高考英语阅读理解真题汇编含答案及解析.docx

高考英语阅读理解真题汇编含答案及解析.docx

《高考英语阅读理解真题汇编含答案及解析.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语阅读理解真题汇编含答案及解析.docx（53页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

高考英语阅读理解真题汇编含答案及解析

高考英语阅读理解真题汇编（含答案）及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   KyleCassidyandthreeothermembersoftheAnnenbergRunningGroupwerestretchingonthegroundsoftheUniversityofPennsylvania,waitingforafewlatecomers.ThePenncolleaguesandothercommunitymembersmeetthreedaysaweekforaroughly30-minutejogandanoccasionallecture.That'sright―duringsomeruns,oneofthemdeliversatalk.TopicsrangefromthebraintoBitcoin.

   ButonthisdaylastJanuary,itwouldnotbetheirnormalrun.Thefirstcluethatsomethingwasoffwasthemanwhosprintedpastthem."Runningatanamazingpace,"CassidytoldRunner'sWorldadmiringly.Cassidydiscoveredwhythesprinterwassofleetoffootwhenanothermanranby,yelling,"Help!

Hetookmyphoneandlaptop!

"

   Atthat,thegroupdidwhatrunningclubsdo:

Theyran,trailingthesuspectdownthestreetsofPhiladelphiauntilheduckedintoaconstructionsite.Therunnerssplitup.Cassidyranaroundtothefarsideofthesitetocutthethiefoffwhiletheotherswanderedtheneighborhoodhopinghehaddumpedtheloot（赃物）inabackyard.

   Noluck.Sotheydecidedtoaskresidentswhetherthey'dseentheguy.Whentheyknockedonthedoorofonerowhouse,theywereinforasurprise.Unknowntothem,hehadalreadyemergedfromtheconstructionsite—andwashidingbehindabushbythatveryhouse.Astheowneropenedthedoor,thesuspectdartedoutfrombehindthebush...andrightintothearmsofcampuspolice,who'djoinedthechaseshortlybehindtherunners.

   Themembersofthisrunninggrouparenothard-coreathletes.Buttheydounderstandthebenefitofalittleexercise.''Runningistypicallyauselesssportwhereyouturnfatcellsintoheat,"CassidytoldThePhiladelphiaInquirer."Butoccasionallyitcanbeuseful,andherewasoneofthoseopportunities."

（1）Whydothegroupmembersgathertogether?

A.Todosomestretching.

B.Tohavearegularrun.

C.Todeliveralecture.

D.Tocoversometopics.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sprinted"inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Dashed.

B.Pushed.

C.Jumped.

D.Escaped.

（3）Wecaninferthatthesuccessofthechaseismainlydueto____.

A.theassistanceoftherunners

B.theowneroftherowhouse

C.thecampuspoliceonpatrol

D.thejointeffortsofthepeople

（4）WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesCassidy?

A.Athleticandgenerous.

B.Courageousandambitious.

C.Helpfulandhumorous.

D.Thoughtfulanddemanding.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了跑步俱乐部成员和校园警察等众人合力将抢了别人电话和笔记本电脑的嫌犯抓获的故事。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“ThePenncolleaguesandothercommunitymembersmeetthreedaysaweekforaroughly30-minutejogandanoccasionallecture.”宾州大学的同事和其他社区成员每周集结三天，进行大约30分钟的慢跑，可知，小组成员聚在一起是为了进行常规的跑步，故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“"Runningatanamazingpace,"”可知，这个人跑的速度非常快，应该是从他们的身边疾驰而过，由此可知画线词词义为“猛冲”，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Atthat,thegroupdidwhatrunningclubsdo:

Theyran,trailingthesuspectdownthestreetsofPhiladelphiauntilheduckedintoaconstructionsite.”及第四段中的“Astheowneropenedthedoor,thesuspectdartedoutfrombehindthebush...andrightintothearmsofcampuspolice,who'djoinedthechaseshortlybehindtherunners.”等细节描写可知，众人（跑步俱乐部成员和校园警察等）合力将抢了别人电话和笔记本电脑的嫌犯抓获，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Cassidyranaroundtothefarsideofthesitetocutthethiefoff”可知，劫案发生后，卡西迪马上投入到对嫌犯的追捕之中，这说明他乐于助人；再根据最后一段中的“‘Runningistypicallyauselesssportwhereyouturnfatcellsintoheat,’CassidytoldThePhiladelphiaInquirer.‘Butoccasionallyitcanbeuseful,andherewasoneofthoseopportunities.’”卡西迪对记者说“跑步通常是一项无用的运动，你可以将脂肪细胞转化为热量，但偶尔也会有用，这就是其中一个机会”，这是一种诙谐的说法，说明他很幽默，可知，卡西迪既乐于助人又有幽默感，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Aboutaspirin:

   Aspirinisacommonlyuseddrugwhichcanbetakentorelievediscomfortcausedbynumerousmedicalproblemsincludingheadaches,toothache,inflammationandinfections.Itisalsosuitabletotreatcoldsandflu-likesymptoms,andtoreduceahightemperature.

   Whocantakeaspirin?

   Adultsandchildrenover16yearsofage.

   Whoshouldnottakeaspirin?

   Womenwhoarepregnant,orplantobecomepregnant.Aspirinmayharmyourunbornbaby.

   Womenwhoarebreast-feeding.Aspirincanpassintoyourbreastmilkandmayharmyourbaby.

   Peoplewhohaveanyproblemswiththewaytheliverworksorwiththewaythekidneyswork.

Howtotakeaspirin:

   Takeaspirinaftermeals,withafullglassofwaterormilk.

   Therecommendeddose（剂量）rangesfromtwotothreetabletsatatime.Nevertakemorethan4g12tablets）inany24-hourperiod.

   Youmustnottakethesetabletswithanyothermedicinewhichcontainsanyaspirinorpainkiller.

   Howtostoreaspirin:

   Keepallmedicinesoutofthereachandsightofchildren.

   Storeaspirininacool,dryplace,awayfromdirectheatandlight.

   Donotputaspirininthebathroombecausethedampnesstherecancauseittoloseitseffectiveness.

   Throwawayaspirinthatsmellsstronglyofvinegar.

   Possiblesideeffects:

   Feelingsick,increasedriskofbleeding,stomachpain,indigestionandheartburnarecommon.Iftheseeffectscontinue,contactyourdoctor.

   Ringingintheears,difficultybreathing,dizziness,andmentalconfusionarerare.Iftheseoccur,stoptakingthedrugandcontactyourdoctorforfurtheradvice.

（1）Inwhichcasewillyoutakeaspirinaccordingtothetext?

A. Stomachache.                     B. Fever.                     C. Breathlessness.                     D. Nosebleed.

（2）Howmanytimescanyoutakeaspirinatmostinaday?

A. 6.                                          

B. 5.                                          

C. 4.                                          

D. 3.

（3）Whattypeofwritingisthistext?

A. Ahospitalannouncement.                              

B. Amedicalreport.

C. Adoctor'ssuggestionslist.                              

D. Medicalinstructions.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍阿司匹林的作用和注意事项。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Itisalsosuitabletotreatcoldsandflu-likesymptoms,andtoreduceahightemperature.”可知，阿司匹林可以退烧，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Therecommendeddose（剂量）rangesfromtwotothreetabletsatatime.Nevertakemorethan4g12tabletsinany24-hourperiod.”可知，每次2-3片，一天不能超过12片，最多六次，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。

本文属于说明文，介绍阿司匹林的作用和注意事项，因而是一篇药物使用说明书，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇药物使用说明书，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Persuasionistoconvincesomeonetoagreewithyou,justlikeartwhichalsocallsforspecialtechniquestoaccomplish.AccordingtotheancientGreeks,therearethreebasictoolsofpersuasion:

ethos,pathosandlogos.

   Ethosisaspeaker'swayofconvincingtheaudiencethatheistrustworthy,honestandreliable.Onecommonwayaspeakercandevelopethosisbyexplaininghowmuchexperienceoreducationhehasinthefield.Afterall,you'remorelikelytolistentoadviceabouthowtotakecareofyourteethfromadentistthanafireman.

   Pathosisaspeaker'swayofconnectingwithanaudience'semotions.Forexample,apoliticianwhoistryingtoconvinceanaudiencetovoteforhimmightsaythathealonecansavethecountryfromaterriblewar.Thesewordsareintendedtofilltheaudiencewithfear,thusmakingthemwanttovoteforhim.Similarly,ananimalcharitymightshowanaudiencepicturesofinjureddogsandcatstomaketheeviewersfeelpity,sotheywillbemorelikelytodonatemoney.

   Logosistheuseoffacts,statisticsorotherevidencetosupportyourargument.Anaudiencewillbelieveyouifyouhaveconvincingdatatobackupyourclaims.Presentingthisevidenceismuchmorepersuasivethansimplysaying“believeme”.

   Althoughethos,pathosandlogosallhavetheirstrengths,theyareoftenmosteffectivewhenusedtogether.So,thenexttimeyoulistentoaspeech,watchacommercialorlistentoafriendtrytoconvinceyoutolendhimsomemoney,beonthelookoutfortheseancientGreektoolsofpersuasion.

（1）Whatisthepurposeofpersuasion?

A. Toadvisesomebodytosupportyou.               

B. Tohelpsomeonehavespecialskills.

C. Toconvincesomebodytorealizehisaim.          

D. Totalksomeoneintobeinghonest.

（2）Whatisaspeaker'swayofconvincingtheaudiencetotrusthim?

A. Pathos.                             

B. Ethos.                             

C. Logos.                             

D. Education.

（3）Whatdoapoliticianandananimalcharityhaveincommon?

A. Bothpreventthemselvesfrombeinghurt.          

B. Bothsavepeoplefromterriblewars.

C. Bothmaketheaudiencesupportthem.           

D. Bothpersuadepeopletodonatemoney.

（4）Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A. ConvincetheAudience                                      B. ThreeBasicToolsofPersuasion

C. BelieveMe                                                         

D. StrengthofPersuasion

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，说服是一种说服某人同意你的艺术，有三种基本的说服方法：

精神气质，悲情和理性。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Persuasionistoconvincesomeonetoagreewithyou,justlikeartwhichalsocallsforspecialtechniquestoaccomplish.”可知说服的目的是劝告一些人赞成你，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Ethosisaspeaker'swayofconvincingtheaudiencethatheistrustworthy,honestandreliable.Onecommonwayaspeakercandevelopethosisbyexplaininghowmuchexperienceoreducationhehasinthefield.”可知说话者可以通过介绍自己的经验以及自己在这个领域所受的教育，也就是Ethos，来让听众相信他，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Pathosisaspeaker'swayofconnectingwithanaudience'semotions.”可知一位政治家和一个动物慈善团体的共同之处就是让听众支持他们，故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据主题句“Persuasionistoconvincesomeonetoagreewithyou,justlikeartwhichalsocallsforspecialtechniquestoaccomplish.AccordingtotheancientGreeks,t