国际贸易实务双语教程第4版.docx
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国际贸易实务双语教程第4版
第一章练习答案
Unit1Abriefintroductiontointernationaltrade
I.Answermyquestions
1.Internationaltradeisbusinesswhoseactivitiesinvolvethecrossingofnationalborders.Itincludesnotonlyinternationaltradeandforeignmanufacturingbutalsoencompassesthegrowingservicesindustryinareassuchastransportation,tourism,banking,advertising,construction,retailing,wholesaling,andmasscommunications.Itincludesallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormorecountries.Suchbusinessrelationshipmaybeprivateorgovernmental.
2.Salesexpansion,resourceacquisitionanddiversificationofsalesandsupplies.3.Togainprofit.4.Toseeoutforeignmarketsandprocurement.5.Therearefourmajorformswhicharethefollowing:
MerchandiseexportsandImports,ServiceExportsandImports,InvestmentandMultinationalEnterprise.6.Itistheaccountwhichisasummarystatementoftheflowofallinternationaleconomicandfinancialtransactionsbetweenonenation(eg.theUnitedStates)andtherestoftheworldoversomeperiodoftime,usuallyoneyear.7.MerchandiseExportingandImporting.8.Yes.Therearegreatdifferencesbetweenthem.1)directinvestmenttakesplacewhencontrolfollowstheinvestment.Itusuallymeanshighcommitmentofcapital,personnel,andtechnologyabroad.Itaimsatgainingofforeignresourcesandforeignmarkets.Directinvestmentmayoftengethigherforeignsalesthanexporting.Andsometimesitinvolvestwoormoreparties.2)Whileportfolioinvestmentsarenotundercontrol.Andtheyareusedprimarilyforfinancialpurposes.Treasuresofcompanies,forexample,routinelymorefundsfromonecountrytoanothertogetahigheryieldonshortterminvestments.9.MNEistheabbreviationofthemultinationalenterprise.ItssynonymsareNNC(themultinationalcorporation)andTNC(transnationalcorporation).10.Examplesaretravel,transport,fee,royalties,dividendsandinterest.11.Thechoiceofformsisinfluencedbytheobjectivebeingpursuedandtheenvironmentsinwhichthecompanymustoperate.12.Itislimitedbythenumberofpeopleinterestedinafirm’sproductsandservicesandbycustomers’capacitytomakepurchase.13.Thisisbecauseatanearlystageofinternationalinvolvementtheseoperationsusuallytaketheleastcommitmentandleastriskofafirm’sresources.14.Royaltiesmeansthepaymentforuseofassetsfromabroad,suchasfortrademarkspatens,copyrights,orotherexpertiseundercontractknownaslicencingagreements.Royaltiesarealsopaidfranchising.15.Itisawayofdoingbusinessinwhichoneparty(thefranchiser)theuseofatrademarkthatisanessentialassetforthefranchisers’business.
IIMatcheachoneontheleftwithitscorrectmeaningontheright
1.J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F10.H
IIITranslatethefollowingtermsandphrasesintoChinese
1购买力11经济复苏;恢复2潜在销售量12经济衰退3加价,涨价13间接投资4国内市场14有形货物5制成品15有形进出口6边际利润16收入及支出;岁入及岁出7市场占有率17超额能力8贸易歧视18贸易中间人(商);经纪人9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式10经销周期20许可证协定
IV.CaseStudy.
Batteriescalled“whiteelephant”exportedfromChinawereverypopularinSoutheastAsia,butinUnitedStatesnoonewasinterestedinthegoods.Why?
Batteriescalled"whiteelephant"exportedfromChinawereverypopularinSoutheastAsia,because"whiteelephant"wasaluckythinginSoutheastAsia,butnoonewasinterestedinitinthemarketofEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Thebossofthecompanywasverystrangethatthequalityofthebatteryorthepriceofreasons,soheaskedhisstafftoinvestigate.Finallyhefoundthatisthebrand"whiteelephant"tobeblame.Thebrand'snametranslatedintoEnglishwas"whiteelephant"whichmeantsomethingwerenousebutcumbersomeinWesterncountries.Itwasreallyabadtranslationfromcultureinformationperspective.Themeaningderivedfromalegend.Accordingtothelegend,therewasakingwhohatedaminister,sohegaveawhiteelephanttotheministerforpunishment.Theministerhastotakecareofthewhiteelephant,hecouldn'tgiveittoothersorkillitbecauseit'sthekinggaveittohim.However,theappetiteofthewhiteelephantwassogreat,andtheministerbecamepoorer.Soitshowedpeopleinwesterncountrieswouldnotbuythebatteryfortheconsumershavenowillingtobuysomethinguselessbutcumbersome.
V.Pleasetrytofindoutsomecasesaboutculturaldifferencesindoinginternationalbusiness.
(Open)
VI.PleasedeterminewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTRUEorFALES.ThenputTforTRUEorFforFALESinthebracketattheendofeachstatement.
1.(T)2.(F)3.(F)4.(T)5.(F)6.(T)7.(T)8.(F)9.(T)10.(T)11.(F)12.(F)13.(T)14.(T)15.(F)
Ⅶ.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish
1.Tradeisoftensaidtobethe"engine"ofdevelopment.Althoughthisanalogyistoosimple,itdoesillustratetheimportanceofforeigntradeineconomicdevelopment.Althoughthehealthygrowthofexportsisnotalwayssufficientforrapidandsustainedeconomicgrowth,itisundeniablethatthereisapositiveandcloselinkbetweenthetwo.Theroleoftradedevelopmentineconomicgrowthismanifestedinmanyways.Amongthemare:
thebenefitsofprofessionaldivisionoflabor,theroleofinternationalcompetitioninpromotingdomesticeconomicefficiencyandtheabilitytopayfortheimportofgoodsneededfordevelopment,aswellasmoregenerally,theencouragementofinvestmentandentrepreneurship.
2.Internationaltradeistheexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedbyonecountrywithgoodsandservicesproducedbyanothercountry.Inadditiontothevisibletrade,thatis,theimportandexportofgoodsandcargos,therearealsoinvisibletrade,whichreferstotheexchangeoflaborbetweencountries.CountriessuchasGreeceandNorway,whichhavevastmaritimefleetsandprovidetransportservices,reflectaformofinvisibletrade.Forsomecountries,invisibletradeisjustasimportantasrawmaterialsandcommodityexportsforsomeothercountries.Inbothcases,thesecountriescanmakemoneytobuythegoodstheyneed.
3.Internationaltradeisvariedinavarietyofways.Underwritingreferstotheseller,inaparticularareaandwithinacertainperiodoftime,togiveforeigncustomerstheexclusiverighttosellthedesignatedcommoditytrade.Inthisdeal,thegoodsaretakenoverbytheunderwriter,soldontheirownandareself-financing.Thisisdifferentfromacommission-onlyagent,andbecausetheunderwriterenjoysafranchiseinaparticulararea,makingitdistinctfromthegeneralsaleandpurchaseagreement.
4.Nocountryintheworldcanproducealltheproductsitneeds,soallcountriesparticipateintheinternationaldivisionoflaborforeffectiveproductionandreproduction.Sometimes,acountrycanbuygoodsandservicesabroadfromabarter,whichreferstotheexchangeofonegoodforanotherandnotformoney.Bartertradebyitselfisnotenoughtomeettheneedsofacountry'simports.However,asamodeoftrade,itisattractivetodevelopingcountriesthathaveashortageofforeignexchangeorshortageofinflowofforeigncapitaltomeetthedemandforforeigntrade.
Ⅷ.MultipleChoices
1-5DDADB6-10AAABA
第二章练习答案
Unit2GeneralProceduresofExportandImportTransaction
I.Answerthefollowingquestions
1.Pleasetellustheproceduresofinternationaltrade.
Theproceduresofanexportorimportbusinessaresocomplicatedthatitmaytakequitealongtimetoconcludeatransaction.Variedandcomplicatedprocedureshavetobegonethroughinthecourseofexportorimporttransaction.Fromtheverybeginningtotheendofthetransaction,thewholeoperationgenerallyundergoesfourstages:
preparingforexportingorimporting,businessnegotiation,implementationofthecontract,andsettlementofdisputes(ifany).Eachstagecoverssomespecificsteps.Sincetheexportandimporttradesaretwosidesofthesamecoin,andonecountry’sexportisanothercountry’simport.
2.Whatarethepartiesinvolvedinexportandimporttransaction?
Thepartieswhoareinvolvedinexportandimporttransactionsarenumerousandcanbedescribedasvariously.Thebasicpartiesarethebuyerwhopurchasesthegoodsandthesellerwhoprovidesthegoods.
3.Whatarethespecialistsinvolvedinexportandimporttransaction?
Manyspecialistsmaybeinvolvedinexportandimporttransaction,including:
(1)Ashippingagentand/orforeignforwarder(forwardingagent)willtakeresponsibilityforthedocumentationandarrangeforthegoodstobeshippedbyair,sea,railorroad.Theseservicesmaybecarriedoutbythesupplier’sownexportdepartment,iftheyhavetheexpertise.
(2)Airlines,shippinglines,railwaycompaniesorhaulagecontractorswillactualtransportthegoods.
(3)Boththeimporter’sandexporter’sbankswillbeinvolvedinarrangingpaymentsifaletterofcreditorbillofexchangeisused.
(4)CustomsandExciseofficersmayneedtoexaminethegoods,checkimportorexportlicensingandchargedutyand/orVAT.
(5)AchamberofCommercemayneedtoissueaCertificateofOrigin,ifthisisrequiredbytheimporter’scountry.
(6)Aninsurancecompanyinsuresgoodsintransit.
(7)Alawyerifaspecialcontracthastobedrawnup.
4.Whatarethedocumentsneededinexportandimporttransaction?
Animport/exporttransactionusuallyrequiresalotofcomplicateddocumentsbecauseitisdifficulttomakemanydifferentarrangementswhenonefirmisdealingwithanotherontheothersideoftheworld.Thenumberandtypeofdocumentsneededdependonthespecificrequirementsoftheexporterandimporter.Generally,thedocumentsneededinclude:
(1)BillofLading.
(2)CommercialInvoice.
(3)ProformaInvoice.
(4)ConsularInvoice.