英国议会制辩论规则及其辩论方法.docx
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英国议会制辩论规则及其辩论方法
IDEAFour-TeamParliamentaryDebateRules
IDEA议会制四队辩论赛规则
TherulesofIDEAFour-TeamParliamentaryDebateareintendedtocloselyfollowthoseoftheWorldsUniversitiesDebatingChampionships（WUDC）.TheydifferinsomeplacestoprovidetournamentdirectorsoptionsofdeviatingfromtheWUDCruleswhentheyneedtodoso.
IDEA议会制四队辩论赛谨遵循世界大专辩论赛（WUDC）的规
贝农两者略有不冋之处，以便比赛主办方根据需要灵活操作。
TheTeamsandMotions
TheteamssupportingthemotionintheIDEAFour-TeamParliamentaryDebatearereferredtoasthe"Proposition."Theteamsarguingagainstthemotionareknownasthe"Opposition"teams.
A“motion”isthestatementaroundwhichthedebatetakesplace.ThemoticdividesthegroundinthedebatebetweenthePropositionandOppositionteamsandshouldallowforreasonableargumentsbothforandagainst.
Ordinarily,motionsareannouncedshortlybeforeeachdebatebegins.Adifferentmotionwillbeusedforeachdebateandwillbepresentedtothedebatersataspecifiedtime,usuallyfifteentothirtyminutespriortothedebate.Insomesituationsgeneraltopicareas（forexample“environmentor“international
relationsorpvenspecificmotionsthemselvesmaybeannouncedpriortothe
tournament.
参赛队伍及辩题
在IDEA议会制四队辩论赛中，支持辩题的队伍为“正方”，反对辩
题的队伍为“反方”。
“辩题”，即辩论所围绕展开的议题。
辩题将辩手分为正反两方，且"双方均有合理辩论的余地。
通常，辩题于各轮比赛开始前十五或二十分钟公布；每轮辩题均不相同。
有时，辩题范围（如“环境问题”，“国际关系”等）甚至辩题本
身也会在大赛开始前公布。
Themotionwillbeannouncedtoalldebaterssimultaneouslyinacentrallocation.Preparationtimewillbebetweenfifteenandthirtyminutes,atthediscretionofthetournamentdirector.Ingeneral,debatersmayconferwiththeirdebatepartnerduringpreparationtime.Insomecases,aTournamentDirectormayallowdebaterstoconferwiththeircoachortutor.Duringthistimethedebatersmayconsultanywrittenmaterials.TherulesoftheWorldUniversitiesDebatingChampionshipspermitdebaterstoaccessanywrittenmaterialduringthedebate;othertournamentspermitthedebaterstoaccessonlythenotestheymadeinpreparationtime.Electronicretrievaldevicestypicallyarenotallowedduring
preparation,thoughelectronicdictionariestypicallyarepermittedforsecond-languagespeakers.
辩题将在一个中央地点向所有辩手公布。
准备时间为十五至三十分钟，由大赛主办方规定。
通常，辩手在准备时间内可以与自己的搭档讨论。
某些情况下，主办方也允许辩手与教练或带队老师讨论。
此间，辩手可以参阅任何纸质资料。
世界大专辩论赛允许辩手在辩论过程中使用任何纸质材料；而其他比赛仅允许辩手在准备时间内使用事前准备好的资料。
准备期间，通常可以使用电子词典，但禁止使用其它一切电子设备。
辩论模式
每场辩论由四队参加：
正方两队，反方两队。
各队独立准备。
每
队两名辩手，每位辩手按如下顺序陈词，不超过7分钟。
辩论模式简要
TheDebateFormat
Fourteamsparticipateineachdebate:
twoonthePropositionandtwoonthe
Opposition.Eachteamworksindependentlytoeithersupportoropposethe
motion.Eachteamismadeupoftwospeakers;eachspeakerwillpresentaspeechnottoexceed7minutesintheorderprescribedbelow.
SummaryoftheDebateFormat
Team
CommonTitlesforSpeaker
Time
1stProposition,1stSpeaker
“PrimeMinister”
7minutes
1stOpposition,1st
Speaker
“LeaderoftheOpposition”
7minutes
1Proposition,
2ndSpeaker
“DeputyPrimeMinister
7minutes
1stOpposition,
2ndSpeaker
“DeputyLeaderoftheOpposition
7mmutes
2ndProposition,
1stSpeaker
“MemberfortheGovernment”
7minutes
2ndOpposition,
1stSpeaker
“MemberfortheOpposition”
7minutes
2ndProposition,
2ndSpeaker
“GovernmentWhip”
7minutes
2ndOpposition,
2ndSpeaker
“OppositionWhip
7minutes
辩手
辩手名称
时间
正方一队，一辩
首相"PrimeMinister"
7分钟
反方一队，一辩
反对党领袖"LeaderoftheOpposition"
7分钟
正方一队，一辩
副首相"DeputyPrimeMinister"
7分钟
反方一队，二辩
反对党副领袖"DeputyLeaderoftheOpposition"
7分钟
正方二队，一辩
内阁成员"MemberfortheGovernment"
7分钟
反方二队，一辩
反对党成员"MemberfortheOpposition"
7分钟
正方二队，二辩
内阁党鞭陈词"GovernmentWhip"
7分钟
反方二队，二辩
反对党党鞭陈词"OppositionWhip"
7分钟
ParliamentaryPointsofInformation
Debatersmayofferapointofinformation（eitherverballyorbyrising）atanytimeafterthefirstminute,andbeforethelastminute,ofanyspeech.Thedebaterholdingthefloormayacceptorrefusepointsofinformation.Ifaccepted,thedebatermakingtherequesthasfifteensecondspresentthepointofinformation.Duringthepointofinformation,thespeakingtimeofthefloordebatercontinues.
Ifaccepted,thedebaterofferingthepointofinformationisallowedtoaskaquestion,offerabriefargument,orofferabriefrefutationofsomepoint.Thedebaterwhoacceptedthepointofinformationshouldrespondtothepointimmediately.
Nootherparliamentarypointssuchaspointsoforderorpointsofpersonalprivilegeareallowed.
议会制辩论质询
在所有陈词中，除第一分钟及最后一分钟外，辩手都可以口头示意或直接起立提出质询。
正在发言的辩手可以接受或拒绝该质询。
一旦质询被接受，质询者有15秒的时间陈述自己的意见。
质询时间将被计算在陈词时间内。
如质询被接受，质询者可以提问、提出一个简要论点或者对某一观点进行简要反驳。
正在发言的辩手应该立即对质询作出回应。
议会制辩论中只允许质询这一种干预形式。
SpeakerRolesandSpeechPurposes
Eachspeakerhasaroleandeachspeechshouldhaveapurpose.Thedescriptionsofspeakerrolesandspeechpurposeslistedbelowaresuggestiveandarenotintendedtobeexhaustiveorexclusive.Forreasonsthatvaryfromdebatetodebate,speakersmaysometimesneedtofulfillrolesnotmentionedhereandspeechesmaybeconstructedtoserveotherpurposesaslongaspropositionspeakersaffirmthepropositionandoppositionspeakersopposeit.Debaterswillbejudgedontheoverallstrengthofeachteam'sarguments,notsimplyonwhethe
fulfilledtherolesandresponsibilitieslistedinthetablebelow.
Allspeakers,exceptthefinalspeakersforthepropositionandopposition（PropositionandOppositionWhips）,shouldintroducenewmaterialintothedebate.Alldebaters,excepttheopeningspeaker（PrimeMinister）,shouldengageinrefutation.
SummaryofSpeakerRolesandResponsibilities
辩手职责以及陈词目的
每位辩手在辩论中各司其职，每一次陈词也各有其目的。
下表列出了辩手职责和陈词目的，但无法穷尽，也非硬性规定。
根据每场辩论的具体情况，辩手可能需要履行下表未提及的职责，陈词目的也可能有所变化，但只要遵循“正方维护辩题、反方攻击辩题”的规则即可。
裁判将根据各队论点的有力程度为各辩手评分，而不是简单地根据其完庵自己职责的程度评分。
以下列出的职责仅供参考。
除正反方最后一名辩手（内阁党鞭和反对党党鞭）外，所有的辩手都应引入新内容。
除正方一辩（首相）外，所有辩手都应进行反驳。
Team
FirstProposition
Speaker“PrimeMinister
RolesandResponsibilities
TheprimaryroleofFirstPropositionteam,initiatedinthisspeech,istoestablishthefoundationformeaningfuldebateonthemotion.
ThePrimeMinister'responsibilitiesmay
includesomeorallofthefollowing:
1）offerareasonableinterpretationofthemotion,2）topresentacasesupportingthat
interpretation.AcaseissimplyoneormoreargumentssupportingtheFirstPropositioninterpretationofthemotion,and
3）otherstrategiesdeemedimportantbythePrimeMinister.
FirstOpposition
Leaderofthe
TheprimaryrolesoftheFirstOppositionteamaretoconfronttheFirstGovernmentcaseandtoestablishtheFirstOpposition
辩手职责及义务小结
队伍
辩手
职责与义务
正方一队
's
首相
正方一队的首要任务是为一场有意义的辩论打造一个平台。
首相的职责可参考以下数点：
1）合理诠释辩题，下定义；
2）给出支持该论点的论证体系。
论证体系是指支持第一正方论点的一个或数个论据；
3）使用任何首相认为重要的策略。
strategyforopposingthiscase.
TheLeaderoftheOpposition's
responsibilitiesmayineludesomeorallofthefollowing:
:
1）todirectlyorindirectlyrefutepartorallofthegovernment'scase,
2）tomakeatleastoneargumentthat
demonstrateswhytheFirstOppositionteamopposesthemotionasinterpretedbythePrimeMinister,and
3）topursueotherstrategiesdeemed
importantbythe“LeaderoftheOpposit
Theoppositionspeakermayalsochallengetheinterpretationofthegovernment'scaseifitisunreasonable,thatis,ifitcompletelymisinterpretsthemotionthemotionorseverelyinhibitsmeaningfuldebate.
on.
es
s
s
反方一队
反对党领袖
反方一队的首要职责在于回应正方一队提出的论证体系；并给出反对辩题的原因。
反对党领袖的职责可参考以下数占：
八、、♦
1）直接或间接反驳正方部分或全部论证体系；
2）至少给出一个理由，阐明反方为何反对首相诠释的辩题；
3）使用任何反对党领袖认为重要的策略。
必要时，反对党领袖可以质疑正方给出的辩题定义，如正方给出定义完全不合理或严重影响辩论质量。
质疑定义只能正方在极端曲解辩题时使用。
FirstProposition
“Deputy
PrimeMinister”
TheDeputyPrimeMinister'sresponsibilitmayincludesomeorallofthefollowing:
1）toreestablishtheFirstPropositioncasebyconfrontinganyrefutationpresentedbytheLeaderoftheOpposition,
2）torefutesomeoralloftheargumentspresentedbytheLeaderoftheOpposition.
3）tofurtherdevelopthecasepresentedbythePrimeMinister,and
4）otherstrategiesdeemedimportantbytheDeputyPrimeMinister.
正方一队
副首相
副首相的职责参考如下：
1）攻击反对党领袖对正方提出的反驳，并重新建立起正方论据；
2）反驳反方提出的部分或所有论据；
FirstOpposition
"DeputyLeaderoftheOpposition"
TheDeputyLeaderoftheOppositionresponsibilitiesmayincludesomeorallofthefollowing:
1）tocontinuerefutationinitiatedbytheLeaderoftheOpposition,
2）toreestablishtheLeaderofOppositionargumentsagainstthemotion,
3）toinitiateanewargumentagainstthemotionasinterpretedbytheFirstPropositionteam,and
4）topurseotherstrategiesasdeemedimportantbytheDeputyLeaderoftheOpposition.
TheprimaryrolesoftheSecondPropositionteamaretosupporttheFirstPropositionteamwhilesimultaneouslymovingthepropositionpositioninanewandpositivedirection.
TheresponsibilitiesoftheMemberoftheGovernmentmayincludesomeorallofthefollowing:
1）tobrieflysupportthecasedevelopedbytheFirstPropositionteam,
2）tointroduceadifferentargument,
sometimescalleda“caseextension
consistentwithyetdifferentfromthecaseintroducedbytheFirstPropositionteam,and
3）
topursueotherstrategiesdeemedimportantbytheMemberoftheGovernment.TheprimaryrolesoftheSecondOppositionteamaretosupporttheFirstOppositionteamwhilesimultaneouslymovingtheoppositionpositioninanewandpositivedirection.
TheresponsibilitiesoftheMemberoftheOppositionmayincludesomeorallofthefollowing:
1）tobrieflysupportoneormoreargumentsintroducedbytheFirstOpposition
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