhatheenjoyed.Amonghislikes:

beingdrivenaroundandcarryingthings,aswellasseeingnewplacesbutnotstayinglong.Maybehecouldbeacourier?

Thecatch:

Anthonydoesn’tmovefast,andcourierjobswouldrequirehissupportstafftobehisdriverandco-worker.

Thatwasn’tanissueforMikeHamm.In2012,hebecameAnthony’snewassistantandembracedtheplanofspendingpartoftheirdaysdeliveringpackagesasateam.ThepaircalledtheirventureAnthonyatYourService,signedafewcustomersandsetoutinHamm’slorry.

Sevenyearslater,boxesawaitingdistributionarepiledontheporchofthehome.Anthony,30,shareswithDeborahandherhusband,David,alawyer.Thecompanynowhastwo-dozendeliveryteams—eachcomprisingacontractorwithanintellectualdisabilityandtheirsupport-workercontractor—inEdmontonandCalgary.

Launchingacompanythatemploys24contractorswithintellectualdisabilities,andallthelogisticsthatcomealongwiththat,wasn’ttheoriginalplan,Deborahsays.Buttherealitiesofdeliverywork—thepeaksandvalleysindemand,thelonghours—meantthatAnthonyandHammcouldn’tshouldertheloadalone.AndthefeedbackshereceivedfromAlberta’sautisticandintellectuallydisabledcommunitiessuggestedtheywantedtoworkforacompanythatunderstoodthem.

RunningAnthonyatYourServicehasbecomeDeborah’sfull-time,andshegaveupherpsychotherapypracticeandthepresidencyofAutismSocietyAlbertaacoupleyearsago.“WhatI’mdoingforAnthonynowhasmademoredifferenceinhislifethananyofthatotherwork,”shesays.“Wewanttocreatejobsforpeoplewithallkindsofabilitiesanddisabilities.”

4．What’sthefutureofthepersonswithintellectualdisabilitiesaccordingtoDeborah?

A．Theywilllosetheirlives.

B．Theywillgetwell-paidjobs.

C．Theywillcleanplatesinrestaurants.

D．Theywillfindithardtofindadecentjob.

5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“courier”meaninthe3rdparagraph?

A．Accountant.B．Barber.

C．Deliveryman.D．Engineer.

6．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A．Davidlaunchedthecompanyforhisson.

B．Anthony’scontractorsaremainlydisabled.

C．Deborahgaveupheroriginaljobunwillingly.

D．MikeHammisanintellectuallydisabledperson.

7．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeDeborahBarrett?

A．Accessible.B．Caring.

C．Humorous.D．Modest.

Jellyfishareunusualcreatures.They’reneitherfishnorjelly.Someareamongthemostcolourfulcreaturesintheworld,butit’sbesttolookbutnottouchtheseinvertebrates（无脊椎动物）.Notonlyaretheyveryfragilecreatures,butmanygiveapainfulsting,andsomeareevendeadly.Whetheryouadmiretheminanaquariumortrytoavoidtheminthewild,youwon’tbeabletogetthesefascinatingjellyfishfactsoutofyourhead.

Here’sajellyfishfactthatmightcomeinhandy:

Thereareseveralnamesforagroupofjellyfish.Theyincludesmack,bloom,andswarm.Choosethewordyoupreferdependingonwhetheryouthinkthejellyfishpacklookslikeagardenofbloomingflowersormorelikeafrighteningpackofstingers,andwhetheryou’readmiringthematanaquariumorifyouandyourfellowsnorkelersaresurrounded.

Jellyfishhavetwomainformsintheirlifecyclethatlookquitedifferentfromeachother.ScientificAmericanexplainsthatanadultjellyfish,calledamedusa,hasabell-shapedbodywithtentacles（触须）flowingdownbelowit.Youngjellyfish,calledpolyps,lookmorelikeseaanemones,withshortertentaclesthatflowupabovethemainbody.Medusasreproducebyreleasingeggs.

MelanieRoberts,SeniorAquaristatSeaWorldOrlando,saysthatthelargestjellyfishintheworldisalion’smanejellyfish.Thebodyofthisbeautifulorangejellycangrowuptothreefeetindiameter.Withits12,000tentaclesthatcangrow120feetlong,Oceana.orgaddsthatthelion’smanejellycomparesinsizetotheplanet’slargestanimal:

thebluewhale.

Regardlessoftheirsize,jellyfisharemostlymadeofwater.Infact,they’reabout95percentwater.Thesecreaturesdon’thavebrains,blood,orbones.Andmostjellyfishdon’thaveeyes.Jellyfishalsousetheirmouthsbothforeatingandforwasteremoval.

8．Whycan’twetouchjellyfish?

A．Becausetheymaybestung.

B．Becausetheymaydieeasily.

C．Becausetheymayfeelpainful.

D．Becausetheymayhurtpeople.

9．Whatarejellyfishnamedafter?

A．Itssize.B．Itscolor.

C．Itsappearance.D．Itslifestyle.

10．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A．Mouthisanimportantorganforjellyfish.

B．Polypscanclonethemselvesbylayingeggs.

C．Thelargestjellyfishintheworldis120feetlong.

D．Medusashavetentaclesflowingupabovethebody.

11．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A．Severalfactsaboutjellyfish.

B．Thetwomainformsofjellyfish.

C．Jellyfishareneitherfishnorjelly.

D．Jellyfishhavemanydifferentnames.

Anytimeweburnfossilfuels,we’repumpingfineparticulatematter（细颗粒物）fromoil,gasand

othertoxins（毒素）intotheair.“Someofthesecarbonparticlescanpersistinthelungsfordecades,”saysDr.DonSin,arespirologistanddirectoroftheCentreforHeartLungInnovationinVancouver.

Over7,000Canadiansdiedfromcomplicationsduetopoorairqualityin2015.AstudyintheEuropeanHeartJournalearlierthisyearfoundthatairpollutionnowkills8.8millionpeopleworldwideperyear—morethantobaccosmoking.

Sinaddsthatwomen’slungsseemparticularlyeasytogetcancerfrompollution.Currently,10,000

Canadianwomendieoflungcancereveryyear,and15percentofnewcasesarepeoplewhohaveneversmoked.“InCanada,lung-cancerdeathsinfemalenon-smokerswillverysoonprobablyoutnumberthedeathsfrombreastcancer,becauselungcancerissodeadly,”hesays.

Contributingtoairpollutionarethe8,000wildfiresweexperienceeveryyearinCanada,likethosethatdestroyedlargeareasofAlbertathispastspring.Theseareincreasinginfrequencyandintensitywithourhotter,drierspells.AstudyintheCanadianJournalofEmergencyMedicinefoundthatprescriptionsforanasthmaandCOPDdrugroseby22percentintheYellowkniferegioninthesummerof2014,whenitwassurroundedbywildfiresmoke.ThenumberofERvisitsforbreathingproblemswas42percenthigher;forchildren,itmorethandoubled.

Anotherthreattobreathingismould,whichisaconcerninareaswithrepeatedflooding,suchasaroundNewBrunswick’sSaintJohnRiver,wherefloodwatershavebeeninhomesfortwoyearsinarowanddisplacedmorethan200families.Mouldsproducetoxinsandsporesthatcantriggerallergicreactionsorinfectionsiftakenin.Risingsealevelsandincreasedurbandevelopment,combinedwithintenserainfalls,meanwewillseealotmoreofit.