情态动词mustcancouldmaymight表推测的用法.docx
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情态动词mustcancouldmaymight表推测的用法
情态动词must--can--could--may--might表推测的用法
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情态动词must, can,could,may,might
表推测的用法:
情态动词中的must,can,could,may,might都表推测。
其中must的可能性最大,can/could次之,may/might最小。
具体用法如下:
1. must的用法ﻫ
(1)表示推测“可能性”时,意思是“一定、准是”,语气较肯定,较有把握。
Hemust beAmerican.=Itis certainthat heisAmerican.他准是个美国人。
(2)must表推测只能用于肯定句。
如果要表示“一定不、肯定不”的意思时,应用can`t,如询问某种可能时,应用can。
Hemustknowmyaddress.他肯定知道我的地址。
(一定) ﻫHecan`tknowmyaddress.他肯定不知道我的地址。
(一定不)
Canheknowmyaddress?
他知道我的地址吗?
(询问可能性)ﻫ(3)must表示推测时,可以推测现在/正在发生的动作/过去发生的动作。
ﻫHe must haveacarnow.(现在)他一定有辆小汽车。
Hemustbe doinghisexercises intheclassroom.(正在进行)他一定在教室里做练习。
ﻫHemusthavefinished thework.(过去发生)他一定已完成了工作。
ﻫ注:
must表示推测时很少用于将来的情况。
一般不用Hemustcometomorrow.可用It`s certain/I`msurethathe willcometomorrow.ﻫ(4)在反意疑问句中,当附属部分含有表示推测意义的must时,疑问部分的助动词应与must后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。
He mustbeaworker,isn`the?
(现在)他准时个工人,是吗?
Itmusthave rained lastnight,didn`tit?
(过去)昨晚一定下雨了,是不是?
Youmust havelearned Englishfor manyyears,haven`tyou?
(完成时)你一定学了好多年英语,是吗?
2. can / could的用法
(1)can表示推测“可能性”时,往往用于否定句或疑问句。
Can`t“一定不”,语气很肯定。
can在疑问句中意思是“会、可能”。
ﻫHe can`t beathome.=Itisimpossiblethatheisat home.他一定不在家。
(2)can/can`t后可接进行时/完成时,表示对现在发生的动作或过去发生的动作进行推测。
Theycan`t bereadingin thelibrary. 他们一定不在图书馆读书。
ﻫHecan`thavegonetoShanghaiforIsawhimaminuteago.
他不可能去了上海,我刚才还看见他。
ﻫIt`s solate.Wherecanshehavegone?
天晚了,她可能去哪儿了呢?
ﻫ(3)在反意疑问句中,当陈述部分含有表示推测意义的can`t时,疑问部分的助动词应与can`t后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致.ﻫHe can`tbeateacher,is he?
他不是教师,是吗?
ﻫShecan`thavefinishedherhomework, hasshe?
她一定没有完成家庭作业,是不是?
(4)could可用于表示某事有可能发生或可能是事实。
ﻫDon`t eat it. Itcouldbepoisonous.不要吃它,可能有毒。
The plane could bedelayedbyfog.飞机可能会因为雾晚点。
(5)could还可以用于表示客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。
Excuseme, couldyoutellmethewaytothebus station?
Couldyouhelpme?
ﻫ(6)couldn`t表示否定推测,表示某事不可能真实,或由于特定事实或环境某事肯定不会发生。
It couldn`tpossiblybepoison.这不可能是毒药。
ﻫ注:
有时与形容词的比较级连用强调某人或某物不可能再更多地具有某种属性。
ﻫYoucouldn`t bemore wrong.你真是大错特错。
ﻫIcouldn`tbehappier.我简直是幸福极了。
ﻫ3.may和might的用法ﻫ(1) may,might表示推测“可能性”时,意思是“可能”、“也许”,语气没有 must肯定。
ﻫHemay/might beAmerican.=Itis possiblethat heis American.ﻫ他可能是个美国人。
注:
might不表示过去时态,只是语气上比may更委婉,表示的可能性更小。
(2)may,might表推测时,可以用于否定句,意思是“可能不、也许不”,但不用于疑问句。
Hemay/ mightnotbeathome.他也许不在家。
(3)may, might可以推测现在正在发生的动作或过去发生的动作。
Hemay/ might besleepingnow.(现在)他可能正在睡觉。
Theboymay /might notbewatching TV athome.(现在)ﻫ这个男孩可能没在家看电视
Thesestudentsmay/mighthaveseenthefilm before.(过去)ﻫ这些学生以前可能看过这部电影。
ﻫ(4)may,might还可以推测将来的情况。
ﻫIthinkwe shouldtakeraincoatwithus,itmayrain.
我想我们应该带上雨衣,可能要下雨了。
ﻫShemightnotcomethisafternoon.她今天下午可能不来了。
情态动词和虚拟语气练习40题
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.—Areyou inahurry?
—No, infact I’vegotplentyoftime.I___ wait.
A.must B.need C.may D.should
2.—Someoneisknockingatthedoor. ___ itbe Venis?
—No,it___ beher;sheleftfor NewYorkthismorning.ﻫ A.Can;mustn’t B.Might; can’t
C.May; doesn’t D.Can;can’tﻫ 3.He didn’tagreewithmeatfirst,butI____persuade himtosigntheagreementlater.
A.could B.might C.should D.was abletoﻫ 4.—Isthereamovieonin thecinema tonight?
—There___ be.I willphonethecinemaandfinditout.
A.might B.should C.can D.could
5.You___becarefulwhenyoucrosshere—thetrafficlights aren’tworking.ﻫ A.can B.oughtto C.might D.may
6.You___outlastnight.Icalledyou severaltimes,butnobodyanswered.ﻫ A.musthavebeen B.mustbe ﻫ C.mighthave been D.couldbe
7.You___failto passtheentranceexaminationifyoudon’tstudyharder.ﻫ A.shall B.could C.must D.shouldﻫ 8.WhenIwas studyingatBeijingUniversity,I___takeawalkalongthelake everyevening.
A.will B.would C.could D.shallﻫ 9.The partyturnedout tobeafailure.Iwouldrather ___it.
A.nothaveattended B.notattend ﻫ C.not toattend D.nottohaveattendedﻫ 10.Sir,you___besittinginthisseat.Itisforwomenor childrenonly.
A.can’t B.oughtn’ttoﻫ C.won’t D.needn’tﻫ 11.—Shall ItellLiMingaboutthematter?
ﻫ —No,you___. He hasknownaboutitalready.
A.oughtn’tto B.needn’tﻫ C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
12.—MustI take abus?
ﻫ —No, you___.Youcanwalkthere.ﻫ A.mustnot B.don’tﻫ C.don’thaveto D.hadbetternotto
13.—Whydo youmake medo so?
ﻫ —Iamsorrythat you___dosucha thing.ﻫ A.would B.can C.should D.may
14.—Willyou stayforlunch?
—Sorry,I___ .Mybrotheriscoming to seeme.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.won’tﻫ 15.Whatwouldhavehappened___,as far asthe riverbank?
A.ifBobhaswalkedfartherﻫ B.ifBobshould walk farther
C.hadBobwalkedfartherﻫ D.shouldBob walkfarther
16.Oh, Jane,you’vebrokenanotherglass. Youought ___whenyouwashedit.
A.be careful B.to careﻫ C.havecared D.tohavebeencareful
17.It’shigh timewe___ to thetheater.ﻫ A.will go B.shallgo C.aregoing to D.wentﻫ 18.—Could I use yourtelephone?
—Yes,ofcourseyou___.
A.could B.will C.can D.might
19.It’sstrangethatthey___ nothingabout thismatter.ﻫ A.shouldknow B.would knowﻫ C.hadknown D.knew
20.—Doyoustillremember thedaywhenwe wenttotheGreatWall?
ﻫ —Ican’trememberit well, but___sometime lastautumn?
A.mightitbe B.could it havebeen
C.could it be D.mustit have been
21.—Ican’tget through tothe general manager’s office anyhow.
—Theline isbusy.Someone ___thetelephone.
A.must use B.usesﻫ C.musthavebeenusing D.mustbe usingﻫ 22.Hesuggestswe___tothecinema at once,otherwisewewillbelate.ﻫ A.mustgo B.go C.willgo D.wouldgoﻫ 23.If onlyhe___meyesterday!
A.had seen B.would see C.shouldsee D.sawﻫ 24.If you___ waitamoment, I’ll go andfind ourmanager.ﻫ A.can B.should C.will D.must
25.—Itisrathercoldhere.Shall we lightafire?
—No, we ___becausethings are easyto catchfire.ﻫ A.won’t B.can’t
C.mustn’t D.needn’t
26.IfI___ you,I___moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.
A.was; shallpay B.am; willpay
C.wouldbe; would pay D.were;wouldpay
27.—Would youhavetoldhimtheanswer hadit beenpossible?
ﻫ —Iwouldhave,butI___so busythen.
A.had been B.were C.was D.wouldbeﻫ
28.—Canchildrenswiminthis pool?
ﻫ —Yes.However,atnotime___ theydoso by themselves.
A.dare B.shouldﻫ C.need D.couldﻫ 29.Kunmingiscalled“Spring City”,butit___ snowin winter.
A.shall B.can C.must D.mightﻫ 30.—What’sthematterwithyou?
ﻫ —Oh, I’mnotfeelingwell in the stomach.I ___somuchfriedfish justnow.
A.shouldn’teat B.mustn’thaveeatenﻫ C.shouldn’thaveeaten D.mustn’teatﻫ 31.—Youlooksoupset.What’swrong withyou?
ﻫ —The door ___.Canyouhelpme?
ﻫ A.won’topen B.won’tbe opened
C.can’topen D.can’tbeopened
32.—Mum,Iclimbed togettheTeddy Bearfromthetop oftheshelf.
—Mygoodness!
You___yourself.Youmustn’tdothatnext time.ﻫ A.musthavehurt B.should havehurtﻫ C.may havehurt D.canhavehurtﻫ 33.Childrenunder12yearsof ageinthatcountry ___beunder adultsupervision when heis in apubliclibrary.
A.must B.may C.can D.need
34.“The interest ___bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadeby bothsides,” declared thejudge.
A.may B.should C.must D.shallﻫ 35.—Idon’t mindtellingyou what I know.ﻫ —You___ . I’m notaskingyouforit.ﻫ A.mustn’t B.maynot C.can’t D.needn’t
36.—Mum,I’vebeenstudyingEnglishsince8o’clock.___I goout andplaywithTomfora while?
ﻫ —No, I’m afraid not. Besides,it’srainingoutsidenow.
A.Can’t B.Wouldn’tﻫ C.Darenot D.Won’t
37.—Whois the girlstandingoverthere?
—Well,ifyou ___know,hernameisMabel.
A.may B.can C.must D shall
38.Thedriver hasdrunk toomuchwine and dangerous things___happenat anytime.ﻫ A.should B.can C.must D.needﻫ 39.We___booked.Look, this restaurantisalmostempty.
A.musthave B.can’thave
C.shouldhave D.needn’thaveﻫ 40.Listen!
The fireengineisroaring.There___bea firesomewhere.
A.should B.must C.will D.oughttoﻫ
【答案及部分解析】 1~5CDDAB 6~10 AABAB 11~15BCCBC 16~20DDCAB 21~25DBACC 26~30DCBBC 31~35ACADD 36~40ACADB
1.may表示“可以”。