SYLLABUSOFTHE.docx

SYLLABUSOFTHE.docx

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SYLLABUSOFTHE

SYLLABUSOFTHE

INTERNATIONALCHEMISTRYOLYMPIAD

PartITheoreticalpart

Level1:

Thesetopicsareincludedintheoverwhelmingmajorityofsecondaryschoolchemistryprogramsandneednotbementionedinthepreparatoryproblems.

Level2:

Thesetopicsareincludedinasubstantialnumberofsecondaryschoolprogramsandmaybeusedwithoutexemplificationinthepreparatoryproblems.

Level3:

Thesetopicsarenotincludedinthemajorityofsecondaryschoolprogramsandcanonlybeusedinthecompetitionifexamplesaregiveninthepreparatoryproblems.

1.Theatom原子结构

1.1.

Introduction

1.1.1.

Countingofnucleons原子核序数

1

1.1.2.

Isotopes同位素

1

1.2.

Thehydrogenatom

1.2.1.

Conceptofenergylevels能级的概念

1

1.2.2.

Shapeofs-orbitalss轨道的形状

1

1.2.3.

Shapeandorientationofp-orbitalsp轨道的形状和取向

1

1.2.4.

Shapeandorientationofd-orbitalsd轨道的形状和取向

3

1.2.5.

UnderstandingthesimplestSchrodingerequation

3

1.2.6.

Squareofthewavefunctionandprobability波函数的平方和几率

3

1.2.7.

Quantumnumbers（n,l,ml）

3

1.3.

Radioactivity放射性

1.3.1.

Typesofradioactivity

1

1.3.2.

Radioactivedecay放射性衰变

1

1.3.3.

Nuclearreactions核反应

2

2.Chemicalbonding化学键

2.1.

VSEPR–Simplemolecularstructureswith

2.1.1.

nomorethanfourelectronpairsaboutcentralatom

1

2.1.2.

withcentralatomexceedingthe“octetrule”八隅律

3

2.2.

Delocalizationandresonance离域和共振

3

2.3.

Hybridorbitaltheory杂化轨道理论

3

2.4.

Molecularorbitaltheory分子轨道理论

2.4.1.

molecularorbitaldiagram（H2molecule）

3

2.4.2.

molecularorbitaldiagram（N2andO2molecules）

3

2.4.3.

bondordersinO2,O2–,O2+

3

2.4.4.

unpairedelectronsandparamagnetism未成对电子和顺磁性

3

3.Chemicalcalculations

3.1.1.

Balancingequations

1

3.1.2.

Stoichiometriccalculations

1

3.1.3.

Massandvolumerelations（includingdensity）

1

3.1.4.

Empiricalformula实验式

1

3.1.5.

Avogadro’snumber

1

3.1.6.

Concentrationcalculations浓度计算

1

4.Periodictrends周期律

4.1.

Electronconfiguration电子构型

4.1.1.

Pauliexclusionprinciple

1

4.1.2.

Hund’sRule

1

4.1.3.

Maingroupelements

1

4.1.4.

Transitionmetalelements

1

4.1.5.

Lanthanideandactinidemetals

3

4.2.

Electronegativity电负性

1

4.3.

Electronaffinity电子亲和能

2

4.4.

Firstionizationenergy第一电离能

1

4.5.

Atomicsize

1

4.6.

Ionsize

1

4.7.

Highestoxidationnumber

1

5.InorganicChemistry

5.1.

Introduction

5.1.1.

Trendsinphysicalpropertiesofelements（Maingroups）

5.1.1.1.

meltingpoint

1

5.1.1.2.

boilingpoint

1

5.1.1.3.

metalcharacter

1

5.1.1.4.

magneticproperties

3

5.1.1.5.

electricalconductivity导电性

2

5.1.2.

Oxidationnumber

1

5.1.3.

Nomenclature

5.1.3.1.

maingroupcompounds

1

5.1.3.2.

transitionmetalcompounds

1

5.1.3.3.

simplemetalcomplexes

3

5.2.

Groups1and2一二族

5.2.1.

Trendinreactivityof（heavyelementsmorereactive）

1

5.2.2.

Productsofreactionwith

5.2.2.1.

water

1

5.2.2.2.

Halogens卤素

1

5.2.2.3.

oxygen

2

5.2.3.

Basicityofoxides氧化物的酸碱性

1

5.2.4.

Propertiesofhydrides氢化物的性质

3

5.2.5.

Othercompounds,propertiesandoxidationstates

3

5.3.

Groups13–18andHydrogen

5.3.1.

Binarymolecularcompoundsofhydrogen二元氢化物

5.3.1.1.

Formulae

1

5.3.1.2.

Acid-basepropertiesofCH4,NH3,H2O,H2S

1

5.3.1.3.

Otherproperties

3

5.3.2.

Pblockelementsp区元素

Group13（Borongroup）

5.3.2.1

Theoxidationstateofboron硼andaluminium铝intheiroxides氧化物andchlorides氯化物is+3

1

5.3.2.2.

Theacid-basepropertiesofaluminiumoxide/hydroxide

2

5.3.2.3.

Reactionofboron（III）oxidewithwater

3

5.3.2.4.

Reactionofboron（III）chloridewithwater

3

5.3.2.5.

Othercompounds,propertiesandoxidationstates

3

5.3.3.

Group14（Carbongroup）

5.3.3.1.

TheoxidationstateofSiinitschlorideandoxideis+4

1

5.3.3.2.

The+2and+4oxidationstatesofcarbon,tin锡andlead铅,theacid-baseandredox氧化-还原propertiesoftheoxidesandchlorides

2

5.3.3.3.

Othercompounds,propertiesandoxidationstates

3

5.3.4.

Group15（Nitrogengroup）

5.3.4.1.

Phosphorus磷（+5）oxideandchloride,andtheirreactionwithwater

2

5.3.4.2.

Phosphorus（+3）oxideandchloride,andtheirreactionwithwater

2

5.3.4.3.

Oxidesofnitrogen

a.ReactionofNOtoformNO2

1

b.Dimerization二聚ofNO2

1

c.ReactionofNO2withwater

1

5.3.4.4.

Redoxpropertiesof

a.HNO3andnitrates硝酸盐

1

b.HNO2andNH2NH2

3

5.3.4.5.

Bi（+5）andBi（+3）

3

5.3.4.6.

Othercompounds,propertiesandoxidationstates

3

5.3.5.

Group16（Oxygengroup）

5.3.5.1.

The+4and+6oxidationstatesofsulfur,reactionoftheiroxideswithwater,propertiesoftheiracids

1

5.3.5.2.

Reactionofthiosulfate硫代硫酸根anionwithI2

3

5.3.5.3.

Othercompounds,propertiesandoxidationstates

3

5.3.6.

Group17（Halogens）

5.3.6.1.

Reactivityandoxidant氧化strengthdecreasesfromF2toI2

1

5.3.6.2.

Acid-basepropertiesofthehydrogenhalides卤化氢

1

5.3.6.3.

Theoxidationstateoffluorine氟initscompoundsis–1

1

5.3.6.4.

The–1,+1,+3,+5,+7oxidationstatesofchlorine

1

5.3.6.5.

Mononuclear单核的oxoanionsofchlorine

2

5.3.6.6.

Reactionsofhalogenswithwater

3

5.3.6.7.

ReactionofCl2OandCl2O7withwater

3

5.3.6.8.

Othercompounds,propertiesandoxidationstates

3

5.3.7.

Group18（Raregases）

3

5.4.

Transitionelements

5.4.1.

Commonoxidationstatesofcommontransitionmetals:

Cr（+2）,Cr（+3）Mn（+2）,Mn（+4）,Mn（+7）Ag（+1）

Fe（+2）,Fe（+3）Co（+2）Zn（+2）

Hg（+1）,Hg（+2）Cu（+1）,Cu（+2）Ni（+2）

1

5.4.2.

Coloursofionslistedaboveinaqueoussolution水溶液中的颜色

2

5.4.3.

Insolubility不溶性ofAg,HgandCuinHCl

2

5.4.4.

M2+arisingbydissolutionoftheothermetalsinHCl

2

5.4.5.

Cr（OH）3andZn（OH）2areamphoteric两性的andtheother+2

oxides/hydroxides氧化物和氢氧化物ofthemetalslistedabovearebasic

2

5.4.6.

MnO4–andCr2O72–arestrongoxidantsinacidsolution

1

5.4.7.

pHdependenceofproductsofMnO4–actingasoxidant

2

5.4.8.

InterconversionbetweenCrO42–andCr2O72–

3

5.4.9.

Othercompounds,propertiesandoxidationstates

3

5.5.

Lanthanidesandactinides

3

5.6.

Coordination配位chemistryincludingstereochemistry立体化学

5.6.1.

Definitionofcoordinationnumber

1

5.6.2.

Writingequationsforcomplexationreactionsgivenallformulae

1

5.6.3.

Formulaeofcommoncomplexions

5.6.3.1.

Ag（NH3）2+

1

5.6.3.2.

Ag（S2O3）23–

3

5.6.3.3.

FeSCN2+

3

5.6.3.4.

Cu（NH3）42+

1

5.6.3.5.

Othercomplexions

3

5.6.4.

（6.5）Ligandfieldtheory（egandt2gterms,highandlowspin自旋）

3

5.6.5.

Stereochemistry立体化学

5.6.5.1.

（6.7）cisandtrans

3

5.6.5.2.

Enantiomers对映体

3

5.7.

Selectedindustrialprocesses

5.7.1.

PreparationofH2SO4

1

5.7.2.

PreparationofNH3

1

5.7.3.

PreparationofNa2CO3

2

5.7.4.

PreparationofCl2andNaOH

2

5.7.5.

PreparationofHNO3

2

6.Physicalchemistry

6.1.

Gases

6.1.1.

Idealgaslaw理想气体定律

1

6.1.2.

vanderWaal’sgaslaw范德华气体定律

3

6.1.3.

definitionofpartialpressure分压的定义

2

6.1.4.

Dalton’sLaw道尔顿定律

3

6.2.

Thermodynamics热力学

6.2.1.

FirstLaw热力学第一定律

6.2.1.1.

Conceptofsystemandsurroundings体系和环境

2

6.2.1.2.

Energy,heatandwork

2

6.2.2.

Enthalpy焓

6.2.2.1.

Relationshipbetweeninternalenergyandenthalpy内能和焓的关系

3

6.2.2.2.

Definitionofheatcapacity热容的定义

2

6.2.2.3.

DifferencebetweenCpandCv（idealgasonly）

3

6.2.2.4.

Enthalpyisastateproperty（Hess’sLaw）

2

6.2.2.5.

Born-Habercycleforioniccompounds离子化合物

3

6.2.2.6.

Useofstandardformationenthalpies

2

6.2.2.7.

Enthalpiesofsolutionandsalvation溶解/稀释焓

3

6.2.2.8.

Bondenthalpies（definitionanduse）键焓

2

6.2.3.

SecondLaw（EntropyandFreeEnergy）

6.2.3.1.

Entropydefinition（dq/T）熵的定义

3

6.2.3.2.

Entropyanddisorder熵和混乱度

3

6.2.3.3.

Entropydefinition（S=klnW）熵的定义

3

6.2.3.4.

Gibbsenergydefinition（∆G=∆H–T∆S）

3

6.2.3.5.

Using∆Gtopredictdirectionofnatural自发change

3

6.2.3.6.

Relationshipbetween∆G︒andequilibriumconstantK

3

6.3.

Equilibrium平衡

6.3.1.

Acid-base酸碱平衡

6.3.1.1.

Arrheniusdefinitionsofacidsandbases

1

6.3.1.2.

Bronsted-Lowrydefinitions

1

6.3.1.3.

Conjugateacidsandbases

1

6.3.1.4.

pHdefinition

1

6.3.1.5.

Kw